Unfortunately, there is great controversy in the debate over educational testing. This especially revolves around SAT scores, and other standardized tests that many believe are placing students at a disadvantage. Recently, SAT scores declined significantly, which made many in power to blame schools as providing inefficient educational programs. As a result, many states began increasing the number of tests and their weight in terms of school funding as a way to entice schools to achieve better scores. Essentially, some believe that standardized tests are not the most accurate ways to measure intelligence and student achievement. Many students do not perform well on tests, and research shows there may be a clear racial bias in regards to cultural elements not translating well into a standardized test methodology.

Despite loosing some power over the last few decades, parents do still have a number of choices in terms of their children's educations. Parents may…...

strongly disagree neutral agree strongly agree N/A

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2. The skills that I have acquired through my education are put to good use in my current position.

strongly disagree neutral agree strongly agree N/A

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3. The skills that I have acquired through my education are put to good use in my current field.

4. I receive proper financial compensation for my level of educational attainment.

strongly disagree neutral agree strongly agree N/A

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5. I have a clear path toward advancement in my organization that is commensurate with my level of educational attainment.

strongly disagree neutral agree strongly agree N/A

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6. I am receiving the training and support from my organization necessary to continue my professional education.

strongly disagree neutral agree strongly agree N/A

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7. My organization supports or participates in certification, training and/or professional education programs.

strongly disagree neutral agree strongly agree N/A

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8. My current work satisfies my professional ambitions as a function of my level of educational attainment.

strongly disagree neutral agree…...

families on the educational attainments of the individuals. For this purpose, a social research interview was conducted and the response of the interviewee is taken as a base for making conclusions about the issue at hand.
Family has an influential impact on the educational attainments of an individual. It is a widely supported fact that if the individuals want to give an effective performance in their educational life then they must have complete support of their families, especially their parents. With the change in the structures and functions of the family in the contemporary times, the role played by the families in the educational attainment has somewhat changed but families still have great impact on the educational life of an individual. (Wilson, n.d.)

In order to analyze the impact of family on the educational attainments of individuals a social research interview was conducted. The interviewee was a college student. He was…...

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References

Desforges, C. And Abouchaar, A. (2003). The Impact of Parental Involvement, Parental Support and Family Education on Pupil Achievements and Adjustment: A Literature Review. Alberta: Queen's Printer.   [Accessed: 19 Jun 2013].http://bgfl.org/bgfl/custom/files_uploaded/uploaded_resources/18617/Desforges.pdf 

Gorard, S., See, B. And Davies, P. (2012). The impact of attitudes and aspirations on educational attainment and participation. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.   [Accessed: 19 Jun 2013].http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/education-young-people-parents-full.pdf 

Palmer, M. (2009). Long-term Effects of Parents' Education on Children's Educational and Occupational Success: Mediation by Family Interactions, Child Aggression, and Teenage Aspirations. Bethesda: National Center for Biotechnology Information.   / [Accessed: 19 Jun 2013].http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2853053 

Wilson, R. (n.d.). Families Matter: The Impact of Families on Academic Achievement. Lexington: University of Kentucky.   [Accessed: 19 Jun 2013].http://www.familyimpactseminars.org/s_nmfis05ppt_rww.pdf 

1)
Summary and Conclusion

The community and church have a primary role to play in mitigating the negative effects of family poverty of the educational attainment and outcomes of children from these low-socioeconomic families. As demonstrated in the work of McLanahan and Garfinkel (2001) most parents at the time their children are born express a desire to raise their children together however, this many times does not happen. The church and community stand in a unique position to empower and enable these parents to do just this through provision of support in the way of resources and assisting the supervision of these children while parents work to move themselves and their children out of the poverty bracket and into a position that brightens the potential outcomes for their children and themselves. It is not the suggestion of this writer that members of the community and church should necessarily dig into their own…...

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Bibliography

Bladen, Jo, and McNally, Sally (2006) Mind the Gap: Child Poverty and Educational Attainment. Poverty 123, Winter 2006.

Chaikind, Stephen (1985) The Effects of Short-Term and Long-Term Poverty on Educational Attainment of Children. ERIC Digest. ED296017.

Danziger, Sheldon, and Haveman, Robert H. (2002) Understanding Poverty. Harvard University Press 2002.

Ferguson, HB, Bovaird, S. And Mueller, MP (2007) The Impact of Poverty on Educational Outcomes for Children. Paediatr Child Health 2007. October, 12(8):701-706.

(Renchler, 1993)
Datcher-Loury researched a set of black children belonging to low income families from three regions to find out whether variations in educational performance were due to variation in behavior and attitudes within the families. Focused on the outcomes of the student's achievement on reading and math exams and also on the interviews with and examination of the mothers of the children; Datcher-Loury arrived at the decision that variations in family behavior and attitudes of course had huge and vital long-term impacts on the educational performance of children. From these outcomes, Datcher-Loury recommends that the programs concentrated at changing parental attitudes might be helpful in assisting to surmount the impact of economic shortcoming on the academic achievement on children. (Renchler, 1993) research undertaken by Judith Anderson and others demonstrated the association between poverty at public school and achievement of students among eighth graders, concentrating on the most poor schools…...

Included in life skills are such as the ability to manage personal finances, the ability to manage a household, the ability to care for personal needs, and awareness of safety as well as many other life skills including citizenship and leisure activities.
Findings & Conclusion

In the United States and the United Kingdom, governmental assistance to special needs students in education is seen as the answer to making appropriate educational provisions for these students with disabilities. The view of the World Health Organization to developing countries is quite different however; this may be based on the cultural barriers to education for special needs students in the developing countries.

Recommendations

Recommendations arising from this brief study and proposal for research include a recommendation that research be conducted for the purpose of determining what governmental aids and supports can be made for special needs students in education to provide them with the most appropriate and…...

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Bibliography

Brolin, D.E. (1989). Life Centered Career Education: A Competency Based Approach (3rd ed.). Reston, VA: The Council for Exceptional Children.

Edgar. G. (1988). Employment as an outcome for mildly handicapped students: Current status and future direction. Focus on Exceptional Children 21(1), 1-8 (EJ380199).

Goodship, Joan M. (1990) Life Skills Mastery for Students with Special Needs. ERIC Digest #E469.

Minority Students in Special and Gifted Education (2002) National Research Council U.S. Committee on Minority Representation in Special Education. National Academies Press 2002.

Immigration in America
Education is important in American society because it is a pathway by which success is achieved. The traditional theories that attempt to explain academic success can be divided into various groups, such as deficit thinking, which suggests that the reasons one succeeds or does not succeed are found within the person; other theories are based on economic conditions, social conditions, or a combination of both. Then there are also theories that look at the role of the method of education that is used and its function in academic success. These theories highlight the role that various factors play in whether one is successful or not in academics -- in short, all of them shed light on parts of the issue but individually, they all come up a bit short in explaining the whole phenomenon. Thus, it is important to take critical approaches to the idea, and to look…...

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Works Cited

Higley, John. Immigration and the Financial Crisis. UK: Edward Elgar Limited, 2015.

Print.

Lee, Jennifer; Zhou, Min. The Asian-American Achievement Paradox. NY: Russell

Sage, 2015. Print.

Strehorn states that:
To begin, I try to design a syllabus/course outline that is not only readable, but something that will be utilized more than once per semester (the first day!). This document, aside from basic course information (names and dates), emphasizes my expectation that all students must accept responsibility for their own learning as well as my flexibility in teaching style. I try to make the course syllabus available on disk, and it is always useful to have a clear, legible copy that can be blown-up, or scanned if needed."

Question Four:

What kinds of materials or activities has the teacher used with success with English learners?

Answer: Strehorn states that materials used are: Dictionaries and thesauruses, audio tapes of each class period, books on tape, additional reading/reference sources, study guides, support information, sample problems however, it is not so much the fact in the type of the materials that Streehorn uses…...

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Bibliography

Strehorn, Kregg C. (2004) the Application of Universal Instructional Design to ESL Teaching [at] yahoo.com Universidad Cat lica de Temuco (Temuco, Chile) [Online available at  http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Strehorn-UID.html 

Education Teaching Methods - ESL

These researchers define poverty based on different thresholds and determine the child poverty rates resulting from these thresholds. The researchers found that in the three years studied, about 5.7 per cent of all Australian children were poor in all three years of the study, and this represented between 28 and 41 per cent of those in poverty in the first year. The study also suggested that there may be differences in the characteristics of families of children in persistent poverty and those in poverty in only one of the three years, with the families in persistent poverty representing the greatest problem to be addressed in any reduction effort.
However, as Bradbury (1999) states, the industrialized nations of the world have been more successful in reducing poverty among the aged, but in many countries the last two decades there has been a re-emergence of child poverty. ates vary widely, but evidence…...

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References

Abello, a. & Harding, a., 2004, the Dynamics of Child Poverty in Australia, Discussion Paper no. 60, University of Canberra,   of Canberra, Canberra, Australia]http://www.natsem.canberra.edu.au/pubs/dps/dp60/dp60.html .[University

Barrile, S., 2993, May, Managing successfully... managing diversity, Business 11(2), pp. 5-7.

Bradbury, B., 1999, Spring/Summer, Child poverty across the industrialized world, Family Matters 54, pp.65-69.

Connell, R.W. & White, V. (1988). Citation missing.

woman's rights were little recognized. As a creative source of human life, she was confined to the home as a wife and mother. Moreover, she was considered intellectually, emotionally and spiritually inferior to man (Compton's 1995), even wicked, as in the case of mythical Pandora, who let loose plagues and misery in a box. This was the early concept of woman in the West as an adjunct to man, although the woman in the East was not without property and individual rights and freedoms. Just the same, a woman was subject to man and could not own property, could not remarry and boys were preferred to girls. ut when allowed some rights, such as during the Middle Ages, a woman proved what she could achieve. A woman from an aristocratic family or line, for example, possessed power and prestige like a man in her class. England's Queen Elizabeth in…...

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Bibliography

Barry, Ursula. Gender Issues and the Irish National Employment Action Plan. Final Report. Women's Education Research and Resource Centre. Dublin:University College, 2000. (accessed 15:05:03). http://www2.umist.ac.uk/management/ewerc/egge/egge_publications/lrl_Napev.pdf

Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia. Women's History in America. News Media, Inc., 1995. (accessed 15:05:03)

 http://www.wic.org/misc/history.htm 

Evans, Karen. Overcome Barriers to Women's Technical Education. The Commonwealth of Learning, 1995. (accessed 15:05:03).  http://www.col.org/barriers.htm

High School Dual Programs
Current social, political, and cultural concerns have hastened the call for high school reform and have intensified an interest in producing high school graduates that are college ready (Kuo, 2010). Competition from up-and-coming economies such as China and India have challenged traditional American economic world dominance and are forcing policy makers to be concerned about making substantive changes in the educational system (Kuo, 2010). However, when positive attempts are made to reform high schools, they often are not sustained due to the fact that the people who initiated the changes moved on and the system reverted back to the way it was prior to the reform effort (Hamann, 2005). Thus, there is the need for wider-ranging changes in education.

Twenty-first century educational reform efforts will need to address three emerging issues related to the American educational system: globalization, the continuity of the system, and the wasted senior year.…...

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References

Cohen, J.S., & Smerdon, B.A. (2009). Tightening the dropout tourniquet: Easing the transition from middle to high school. Washington D.C: New America Foundation.

Cooper, M.A. (2009). Dreams deferred? The relationship between early and later postsecondary educational aspirations among racial/ethnic groups. Educational Policy, 23, 615-649.

Domina, T. & Ruzek, E (2010). Paving the way: K-16 partnerships for higher education diversity and high school reform. Educational Policy, 26(2), 243-267.

Hamann, E.T. (2005). Systemic high school reform in two states: The serendipity of state-level action. The High School Journal, 89(1), 1-17.

SHOTENED TITLE IN ALL CAPS CANDIDACY PAPE DAFT 15Candidacy Paper DraftTimothy . FaustCollege of EducationJuly 31, 2024unning head: CANDIDACY PAPE DAFT 1Geographic Determinants of Educational Attainment: Examining the Academic Trajectories of Young Black Males in ChicagoAbstractThis research study focuses on how the geographical location within Chicago influences academic and life outcomes for young Black males. The study is informed by initial findings (Hackett et al., 2018) that suggest significant disparities based on locationNorth, South, and West sides of Chicago. This research integrates qualitative data from school principals from Chicago Public Schools (CPS) (North: Taft High School, Lakeview High School; South:Corliss High School, Julian High School; West: Wells High School, Collins High School) aiming to explore systemic factors that contribute to these disparities.IntroductionHistorical Context and Systemic IssuesHistorical ContextChicago has long been recognized as one of the most racially segregated cities in the United States. This segregation is not a relic of…...

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ReferencesAnderson, J. D. (1988). The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Baker, B. D., Sciarra, D. G., & Farrie, D. (2018). Is school funding fair? A national report card. Education Law Center. Retrieved from   C. (2018). A guide to qualitative field research. SAGE Publications.Bell, D. A. (1980). Brown v. Board of Education and the Interest-Convergence Dilemma. Harvard Law Review, 93(3), 518-533.Bell, D. A. (1992). Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism. Basic Books.Bloomberg, L.D. (2023). Completing your qualitative dissertation: A road map from beginning to end. SAGE Publications, Inc.Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Harvard University Press.Crawford, M. (2020). Ecological Systems theory: Exploring the development of the theoretical framework as con-ceived by Bronfenbrenner. J Pub Health Issue Pract, 4(2), 170.Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), 139-167.Darling-Hammond, L. (2010). The Flat World and Education New York: Teachers College Press.Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2017). Critical Race Theory: An Introduction. New York: New York University Press.Ferguson, A. A. (2000). Bad Boys: Public Schools in the Making of Black Masculinity. University of Michigan Press.Gibson, J. (2017). Why Nobody Wants to Teach Black Kids: Beyond Blaming Bad Teachers, Traditional Racism, and Black Students Themselves. Kitabu Publishing.Hackett, E. M., Ponterotto, J. G., Zusho, A., & Jackson, M. A. (2018). Rising Out of the Gap: Early Adolescent Black Males and Academic Success. Qualitative Report, 23(10).Harris, C. I. (1993). Whiteness as Property. Harvard Law Review, 106(8), 1707-1791.Kozol, J. (1991). Savage Inequalities: Children in America\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Schools. New York: Crown Publishing Group.Ladson-Billings, G. (1995). Toward a Theory of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy. American Educational Research Journal, 32(3), 465-491.Lipman, P. (2011). The new political economy of urban education: Neoliberalism, race, and the right to the city. Routledge.Morsy, L., & Rothstein, R. (2019). Toxic Stress and Children\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Outcomes: African American Children Growing up Poor Are at Greater Risk of Disrupted Physiological Functioning and Depressed Academic Achievement. Economic Policy Institute.  https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED598149.pdf National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). (2024). Public school revenue sources. Retrieved from  https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/cma/public-school-revenue Noguera, P. A. (2008). The Trouble with Black Boys: And Other Reflections on Race, Equity, and the Future of Public Education. Jossey-Bass.Orfield, G., & Lee, C. (2005). Why Segregation Matters: Poverty and Educational Inequality. The Civil Rights Project at Harvard University.Ravitch, D. (2010). The death and life of the great American school system: How testing and choice are undermining education. Basic Books.Rothstein, R. (2017). The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America. Liveright Publishing.Saldaña, J. (2015). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. 3rd Ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.Seidman, I. (2019). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education & the social sciences. 5th Ed. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.Sharkey, P. (2013). Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress toward Racial Equality. University of Chicago Press.Small, D. (2020, January). The hidden curriculum in public schools and its disadvantage to minority students. In International Forum of Teaching and Studies (Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 16-24). American Scholars Press, Inc.Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52(6), 613-629.https://edlawcenter.org/assets/files/pdfs/publications/Is_School_Funding_Fair_7th_Editi.pdf Bailey,

Educational Planning and Economics: How the needs of looked after children can be addressed through non-formal and formal education.
There are current trends in non-formal educational processes that allows for interesting, unique and relevant work within the educational environment that could likely lead to enhanced short-term educational opportunities for impoverished and/or at-risk students. Additional long-term benefits including; increased levels of societal education, higher incomes, better living conditions, a less impoverished lifestyle and a society that benefits with the input of the individuals who receive the education are also realistic results from a study such as the one being proposed.

A recent study determined that young orphan girls receiving psycho-social support helped in keeping the intervention group in school (n= 184) and that the girls comprising the intervention group were less likely to drop out of school (5%), had higher educational aspirations, higher expectations concerning the future, a more equitable attitude towards…...

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References

Holfors, D.D.; Rusakaniko, S.; Hyusan, C.; Mapfumo, J.; (2011) Supporting adolescent orphan girls to stay in school as HIV risk prevention: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Zimbabwe, American Journal of Public Health (in press)

Mhaka-Mutepfa, M. (2010) Types of services for children infected and affected by HIV and AIDS: Results and implications of a Zimbabwean study, International Journal of Psychology and Counseling, Vol. 2, Issue 6, pp. 100-106

Mualuko, N.J. (2008) Empowering out of school youth through non-formal education in Kenya, Educational Research and Review, Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 56-60

attainment of a desired research goal is to develop a scientific approach toward the situation, event, occurrence, or phenomenon being investigated. As such no research question can be answered by way of gathering and analyzing data if first investigative issue is not stated in testable terms or form. Once a research investigator has established and properly formatted the specific research design to be used to investigate and test a desired phenomenon attention can be given to the required method of data collection. On the basis of the method chosen the researcher will be permitted to draw the necessary conclusions from the data statistically analyzed. Should a research investigator not choose the best-fit method of data collection then any inferences drawn from the data analysis are subject to a tremendous amount of error and inaccuracy. In order to avoid data error and inaccuracy the research investigator must give particular attention…...

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References

Furguson, George A. (1966). Statistical Analysis in Psychology and Education. New York:

McGraw-Hill.

Kerlinger, Fred (1964). Foundations of Behavioral Research. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

Ohlson, E.L. (1998). Best-Fit Statistical Practices. Chicago: ACTS Testing Labs.

A significant amount of the early cross-sectional studies with the DI examined the developmental indexes of age and education (Rest, et al., 1999). Based on this prior research resulting in 5,714 participants, Rest (1979) reported that the typical DI score increases every time the level of education increases. In fact the author concluded that Moral judgment was more highly correlated to education than was age. As such, with prior research as a foundation involving large samples of adults, it is logical to anticipate that DI P scores will be drastically and completely linked to education.

In their study, Rest et al. (1997) studied moral judgment by comparing a composite sample of 992 students at different education levels. hese education levels included junior high, senior high, and college students in the United States and indicated that education is positively correlated with DI scores.

Additionally Bay (2001) conducted a study involving 45 undergraduate business…...

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Taking from Maharishi Vedic Science, the Unified Field chart described above asserts that because pure consciousness, the home of all the Laws of Nature, is the most fundamental level of all material creation, including human psychology development, the integration of pure consciousness into all aspects of the individual should maintain the moral development. This phenomenon is confirmed in previous research studies on the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programs. This section describes another chart, called a Richo Akshare chart, which provides further illumination of this phenomenon.

In Maharishi Vedic Science, Richo Akshare charts show how the essence of all the disciplines of modern science are located within the structure of the Richo Akshare verse of Rk Veda. Maharishi (1995) explains that the fundamental Laws of Nature comming from the self-interacting dynamics of consciousness are accountable for the whole material creation.

According to Maharishi (1997), the Richo Akshare verse explains that all knowledge exists in Transcendental Consciousness, the Unified Field of all the Laws of Nature, responsible for everything in the universe. Individuals who lack access to Transcendental Consciousness do not get support from the Laws of Nature. Those who can practice Transcendental Consciousness gain enlightenment and full supported by Nature Law.

Teen pregnancy is a complex topic that can relate to a variety of other topics, making it possible to include body paragraphs that touch on everything from child sexual abuse to educational attainment by teen mothers.  That is because teen pregnancy does not generally exist in a vacuum, but is the result of a combination of varied social factors including race, socioeconomic status, religious affiliation, educational level, and residency.

Some topics that you could include in a body paragraph in a teen pregnancy essay include:

1. The relationship between religious practices and teen pregnancy rates; are teenage girls....

Homelessness: A Social Crisis and Human Tragedy

Introduction:

Homelessness, a multifaceted issue that plagues countless lives, demands urgent attention and comprehensive understanding. It is a complex phenomenon with far-reaching consequences, affecting physical and mental health, socioeconomic well-being, and the stability of communities. This essay explores a range of topics related to homelessness, delving into its causes, effects, and potential solutions.

Topic 1: Causes of Homelessness

Socioeconomic factors: Poverty, unemployment, lack of affordable housing
Personal factors: Mental illness, substance abuse, domestic violence
Systemic factors: Inadequate social support systems, discriminatory housing practices

Topic 2: Effects of Homelessness

Physical health: Increased risk of chronic diseases, malnutrition, injuries
....

I. Introduction
A. Background information on gender inequality in education
B. Thesis statement: Gender inequities in education persist, leading to disparities in opportunities and outcomes for individuals of different genders.

II. Gender Disparities in Access to Education
A. Differences in enrollment rates between boys and girls
B. Barriers to education faced by girls, such as cultural norms and economic constraints
C. Impact of gender disparities on educational attainment and future opportunities

III. Gender Stereotypes in Education
A. Stereotypical beliefs about gender roles and abilities in academics
B. Influence of gender stereotypes on teacher expectations and classroom dynamics
C. Consequences of stereotyping on students' self-esteem and academic performance

IV. Gender Inequities in....

Outlining an Essay on Gender Inequities in Education

I. Introduction
- Define gender inequities in education and state the thesis statement, which should argue the existence and significance of gender-based disparities in educational opportunities and outcomes.

II. Historical Context and Causes
- Discuss the historical roots of gendered expectations and norms in education.
- Examine societal factors, cultural beliefs, and institutional practices that have perpetuated these inequities.
- Analyze the impact of economic inequalities, access to resources, and social biases on educational attainment.

III. Manifestations of Gender Inequities
- Describe the various ways in which gender inequities ??????????? ? ???????????.
- Provide statistics and evidence to support claims regarding....