Many people have relocated to suburb areas due to smog and congestion that was experienced in the cities.
The interstate road network has brought various negative consequences. It has increased dependence on automobiles, and the ease of traveling on the high-speed roads has led to a drop in the use of mass transport means such as buses and trains. The road construction was very expensive, and the government still spends a lot on maintenance (the Eisenhower interstate highway system, 2007). The highway affected the environment. Many natural habitats had to be destroyed to pave the way for road construction. The interstate road network was also viewed to promote racism. Africa-Americans affected by the road construction view their areas as a target for passing the road. There is increased air pollution because of dependence on the automobile by many people. In general, President Eisenhower decision and motivation to construct the road…...

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References

The Interstate Highway System. (n.d.). Retrieved from  

Eisenhower and 'massive retaliation'
The Doctrine of Massive Retaliation

This doctrine came about due to the fact that then-President Eisenhower wanted to reduce the expenditures that were taking place for the defense of the country (Gilpatric, 136). Since the Doctrine of Massive Retaliation was based largely on the threat of the use of nuclear weapons, the military forces that were needed were fewer, thus reducing the amount that was spent, and causing the defense budget to fall by over 25% during the first two years of the Eisenhower presidency (Schlesinger, 104). The main purpose and goal of the doctrine of massive retaliation was to stop other countries from using any kind of nuclear weapon on the United States. A secondary purpose and goal was to ensure that no other countries took any kind of offensive action toward U.S. interests in other parts of the world, even if these actions were smaller in…...

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Works Cited

Cottrell, Alvin J. (1969). "The Eisenhower Era in Asia," Current History; 86.

Gilpatric, Roswell L. (1965). "Our Defense Needs: The Long View," in Henry Kissinger, editor, Problems of National Strategy. New York: Praeger; 136.

Kaufmann, William W. (1964). The McNamara Strategy. New York: Harper & Row; 25.

Schlesinger, James R. (1965) "Quantitative Analysis and National Security," in Kissinger, Problems of National Strategy. New York: Praeger; 104.

" [footnoteRef:9] This wide rift in ideologies considerably weakened the Republican Party to crisis proportions.[footnoteRef:10] in the 1952 Republican primaries, the "Old Guard" was represented by Senator Robert a. Taft while the moderates were represented by Dwight D. Eisenhower.[footnoteRef:11] With the idea of saving the Republican Party from the extremism of Taft and McCarthy, Eisenhower won the Republican nomination for the 1952 Presidential election and handily beat Adlai Stevenson for the Presidency.[footnoteRef:12] Republican Conservatism was regenerated through the rise of Eisenhower and the moderate wing he represented to premiere national prominence as the New Republicanism[footnoteRef:13] and to the Presidency.[footnoteRef:14] Through actively sought bipartisan cooperation, Eisenhower's administration worked effectively on the domestic front, backing aspects of the New Deal, expanding aspects of Social Security, and working effectively toward desegregation[footnoteRef:15]; meanwhile, Eisenhower also worked effectively in foreign affairs in such countries as Korea, China and the Middle East.[footnoteRef:16] in sum, Eisenhower's and…...

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Bibliography

Cooper, Jr., John Milton. Pivotal Decades: The United States, 1900-1920. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1990.

Hamby, Alonzo. Liberalism and Its Challengers: From F.D.R. To Bush. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Smith, Jean Edward. Eisenhower in War and Peace. New York, NY: Random House, Inc., 2012.

Eisenhower Presidential Years
Dwight David Eisenhower was considered a popular President throughout his two terms in office, and his moderate Republican policies secured him numerous victories in the Democratic majority Congress (Dwight pp). He strengthened established programs, such as Social Security, and launched new ones, such as the Interstate Highway System, which was the single largest public works program in the nation's history (Dwight pp).

During this Cold ar era, Eisenhower often relied on covert action in an effort to avoid taking public responsibility for controversial interventions (Dwight pp). He believed that the Central Intelligence Agency, CIA, was a particularly effective tool to counter Communist expansion and assist friendly governments (Dwight pp). Although he authorized the CIA's use of unsavory tactics, such as assassination and bribes, he maintained denial and carefully concealed all evidence of U.S. involvement (Dwight pp).

ithin six months of taking office, Eisenhower agreed to an armistice that ended three…...

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Work Cited

Dwight David Eisenhower. Retrieved November 01, 2005 from:

http://www.americanpresident.org/history/dwighteisenhower/

Field, Mike. The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower: A Calm And Steady

Leader. Retrieved November 01, 2005 from:

The Soviet threat continued to loom, propelling Eisenhower squarely into a second term. He had endeared himself to the American public as a strong anti-communist president, a decorated war hero who would keep America strong, prosperous, and triumphant.
Eisenhower's fiscal and domestic policies reflected his rather un-epublican belief in social services. Eisenhower expanded the Social Security program, raised the minimum wage, supported low-income housing projects, and created the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Among his most significant domestic legacies was his commissioning of the nationwide highway system. Eisenhower was truly a Car Culture president who helped make American culture into what it is today.

In spite of his support for social programs, Eisenhower failed to become a civil rights leader. He was "at best a tepid supporter of civil rights" who actually opposed school integration (Miller Center of Public Affairs). Eisenhower's stagnation and lack of leadership in this primary area…...

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References

Miller Center of Public Affairs. University of Virginia. Retrieved June 30, 2007 at http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/eisenhower

Simkin, J. "Dwight D. Eisenhower." Spartacus Educational. Retrieved June 30, 2007 at http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAeisenhower.htm#cooliris

Vuono, C.E. & Stone, M.P.W. (1990). Dwight David Eisenhower: The Centennial. Retrieved June 30, 2007 at  http://www.army.mil/cmh/brochures/Ike/ike.htm 

The White House. "Dwight D. Eisenhower." Retrieved June 30, 2007 at  http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/de34.html

Direct Presidential Leadership
It is without question that direct leadership of the President of the United States plays a pivotal role in the tone, pathway and patterns of the United States leadership and its place in the world. Of course, the much of the President's power is offset by the distributing of government power within the three branches of government. However, there are indeed things that the President can do mostly if not entirely on their own and they have a lot of sway with other things even when they cannot act entirely unilaterally. Quite often, powerful Presidents have the backing of at least one (if not both) houses of Congress and this can make it much easier for them to behave and decide in the ways that they want. While this power can be very useful, Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy used such power with varying degrees of success.

Analysis

Eisenhower was…...

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References

History.com. (2015, January 17). Dwight D. Eisenhower. Retrieved January 17, 2015, from  http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/dwight-d-eisenhower 

History.com. (2015, January 17). John F. Kennedy. Retrieved January 17, 2015, from  http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/john-f-kennedy

S. could employ, especially through the use of artillery. All these led to Fredendall losing the respect of his own commanders, to the degree to which they could, at any moment, consider that his orders would not be beneficial for their own divisions.
In firing Fredendall, the most important leadership challenge for Eisenhower was to accept the fact that he had been wrong in appointment Fredendall to such a position for which the qualities he had did not recommend him. In other words, as a good leader, Eisenhower had to accept that he could make mistake, but, on the other hand, minimize the effect that such mistakes could have had on the overall evolution of the war. There is no doubt that Fredendall was named at George Marshall's lobby, but also that Eisenhower fully accepted Fredendall and regarded him as a competent and useful commander. Indeed, he told Marshall that "I…...

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Dwight Eisenhower, History Learning Site, 2009,   last accessed on July 20, 2009http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/dwight_eisenhower.htm 

Ibid.

Steven L., Ossad (March 2003). "Command Failures: Lessons Learned from Lloyd R. Fredendall." Army Magazine.   o "http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3723/is_200303/ai_n9222724 

Another writer notes, "The general who took the gamble to invade Normandy under adverse weather conditions was unlikely to be a passive observer of his own presidency" (Windsor 145). Eisenhower also inspired the American people to trust him, after all, his major campaign slogan was "I Like Ike," which shows that he inspired confidence and trust in the American people, and they believe in him enough to vote for him and led him lead them. All of these traits are traits of a good leader and Fire Starter, a man who inspires confidence and trust, and truly cares about those around him and their opinions.
Both Eisenhower and Studer understand how important leadership can be. Studer developed his theories after a long career in business and medicine, where he saw what worked and what did not work for industry leaders. He developed his theories with experience and understanding, just as…...

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References

Medhurst, Martin J. "Eisenhower's Rhetorical Leadership an Interpretation." Eisenhower's War of Words: Rhetoric and Leadership. Ed. Martin J. Medhurst. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 1994. 287-297.

Studer, Quint. "Twenty 'Sparks' That Help You Move from CEO." StuderGroup.com. 2007. 22 Sept. 2007.  http://www.studergroup.com/dotCMS/knowledgeAssetDetail?inode=105998 

Windsor, Duane. "14 Eisenhower's New Look Reexamined: the View from Three Decades." Dwight D. Eisenhower, Soldier, President, Statesman. Ed. Joann P. Krieg. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. 143-163.

For example, in another article entitled "Eisenhower or Dulles? Who Made the Decisions?" (1979) about Eisenhower's years as president with Dulles, Immerman states that the overwhelming consensus among analysts of United States foreign policy during the Eisenhower administration is that Secretary of State John Foster Dulles was the dominant force. Such writers agree "that Dulles' forceful personality, lengthy preparation, and keen intellect enabled him to control and even manipulate the congenial but bland and passive President Eisenhower." Yet Immerman revisited this argument by looking at public records from the time, journalism reports and appraisals of those who were in President Eisenhower's inner circle either in the White House or State Department. In addition, he reread the Whitman File in the Eisenhower Library that contains thousands of transcript pages of the president's daily phone conversations, formal and informal meeting minutes, memoranda and other written communications, as well as Eisenhower's private…...

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References

Brendon, P. (1986). Ike: His Life and Times. New York: Harper and Row

Ganoe, W.A. (1962). MacArthur Close-Up: Much Then and Some Now. New York: Vantage.

Greenstein, F.I. Dwight D. Eisenhower. 8 September 2007  http://www.presidentprofiles.com/Grant-Eisenhower/Eisenhower-Dwight-D.html 

Holsti, O.R. (1974-75). "Will the real Dulles Please stand up," International Journal 30, 34-44.

Leadership
United States had been involved with the world affairs from 18th century to the present and its most prominent role was during the pre-world war era and post-world war affairs of the world.

Particularly when President Dwight Eisenhower and John Kennedy ruled, the economic prosperity of the United States began to grow on a vast scale. Their eras were considered the most successful era for United States in relation to economic prosperity. President Eisenhower and Kennedy ruled United States from 1953 to 1961 and 1961 to 1963. In their time of governance, United States took a revolutionary step in bringing change in the way people brought up lives in America (Moss & George, 2010). These Democrats controlled Congress for a period however; they could not pass liberal legislations due to the enforcements of Conservative Coalition.

The involvement of United States with worldly affairs in the light of President Eisenhower and Kennedy can…...

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References

Bush, G.W. (2001). Public paper of the presidents of the United States. Chicago: Government Printing Office.

Moss, & George. (2010). Vietnam: An American Ordeal. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Shapiro, R.Y., Kumar, M.J., & Jacobs, L.R. (2000). Presidential Power. New York, NY [u.a.]: Columbia Univ. Press.

Evolution of U.S. oreign Policy under Presidents Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon towards the Soviet Union
oreign Policy towards the Soviet Union under Presidents Truman through to Nixon (1945-1974) was characterized by the "Cold War" -- a period of heightened tension between the two 'super powers' of the world. Even while being constrained by the compulsions of the 'Cold War,' the relations between the two countries gradually evolved into a less hostile association under successive U.S. Presidents in this period.

Harry Truman who became the U.S. President towards the end of World War II was the architect of the policy of containment of the Communism, led by the Soviet Union, around the world enshrined in the 'Truman Doctrine.' He was also instrumental in establishing a strong Western alliance called NATO in Europe that checked Soviet designs beyond Eastern Europe. Eisenhower continued with his predecessors' policy of "containment" without direct confrontation…...

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Foreign Policy towards the Soviet Union under Presidents Truman through to Nixon (1945-1974) was characterized by the "Cold War" -- a period of heightened tension between the two 'super powers' of the world. Even while being constrained by the compulsions of the 'Cold War,' the relations between the two countries gradually evolved into a less hostile association under successive U.S. Presidents in this period.

Harry Truman who became the U.S. President towards the end of World War II was the architect of the policy of containment of the Communism, led by the Soviet Union, around the world enshrined in the 'Truman Doctrine.' He was also instrumental in establishing a strong Western alliance called NATO in Europe that checked Soviet designs beyond Eastern Europe. Eisenhower continued with his predecessors' policy of "containment" without direct confrontation with the Soviet Union. While he extended U.S. aid and protection to South Vietnam to prevent it from being over-run by the Communists, he did not intervene when the U.S.S.R. crushed an uprising in Hungary in 1956 to avoid a nuclear confrontation. President Kennedy displayed great courage to force the Soviet Union from deploying nuclear weapons in Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1961 but later signed a limited nuclear test ban treaty with the U.S.S.R., which cooled down the Cold War temperature somewhat. President Johnson, though bogged down by the escalating Vietnam War, sought to improve relations with the Soviet Union and managed to attain its co-operation in containing the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. Finally, Nixon pursued a policy of detente (based on "realist" rather than "moral" principles) in the 1970s and developed more cordial relations with the Soviet Union. This resulted in signing of important anti-ballistic missile (ABM) and SALT treaties between the two super-powers and lowered the Cold War tensions.

As we saw in this essay, the relations between the U.S. And the U.S.S.R. were by no means static in the post World War II period until the mid-seventies. Although involved in an intense ideological struggle during the Cold War, they managed to avoid direct confrontation and even improved their relations. This was owed in no small measure to the wise foreign policy of the U.S. presidents from Truman down to Nixon.

The U.S. supported the Thieu regime in an election so fraudulent all opponents withdrew.
The war officially ended in 1973; Nixon resigned in 1974 so did no t preside over the rout of the South Vietnamese in 1975 when the North took over the entire country.

Results for America:

One and a half million counted dead in Indochina, 58,000 of whom were Americans. Millions maimed. Over 500,000 refugees.

Between 1965 and 1971, the U.S. spent $120 billion dollars on the war directly, but other costs raised the tally to a pricey $400 billion.

Emotionally, the U.S. military was exhausted and depleted, no longer the superpower it was assumed; likewise, the American people were depleted and exhausted, although much of it was in relation to their leadership; seriously wounded the U.S. psyche.

Major trends:

Anti-colonial sentiment in America was at a crucial crossroads in the United States governmental policy at this time; economic strongholds overseas and fear…...

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However, protecting democracy came with the positive outcome of suppressing the communist bloc that would come to define American politics until 1989 and the end of the Cold War. While the spread and protection of democracy was encouraged and a true conviction, the added bonus of the threat to communism spurred the American military to capture the minds of as many American leaders as possible (Eisenhower included).

1: Commitment to France, where troubles in the Indochina region were threatening social stability at home. Marshall plan connections to Europe, and a sincere desire to maintain allied with the French (responsibility, guilt for waiting on intervening in the European conflicts, general interest in this democratic former power) encouraged the United States to empower the French as much as possible in their pursuit.

After WWII, France tried to re-establish control over Vietnam. In January 1946, Britain agreed to remove her troops, and later that year, China left in exchange for a promise she would give up her rights to territory in China. Emperor Bao Dai went into exile in Hong Kong in March, 1946. After signing an accord recognizing Vietnamese national unity within the French Union, he was allowed to return in June, 1948; the French

Kennedy recognizes the need to establish a bond with all the South American leaders, thereby isolating Chavez-Chavez politically as ineffective leader in South America. Kennedy perceived the Third orld in terms of the "national military establishment," and vulnerable to the manipulations of the Soviet Union (Schwab, Orrin, 1998, 1). Kennedy had already gone around with Cuba, and did not wish to repeat his mistakes in Venezuela, but he also had no intention of surrendering Venezuela to the Soviet Union in the way in which Cuba had been surrendered before him.
President Kennedy saw South American diplomacy as the route to turning Venezuela away from bonding with the Soviet Union. He recognized that he could not alienate the rest of South America from the United States, or that would drive them into the sphere of Venezuela's influence over them towards the Soviet Union.

Kennedy calls a meeting with Chavez-Chavez, in private, with…...

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Works Cited

Brown, Seyom. Faces of Power. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=100986354 

Clark, General Wesley K. Waging Modern War: Bosnia, Kosovo, and the Future of Combat. New York: Public Affairs, 2001. Questia. 15 Nov. 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=100986356 .

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=65362550

DeConde, Alexander. A History of American Foreign Policy. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1963. Questia. 15 Nov. 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=65362550 .

C. with interest 4 1/2 per cent.
To further arouse compassion, he includes the personal detail about his parents:

"I owe $3,500 to my parents and the interest on that loan which I pay regularly, because it's the part of the savings they made through the years they were working so hard, I pay regularly 4 per cent interest."

. He calls himself "a man of modest means" adding that Abraham Lincoln said: "God must have loved the common people -- "he made so many of them." Nixon, inother words, refers to himself as a 'common'man.

In Paragraph 4, he abuses his opponent commiting the as hominem fallacy i.e. attemtpting to negate the truth of a claim by pointing out negative characteristics or beliefs of the person supporting it.

And now I'm going to suggest some courses of conduct. First of all, you have read in the papers about other funds now. Mr. Stevenson, apparently,…...

As a reader, the setting descriptions that the author used created an atmosphere of being "present" during the war. he maps used have helped the reader follow the warriors and deal with the facts surrounding the U.S. war with Mexico. he book really represents its era, as it is today, when it comes to the political and military problems and the relationship of the two countries.

he denouement of the plot happened, when at last, the reaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed on February 2, 1848 by American diplomat Nicholas rist. he United States was given undisputed control of exas and established the U.S.-Mexican border of the Rio Grande River. he present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah and parts of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming were ceded to the United States. Mexico received $15,000,000 which is less than half the amount the United States had attempted to offer Mexico before…...

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The denouement of the plot happened, when at last, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed on February 2, 1848 by American diplomat Nicholas Trist. The United States was given undisputed control of Texas and established the U.S.-Mexican border of the Rio Grande River. The present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah and parts of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming were ceded to the United States. Mexico received $15,000,000 which is less than half the amount the United States had attempted to offer Mexico before the war had begun. The $3.25 million debts that the Mexican government owed to the United States citizens were also assumed by the United States.

What if the United States did not colonize Mexico, would there be another nation to take charge? As Mexico has gained its independence as a republic in the years after 1836, it established diplomatic ties with Britain, France, and the United States. Nearly during those years, there was an existing political dispute between the United States and Britain over the Oregon territorial boundary. Although the United States has succeeded on conquering almost 40% of its territory, not all of the Americans were in favor of what had happened. One of the country's great men, then Lieutenant Ulysses Grant, who became the 18th President of the United States, also served in the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) under Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott. He was a genius and keen observer of the war as he has learned to judge the actions of colonels and generals. As written on his memoirs, he admitted that the war against Mexico was one of the most unjust ever waged by a stronger against a weaker nation. This was just a clear indication that, aside from the citizens' belief on the Manifest Destiny, considering the territorial dispute with another super power nation (Britain), the United States did the conquest primarily because of concerns that Britain might also attempt to occupy the area.

As you have finished reading the book, your thinking will be greatly influenced by the central idea of the book - the motives of each belligerent party; how they stood for what they believe and ought to achieve; the call for personal agenda; and the discovery of unsung injustice. This is somewhat a call from the author, as he stated in the introduction that this time should not be "relegated to the attic of memory."

1. Maximizing Productivity with a Calendar System

    Exploring how a calendar can help students manage their time effectively at school.

2. The Benefits of Time Blocking in School Organization

    Examining how time blocking on a calendar can enhance organization and time management.

3. Utilizing Calendars for Better Task Prioritization at School

    Discussing how calendars can assist students in prioritizing tasks to stay organized.

4. Enhancing Time Management Skills Through Calendar Usage

    Explaining the role of calendars in improving students time management skills in a school setting.

5. The Connection Between School Success and Calendar Management

    Analyzing how effective calendar usage can contribute to academic success and organization.

6. Integrating Calendar....

1. The Siege of Central High: The Little Rock Nine's Ordeal

2. Echoes of Hatred: The Little Rock Nine's Battle Against Bigotry

3. A Mob's Fury: The Little Rock Nine's Journey Through Hell

4. The Walls of Segregation: Little Rock Nine's Confrontation with Hate