Caring for the Old
The End of Life Care
End of life care refers to the total care of a person that has an advanced illness that is incurable and does not equate with death. This end of life care can last for a number of weeks, months or even years depending on the state an individual is.it is usually the care which helps those that have advanced, progressive and illnesses that can not be cured to live life as well as possible until they meet their death. End of life care makes it possible for the patient and their family to get supportive and palliative care needs identified and met throughout the last phase when they are living and into the bereavement period. Supportive care is care which helps a patient and the family to cope with the condition and the treatment of that condition right from the pre-diagnosis period, throughout…...
mlaReferences
Boswell, Kahana & Worth-anderson, 2006). Spirituality and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors: Stress Counter-balancing Effects on the Well-being of Older Adults. Retrieved April 30, 2014 from http://www.case.edu/artsci/soci/documents/Spiritualityandhealthylifestylebehaviors.pdf
U.S. Department of State, (2012).Legal & Financial Issues In Caregiving for Older Adults. Retrieved April 30, 2014 from http://www.state.gov/m/dghr/flo/142266.htm
American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), (2014). Caregiving Considerations. Retrieved April 30, 2014 from http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/older-adults/caregiving-considerations
The Joanna Briggs Institute, (2011). Age-friendly nursing interventions in the management of older people in emergency departments. Retrieved April 30, 2014 from http://connect.jbiconnectplus.org/ViewSourceFile.aspx?0=7127
Management Performance Within Elderly Care Homes in Gibraltar
The elderly nursing community in Gibraltar is dispersed and characterized by different institution specific challenges and particularities. The current project assesses the general level of leadership competencies within three pre-selected institutions, the management performance assessments of employees, the basic leadership skills required and formulates a series of recommendations as to how these competencies could be obtained. The approach is predominantly a quantitative one, combining various research methods, such as the questionnaire, the case study and structured interviews.
With the aging of the population, more pressure is placed on the health care system throughout the world, and Gibraltar is no exception. As 15.41 per cent of its population is aged over 65 years (Website of the Central Intelligence Agency, 2015), a question arises regarding the country's ability to provide adequate care for its aging population. In this sense then, the current project sets out…...
mlaReferences
Arras, John, D. (1995). Bringing the Hospital Home. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University.
Barker, A.M., Sullivan, D.T., Emery, M.J., (2006) Leadership competencies for clinical managers: the Renaissance of transformational leadership, Jones & Bartlett Learning
Benner, P. (1982). Novice to Expert. Am J Nurs, 82(3):402-7
Booyens, S.W., (1998) Dimensions of nursing management, Juta and Company Ltd.
ELDER CARE Psychological and Emotional Issues Related to ElderCarePost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the one in which a child or adult who has experienced trauma keeps recalling the memory of that mental or physical distressing situation (Osmosis, 2016). Extreme stress of this kind is risky since it can pose serious health issues for adults. This paper aims at elaborating on the effects of stress and its effective coping skills for the health of older adults.The removal of psychological stressors, including traumatic events, chronic or daily stressors, is mandatory for better middle age and adult health to improve quality of life in their later years (Frias & Whyne, 2015). The troubles are more visible in adults in the form of outbursts, stomach problems, high blood pressure or hypertension, memory issues or dementia, obesity, diabetes, depression, irregular sleep patterns, and angry moods (Yaribeygi et al., 2017). Stress can affect individuals differently as…...
mlaMcGuire, J.F., Lewin, A.B. & Storch, E.A. (2014). Enhancing exposure therapy for anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 14(8), 893-910. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2014.934677
Osmosis. (2016, September 5). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - causes, symptoms, treatments and pathology [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzSx4rMyVjI
Solati, K., Ja’Farzadeh, L. & Hasanpour-Dehkordi, A. (2016). The effect of stress management based on group cognitive-behavioral on marital satisfaction in infertile women. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 10(7), VC01-VC03. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/17836.8077
Yaribeygi, H., Panahi, Y., Sahraei, H., Johnston, T.P. & Sahebkar, A. (2017). The impact of stress on body functions: A review. EXCLI Journal, 16, 1057-1072.
https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2017-480
Continuum of Elder Care 2Frequently Asked Questions on The Continuum of Elder Care Services AvailableWhat is elderly continuum care?The elderly continuum care refers to the daily care and healthcare that is given to the elderly. Its primary purpose is to enhance advanced medical treatments, recently availed medical technology, and medical procedures to enable people to live their old age well (Hasson et al., 2012).How are the accommodations like?This is usually about the residential quarters, the privacy level one can have, personal effects one has to come with, what inhibited items are, whether or not visitation is allowed. When you need medical assistance, make sure you inquire about the available assistance level and the frequency one would expect to be checked upon. In the majority of communities, living arrangements are provided in varying layouts, locations, and sizes. One, therefore, should consider where they will be most comfortable and the kind of…...
mlaReferences
Cameron, J. I., Naglie, G., Silver, F. L., & Gignac, M. A. (2013). Stroke family caregivers’ support needs change across the care continuum: a qualitative study using the timing it right framework. Disability and Rehabilitation, 35(4), 315-324.
De Blok, C., Luijkx, K., Meijboom, B., & Schols, J. (2010). Modular care and service packages for independently living elderly. International Journal of Operations & Production Management.
Hasson, H., Blomberg, S., & Dunér, A. (2012). Fidelity and moderating factors in complex interventions: a case study of a continuum of care program for frail elderly people in health and social care. Implementation Science, 7(1), 1-11.
Meinow, B., Parker, M. G., & Thorslund, M. (2011). Consumers of eldercare in Sweden: The semblance of choice. Social science & medicine, 73(9), 1285-1289.
The emphasis is on normal, everyday activities provided for residents. According to the authors, however, little research has been conducted to investigate the actual effect of such activities and settings upon residents. The assumption is that such settings have a better effect that traditional institutions, but there is little empirical research to support this.
Hence, Verbeek et al. (2010) conducted a study to compare small-scale living with regular care in nursing homes in the Netherlands. Interestingly, they found no significant difference between the quality of life experienced by residents in traditional institutional settings and those in small-scale living facilities. Furthermore, there was also no significant difference in the job satisfaction levels of nursing staff between both types of institution was found. Another important aspect, namely neuropsychiatric symptoms and agitation were also significantly similar for both institution types. According to the authors, a difference was found in the satisfaction level of…...
mlaReferences
Gaugler, J.E. (2005, Mar.). Family Involvement in Residential Long-Term Care: A Synthesis and Critical Review. Aging and Mental health, Iss. 9, vol. 2. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2247412/
Lyness, J.M., Yu, Q., Tang, W., Tu, X., and Conwell, Y. (2009, Dec.). Risks for Depression Onset in Primary Care Elderly Patients: Potential Targets for Preventive Interventions. American Journal of Psychiatry. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2982671/
Simonazzi, a. (2009, Jun). Home care and cash transfers. Effects on the elderly care-female employment trade-off. Retrieved from: http://www.aiel.it/bacheca/SASSARI/papers/simonazzi.pdf
Verbeek, H., Zwakhalen, S.M.G., Van Rossum, E., Ambergen, T, Kempen, G.I.J.M., and Hamers, J.P.H. (2010, Nov.). Dementia Care Redesigned: Effects of Small-Scale Living Facilities on Residents, their Family Caregivers, and Staff. American Medical directors Association. Retrieved from: http://www.unimaas.nl/hcns/websiteVW/publications/Publication%20scans/Verbeek.%20Dementia%20care%20redesigned.pdf
Article eviewPoghosyan, L., Brooks, J. M., Hovsepian, V., Pollifrone, M., Schlak, A. E., & Sadak, T. (2021).The growing primary care nurse practitioner workforce: A solution for the aging population living with dementia.The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry,29(6), 517-526.The authors conducted a systematic review using 14 studies relating to the utilization of nurse practitioners (NPs) in the care of persons living with dementia (PLWD) in primary care settings. Their research showed that NPs can play a crucial role in providing care for PLWD based on quality care outcomes, patient satisfaction, and the need to fill a gap in care for this particular population. The findings also indicated that currently most NPs are often involved in only co-management roles; however, the review suggested that there is evidence that NPs can also serve as primary care providers for PLWD. The authors conclude that NPs can help increase the capacity of primary care providers…...
mlaReferencesHickman, L. D., Neville, S., Fischer, T., Davidson, P. M., & Phillips, J. L. (2016). Call to action: greater investment in the registered nurse role is required to improve care outcomes for dementia patients living in residential aged care and their families. Contemporary Nurse, 52(2-3), 137-139.Poghosyan, L., Brooks, J. M., Hovsepian, V., Pollifrone, M., Schlak, A. E., & Sadak, T. (2021). The growing primary care nurse practitioner workforce: A solution for the aging population living with dementia. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(6), 517-526.
The results of this analysis highlight the need for hospitals to fine-tune their discharge process to reduce readmissions, and support the expenditure of additional resources for this purpose as a cost-effective intervention; as an example, author cites a hospital in Iowa that implemented a rigorous post-discharge planning process for patients with heart failure and 30-day readmission rates were reduced by 3-9% during the 3-month period following implementation.
Conclusion
The research showed that many elderly patients who suffer from congestive heart failure also suffer from a wide range of comorbid conditions, including diabetes and hypertension. These patients can be reasonably expected to require periodic or even frequent treatment in emergency departments and/or hospitalizations for these conditions, making the need for effective and seamless post-discharge planning especially important. In this regard, the research also showed that there are some valuable evidence-based practice guidelines available, though, that can help clinicians better coordinate post-discharge care,…...
It is also wise to have it reviewed by a doctor or attorney, the Family Doctor eb site suggests; that way you can be assured that what you wish to have done with you and to you if you become incapacitated is "understood exactly as you intended" (Family Doctor).
The advance directives are sensitive and private, and they are very important for seniors. But the advance directives can be controversial, so it is wise for older people to know the law and understand the facts. To wit, there have been rumors and falsehoods spread on the orld ide eb and elsewhere about the advance directives that are spelled out in the recent overhaul of the healthcare system. Former governor of Alaska Sarah Palin made news in the summer of 2009 by asserting that the advance directives in the healthcare overhaul created a "death panel" of bureaucrats who will "decide, based…...
mlaWorks Cited
Binstock, Robert H., and George, Linda K. (2010). Handbook of Aging and the Social
Sciences. Maryland Heights, MO: Academic Press.
Black, Jane A. (2008). Notes: The Not-So-Golden Years: Power of Attorney, Elder Abuse, and Why Our Laws are Failing a Vulnerable Population. St. John's Law Review, 82(1), 289-314
Collier, Elizabeth. (2005). Latent age discrimination in mental health care. Mental Health
foundational issues at hand for our culture is the provision of health care for all. Challenging the standard by limiting health care for the elderly is a substantial ethical question. (Etzioni, 1988, pgs. 168-174) Yet, regardless of the bargaining power of organizations who advocate for the elderly the limitations are being made, in more covert and less effective ways. Regardless of public opinion the system we have now adopted is inefficient and not only do the elderly suffer, but all others who are not offered services in economically feasible ways suffer.
The system will continue to be based upon capitalistic standards as long as benefits exist in a manner that provides profits for cutting corners on standard preventative care and offering substantially overblown services to those who can afford to pay for it or who have no voice to say no. (Lamm, 1989, pgs. 158-162) Providing care in such a…...
mlaKutter, Robert. (1988), 'National Insurance Should Fund Long-Term Care."
Lamm, Richard. (1989) "The Elderly Cannot Be Guaranteed Full Access to Health Care."
Sager, Alan. (1988) "The Elderly Should Be Guaranteed Full Access to Health Care."
Difficulties that Elderly People Encounter and Their Life Satisfaction," which was published within the scholarly journal Social Behavior and Personality in 2008, social scientists Kasim Karatas and Veli Duyan analyze the level of life satisfaction experienced by elderly residents of the Ankara region of Turkey, while also exploring the various factors which may negatively influence one's life satisfaction. According to the authors, "the purpose of this study was to examine the sociodemographic characteristics of elderly people and the effects that difficulties they encounter in daily life have on their life satisfaction" (2008), with the dually overriding objectives of determining a causal relationship between life satisfaction and either sociodemographic characteristics or hardships experienced. Relying on the tried and true methodology of administering a detailed survey and questionnaire combination, in this case to a sample of 109 females and 76 males between the ages of 60 and 98 living in the…...
Cognitive Disorder in Elderly
Cognitive Disorders in Elderly
Sachiko Furuya
Cognitive Assessment & Lab
Kris Thomas, PhD
The research of this study is related to cognitive, dementia, Alzheimer disease, and depression issues with the elderly populations of the United States and in the world in general. Societies with a large number of elderly people such as the U.S.A. are increasingly focusing their efforts on improving the life standards of these people based on the types of services given to them. The well-being of those on palliative and hospice care is as important as the well-being of the family members of these patients. Although many health issues present themselves during the elder years of any patient, there is a lot of attention paid to cognitive and mood issues in this age group. The disorders and maladies that are relevant to this population include, among others, depression, dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and milder cases of Alzheimer's.…...
mlaReferences
American Psycholgical Association (APA) (2010). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. American Psychologists Association.
Abby C. (2010). Physical Activity for an Aging Population. Public Health Reviews, Vol. 32. Retrieved from: http://www.publichealthreviews.eu/upload/pdf_files/8/PHR_32_2_King.pdf
Aklin, W. M., & Turner, S. M. (2006). Toward understanding ethnic and cultural factors in the interviewing process. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(1), 50-64.
doi:10.1037/0033-3204.43.1.50
Hawaiian elde cae pofessionals impove patient eldecae sevices to Japanese nationals, taking into consideation Japanese cultual noms and expectations
Caegiving fo eldely paents in Japan
Japan has witnessed a significant gowth in its elde population. In the yea 1950, 4.9% of the Japanese population was aged 65 yeas and above. This figue inceased to 14.8% (1995). By 2025, it is estimated to gow to 25.8% (Yamamoto & Wallhagen, 1997). Japan's 'vey old' population goup (aged 85 and above) is swiftly inceasing in numbe. It has been pojected that by 2025, the nation's 'vey old' population will account fo 4.3% of its total population -- a five-fold ise in thee decades. Futhemoe, it was pojected that as many as 2.62 million Japanese would be suffeing fom senile dementia by the yea 2015; the 1990 estimate fo senile dementia was about one million individuals (11WSA 1996).
Change in the pecentage of Japan's aged population…...
mlareferences, and Arrangement of End-of-life Care and Decision-Making among Japanese-American Older Adults, ProQuest LLC.
National Asian Pacific Center on Aging. (1998). Growing APA elderly population adds urgency to improving health services. Asian Pacific Affairs, 6 (Dr. 2-3.
SALDOV, M., KAKAI, H., McLAUGHLIN, L. & THOMAS, A. (1998). Cultural barriers in oncology: Issues in obtaining medical informed consent from Japanese-American elders in Hawaii, Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 13: 265-279.
Sato, S. (2015). THE IMPACT OF GENDER AND CULTURAL FACTORS ON THE PATTERNS OF ELDER CARE SERVICE UTILIZATION AMONG FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF JAPANESE ANCESTRY IN THE STATE OF HAWAII, ProQuest LLC
SOROCCO, K.H. (1998). BECOMING A HEALTH ACTIVE OLDER ADULT: THE EFFECTS OF A WORKSHOP FOR JAPANESE-American OLDER ADULTS. ProQuest Information and Learning
Care Case Study
Slide 1 Footnotes
There have been enormous changes due to introduction of various cultural elements in the continuum of care. Before, when people were admitted to assisted living facilities or hospital settings, there were very little cultural elements outside of the majority culture which had sponsored the facility. For example, if a facility was associated with some sort of church or temple, there were elements of that religion present, but there was little alternatives for members of other cultures or religions.
Yet, today, there are now a much wider array of cultural elements available in assisted living homes and hospital facilities. Assisted living programs are regulated on the level of the state.
As such, different states have different types of programs and policies that impact the degree to which cultural characteristics are included or excluded within various assisted living facilities. Some programs encourage cultural elements of patients to be brought…...
mlaReferences
ALFA - Assisted Living Federation of America. (2009). Assisted Living Regulations and Licensing. Retrieved from http://www.alfa.org/State_Regulations_and_Licensing_Informat.asp
Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. (2011). Report to the Congress: Medicare Payment Policy. Retrieved from http://www.medpac.gov/documents/Mar11_EntireReport.pdf
National Caregivers Library. (2012). Independent Living Facilities. Retrieved from http://www.caregiverslibrary.org
Next Step in Care. (2012). Reducing the Stress of Hospitalization for Patients with Dementia and their Family Caregivers: A Guide. Family Caregiver Alliance. Retrieved from http://caregiver.org/caregiver/jsp/content_node.jsp?nodeid=2449#researchpractice
Furthermore, one of the pillars of collaborative care that will need to be firmly established is the fostering of clear dialogue and a means for strong communication within the care management planning. For instance, there needs to be a clear decision and communication of all tests ordered and when the test results will be available. One of the most important aspects of this collaborative care will be the nursing interventions which can have significant impact on the patient's health and stabilization (Allen, 2010). In fact, strategic nursing care can even minimize readmission rates of Margaret and other patients with comparable conditions (Chen et al., 2012).
Prioritize the Nursing Care Needs of Margaret
The prioritization of nursing interventions is essential, and the way in which a nurse determines this priority is going to be something unique and distinct. "Trials reviewed demonstrated a beneficial impact of nursing interventions for secondary prevention in patients with…...
mlaReferences
Adler, H.M. (n.d.). Toward a biopsychosocial understanding of the patient -- physician relationship: An emerging dialogue. (2007). J Gen Intern Med,22(2), 280 -- 285.
Afilala, J. (n.d.). Frailty in patients with cardiovascular disease: Why, when, and how to measure. (2011). Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep, 5(5), 467 -- 472.
Allen, J.K. (2010). Randomized trials of nursing interventions for secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure: Systematic review.
Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing,25(3), 207-220.
Most of the drug commercials also show the elderly with health concerns and needing help from others. In addition, it is rare to see an elderly contestant on a game show or interviewed on the nightly news, and most commercials star young, healthy, and very vital and attractive young people. When the elderly are featured, it is mostly with health concerns and problems.
Some situation comedies depict the elderly in a better light. For example, in "Everybody Loves Raymond," the two elderly cast members, Peter Boyle and Doris Roberts, are depicted as cranky and eccentric, like many elderly are depicted on TV, but they are also loving, if annoying, parents. They are also funny and warm, and have a mature relationship on the screen. They are funny, but they also add warmth to the show, and great character. It would not seem they were entirely positive, but they certainly are…...
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