Education Policy
Reading First is a new grant program proposed by President Bush and endorse as part of the 2001 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. The new program is part of Title I Part B, along with the Reading First program, which is focused on students in kindergarten through third grade.
Reading First provides competitive grants directly to the local level to improve the reading readiness of preschool age children. The funds are targeted to communities with high awareness of low-income families and communities in which there are high numbers of children not reading at grade level. The grants will be used to support the development of pre-reading development (including oral language skills) and professional development for teachers in research-based instructional approach. The program will support staff and children in child care, Head Start, school-based and family literacy settings.
Evidence has been gathered for a number of years that many…...
More recently, the student (and parent) demonstrations against desegregation in several southern American states after the Brown V. Board of Education decision in 1954 demonstrated how much students absorb perception and form fundamental beliefs by social learning.
That is not to say that social learning should not occur within the realm of education; in fact, it is inevitable and unavoidable that it would. The issue is that education systems must be insulated from the undue influence of specific beliefs and philosophies. The purpose of modern education must be provide students with the best possible opportunities to explore their interests and abilities and to become productive members of society in the way that best matches those interests. Because one of the most important goals of modern education is (or should be) to encourage intellectual independence and objectivity, educators have an ethical responsibility to refrain from injecting any personal beliefs or perspectives…...
mlaSources Consulted
Einstein, A. (1955). Ideas and Opinions. New York: Crown Publishing.
Feldman, N. (2005). Divided by God: America's Church and State Problem and What
We Should Do about It. New York: Farrar, Straus, & Giroux.
Mooney, C. (2005). The Republican War on Science. New York: Basic Books.
According to agan (and many others since his passing), the constitutional requirements that all religions be regarded equally is a perfectly appropriate social policy, but the continued deference to religious beliefs (in general) over strictly rational beliefs as an educational policy directly undermines the specific goal of teaching students to think logically and scientifically. In their view, the numerous recent attempts by various states to circumvent constitutional prohibitions against teaching religious values in schools only demonstrates how susceptible educational policy goals and objectives are to extraneous influence from inappropriate sources (Feldman, 2005; Mooney, 2005).
Admittedly, identifying the optimal educational policy goals and objectives (at least outside of the most general ones) is a tremendously complex proposition. That is largely because it encompasses so many different variables and their respective interrelation. However, in the broadest sense, at least the first step toward establishing the most beneficial possible educational policy goals and…...
mlaSources Consulted
Caillier, J. (2007). "No Child Left Behind Act: Are States on Target to Make Their
Goals?" Journal of Negro Education. Retrieved September 12, 2010, from:
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3626/is_200710/ai_n25139930/pg_10
Darling-Hammond, L. "NCLB Implementation Challenges: The Local Superintendent's
School Voucher System
WHY WAS IT WRITTEN?
Proponents - believe voucher systems increase parent choice regarding school attendance for their children. (AFT, accessed 2002b).
Opponents - voucher systems do not give parents full choice - they are limited by size of tuition and fact that private and parochial schools can choose their students and may not admit the child in question
AFT Position - Supports the right to use private schools; opposes the use of public funds to help pay for it.
Reasons (AFT, accessed 2002b):
That money could go to public schools that are available to all children
That public school is essential to democracy
That public schools are more accountable to taxpayers than private or parochial ones
That private and parochial schools often pick their students in biased ways
That voucher systems do not improve student education
D. What research shows improves educational outcomes (AFT, accessed 2002b)
reducing class size
using best practices to teach
II. WHAT VALUES DOES IT ENDORSE?
A. This…...
mlaBibliography
American Federation of Teachers (AFT). "Charter Schools." AFT on the issues. Accessed via the Internet 12/28/02. http://www.aft.org/issues/charterschools.html
American Federation of Teachers (AFT). "The Many Names of School Vouchers." Vouchers. Accessed via the Internet 12/28/02. http://www.aft.org/Edissues/schoolchoice/Index.htm
American Federation of Teachers (AFT). 2001. "Voucher Home Page Reports." AFT over Privatization. March. Accessed via the Internet 12/28/02. http://www.aft.org/research/vouchers/
Ives, Nancy. 2001. "McCain Introduces School Choice Legislation." John McCain, U.S. Senator - Arizona. April 5. Accessed via the Internet 12/28/02. http://mccain.senate.gov
This comparative analysis contrasts Rhode Island and Florida, on the one hand, with South Carolina on the other. Variables used in the comparative analysis include political culture, geography, voting policies, citizen referendums, and policy outcomes.
II. Comparative Analysis: State
Political Culture
Political culture refers to norms, attitudes, and beliefs “about the functions and expectations of the government,” (“State Political Culture,” n.d.). Demographics have a strong bearing on political culture, as political culture is often an extension of other cultural variables. The most common model for classifying American political cultures is the Elazar model. The Elazar model proposes three types of political culture: the moralistic, individualistic, and traditionalistic. Using the Elazar model, South Carolina and Florida are classified as traditionalistic, whereas Rhode Island is classified as individualistic (“State Political Culture,” n.d.).
Geographic Areas
According to the United States Census, as of 2010, Rhode Island is less than ten percent rural in terms of population. Just over…...
mlaReferences
Aragon, S. (2016). Teacher shortages: what we know. Education Commission. Learning Policy Institute (n.d.). Uncertified teachers and teacher vacancies by state. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/uncertified-teachers-and-teacher-vacancies-stateQuinton, S. (2017). Teacher shortages linger in many states. The Pew Charitable Trusts. http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2017/12/28/teacher-shortages-linger-in-many-states“State Political Culture,” (n.d.). OER Services: American Government. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-amgovernment/chapter/state-political-culture/“States with Initiative or Referendum,” (n.d.). Ballotpedia. https://ballotpedia.org/States_with_initiative_or_referendumUnited States Census (2010). Urban and rural population by state. https://cber.cba.ua.edu/edata/census2010/Urban%20Rural%20by%20State%202010%20short%20ver.xlsUnited States Department of Education (2011). Educational performance of states. https://www2.ed.gov/about/reports/annual/state-of-states/index.htmlWong, K.K. & Shen, F.X. (2002). Politics of state-led reform in education. Educational Policy 16(1): 161-192.https://www.ecs.org/wp-content/uploads/Teacher-Shortages-What-We-Know.pdf
Economic philosophies and policies become politically divisive issues because they pertain to deeply held values about the role of government in a society. Yet in spite of the vast chasm that disconnects economic conservatives from economic liberals, ultimately all persons share in common end goals that include quality of life improvements. The main difference between economic liberals and economic conservatives is, therefore, linked to how essential services and social services should be funded and managed. An economic liberal promotes social welfare and a collectivist approach, whereas an economic conservative believes in the free market and private sector solutions to social problems. Two pressing economic policy issues of great interest to me personally include tuition costs and student loans. A related issue would be funding for public schools, and especially teacher salaries. I tend to waver between conservative and liberal responses to educational funding. On the one hand, I like the idea…...
mlaReferences
Dreher, R. (2018). Education policy. The American Conservative. Page, M. & Clawson, D. (2019). It’s time to push for free college. National Education Association. http://www.nea.org/home/62740.htmhttps://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/education-policy-eric-wearne-too-big-to-fail/
Policy Issues in Education
Over the past few years state legislatures and some agencies dealing with education issues have tried to reform public education by taking a close look at tests (especially standardized tests), at teacher tenure, and at the whole idea of evaluating schools through performance measures. An article in The New York Times points out that a group called StudentsFirst has been pushing for the changes mentioned earlier in this Introduction, and their efforts -- and accomplishments -- will be reviewed in this paper.
Eleven States Get Failing Grades on Public School Policies
Led by former schools chancellor in ashington State, Michelle A. Rhee, StudentsFirst has issued a report earlier in 2013 that ranks states according to how well they have applied important reforms to their educational policies. In addition to teacher tenure, standardized tests and the need for charter schools, StudentsFirst has also graded states on how school districts are…...
mlaWorks Cited
Rich, M. (2013). 11 States Get Failing Grades on Public School Policies From Advocacy Group.
The New York Times. Retrieved October 25, 2013, from http://www.nytimes.com .
Education for Economy Theory as it elates to Adult Education
In an economy motivated by improvement and information, in marketplaces betrothed in powerful opposition and steady regeneration, in a world of incredible chances and risks, in a culture facing multifaceted business, political, scientific, technological, health and environmental challenges, and in diverse workplaces and neighborhoods that center on mutual associations and social networking, the cleverness, nimbleness and skills of the American people are vital to U.S. competitiveness (21st Century Skills, Education & Competitiveness, 2008).
Education economics is the study of economic matters as they relate to education, comprising the demand for education and the funding and condition of education. The leading model of the demand for education is founded on human capital theory. The main idea is that undertaking education is an investment in the attainment of skills and information which will augment earnings, or offer long-range benefits such as an admiration of…...
mlaReferences
21st Century Skills, Education & Competitiveness. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.p21.org/documents/21st_century_skills_education_and_competitiveness_gui
de.pdf
Bouchard, P. (n.d.). Human Capital and the Knowledge Economy. Retreived from http://doe.concordia.ca/Downloads/PDF/Colloquium_PBouchard.pdf
Checchi, Daniele. (2006). The Economics of Education: Human Capital, Family Background
est Virginia's State education department has established English Language Proficiency ELP standards. A student is classified as an English Language Learner if their English proficiency is limited. In est Virginia a limited English proficient (LEP) is classified as such in accordance with the federal government definition as established by section Public Law 107-110, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001.
In addition once a student has been identified as an English Language Learner, they are assessed each year using the est Virginia Test for English Language Learners (ESTELL). These assessment measures the progress that the student has made during the school year. Students who score high enough can be identified as English Language Proficient (ELP). ESTELL is the tool that schools in est Virginia use to monitor ELL over time.
How are teachers informed of ELLs language proficiency status? hat accommodations do teachers make in daily assessments to ensure students…...
mlaWorks Cited
Assessment. Retrieved September 17, 2009 from; http://wvconnections.k12.wv.us/assessment.html
e-learning for educators. Retrieved September 17, 2009 from; http://wvde.state.wv.us/pd/elearning/docs/eLearning_Course_Catalog.pdf
Programs of Study for Limited English Proficient Students. Retrieved September 17, 2009 from; http://wvconnections.k12.wv.us/elpstandards.html
In other, more charter-friendly states, there are multiple authorizers -- universities, state boards, even specially created bodies with expertise in charter school creation. The new bill before the state House and Senate will give the Board of Education an advising role on charter school applications prior to going before the local school board.
Patrick Henry School of Science and Arts opened Aug. 11, 2010 making it the 10th charter school to open in the state of Virginia since charter schools were allowed to open in 1998. However, if history repeats itself, Patrick Henry will have a bumpy road ahead. Including Patrick Henry only three charter schools are operating currently in the state of Virginia and Patrick Henry is the only one operating in the city of ichmond. At one time there were nine charter schools in Virginia, but most of them closed due to financial reasons. (citation)
According to the ichmond…...
mlaREFERENCES
Lawrence F. Garrison, & Mitchell Holifield. (2005). ARE CHARTER SCHOOLS EFFECTIVE? Planning and Changing, 36(1/2), 90-103. Retrieved December 17, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID: 877541691).
CHARTER SCHOOLS: LESSONS in SCHOOL REFORM [review of the Charter Schools: Lessons in School Reform. (2005). Harvard Educational Review, 75(3), 341-343. Retrieved December 17, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID: 920579091).
Victoria Benning. (1998, October 15). Fairfax Studies Charter School Plan; Measure's Guidelines Allow Only Special-Need Applications: [FINAL Edition]. The Washington Post, p. B05. Retrieved December 17, 2010, from ProQuest National Newspapers Premier. (Document ID: 35117762).
Kraft, M. & Furlong, S. (2007). Public Policy: Politics, Analysis, and Alternatives.
Education Law
Education 520 Business Law
Hiring policy
To avoid an anti-discriminatory lawsuit regarding hiring practices, an employer should declare him or herself an 'equal opportunity employer.' To be compliant with the laws enforced by the EEOC, an employer must not discriminate based upon race, color, religion, national origin, or sex. The employer should also not discriminate on the basis of pregnancy, age, disability or genetic information (Laws enforced by the EEOC, 2012, EEOC).
If the institution wishes to pursue a strategy of affirmative action regarding the hiring and promoting of employees he or she should state it clearly in employment literature, usually in the form of the phrase that 'members of historically discriminated-against groups are encouraged to apply.' However, the employer must be careful not to use a quota system, or set a goal for how many members of such groups will be hired to positions, based upon their membership in historically-discriminated against…...
mlaReferences
Affirmative action. (2012). Labor employment law. Retrieved:
http://labor-employment-law.lawyers.com/employment-discrimination/Affirmative-Action.html
Laws enforced by the EEOC. (2012). EEOC. Retrieved:
What works for one child is not necessarily going to work for the next. So how can one promote the use of standardized tests as the only way to measure educational learning and success? The premise of the No Child Left Behind Act is very honorable. Each child should be taught by the best teachers that there are and each school should be held accountable for making sure that this occurs. But the measuring device that this act relies on is faulty. It places so much emphasis on the scores of the tests that all of the other educational ideas are being lost among the numbers.
eferences
Beveridge, Tina. (2010). No Child Left Behind and Fine Arts Classes. Arts Education Policy
eview. 111(1), p4-7.
Caillier, James. (2010). Paying Teachers According to Student Achievement: Questions
egarding Pay-for-Performance Models in Public Education. Clearing House. 83(2),
p58-61.
Derthick, Martha and Dunn, Joshua M. (2009). False Premises: The Accountability Fetish…...
mlaReferences
Beveridge, Tina. (2010). No Child Left Behind and Fine Arts Classes. Arts Education Policy
Review. 111(1), p4-7.
Caillier, James. (2010). Paying Teachers According to Student Achievement: Questions
Regarding Pay-for-Performance Models in Public Education. Clearing House. 83(2),
colostate.edu/guides/research/casestudy/pop2a.cfm.
3. Hispanic, White Communities Forge Ties in Alabama (2003) a UA Center for Public Television and Radi9o Production. Online available at:
4. McDade, Sharon a. (2002) Definition of a Case Study. Faculty Center for Teaching and Learning - North Carolina State. Online available at http://www.ncsu.Edu/fctl/Programs/Instructional- Development/Teaching _Materials / CaseStudies/Materials / Case studyDefintion.pdf# search =%22 CASE%20STUDY % 3A%20DEFINIT ION%20OF %22.
5. UAB Wins $389,000 in Grants to Help Teachers Educate Non-English Speaking Children (200) UAB Media Relations. 27 Nov 200. Online available at http://main.uab.edu/show.asp?durki=46333.
6. English Language Development and Multicultural Education (2005) University of Alabama. Berkeley University Online available at http://crede.berkeley.edu/tools/directory2-/PDF/esl.pdf#search=%22Alabama%3A%20Elementary%20ESL%20SERVICES%22.
7. English as a Second Language (ESL) (2004) Baldwin County Public Schools; Bay Minette, Alabama. Online available at http://www.bcbe.org/Default.asp?DivisionID='824'&DepartmentID='958'.
8. UAB Wins $389,000 in Grants to Help Teachers Educate Non-English Speaking Children (200) UAB Media Relations. 27 Nov 200. Online available at http://main.uab.edu/show.asp?durki=46333.
9. Alabama (2006) KYTESOL Newsletter Vol. XXVI, No.2 Spring 2006. Online available at…...
mla11. Alabama: Featured Facts (2005) From the SREB Factbook on Higher Education. Online available at http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:Mb3MWbM-0b4J:www.sreb.org/main/EdData/FactBook/2005StateReports/Alabama05.pdf+Alabama+Hispanic+education&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=6
12. Alabama Education Policy Primer: Chapter 2 Achievement (2005) Education Foundation - Online available at; http://www.aplusala.org/primer/ch2.asp
Education for Hispanic Students in the Elementary Schools of Alabama
According to a British Study conducted on all students born in the first week of March 1958, and following them through adolescence and on until the age of twenty-three:
There were no average differences between grouped and ungrouped schools because within the grouped schools, high-group students performed better than similar students in ungrouped schools, but low-group students did worse. Students in remedial classes performed especially poorly compared to ungrouped students with similar family backgrounds and initial achievement. With low-group losses offsetting high-group gains, the effects on productivity were about zero, but the impact on inequality was substantial." (Gamoran 1992)
As Gamoran points out, grouping or "tracking" tended to accentuate a student's skills or lack thereof. High-ability students benefited from segregation, but low-ability students did even worse than before. And while low-ability pupils received no benefit whatsoever from the tracking system, neither did their schools. The net gain in performance among the…...
mlaReferences
http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000952855
Barth, R.S. (2001). Teacher Leader. Phi Delta Kappan, 82(6), 443.
Brown Center on Education Policy, the Brookings Institution. (2000). "Part 2: A Closer Look at Mathematics Achievement." How Well are American Students Learning? Brown Center Report on American Education: 2000.
A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104861000
While it is so that more experience tends to correlate with better experience, this only holds for about three years of experience, after which the correlation becomes more level with less teaching experience. One possible reason for this, according to Darling-Hammond (2000), is that teachers who have been in the profession for a long time may become tired of their jobs, or stagnate because of a lack of opportunity to further their own education. On the other hand, more experienced teachers who do focus on improving themselves constantly, yield consistently improving results in student performance. Darling-Hammond also emphasizes that well-prepared teachers with less experience also yield favorable results. In general, it therefore appears that more experience tends to yield better student performance.
ources
Darling-Hammond, Linda (2000, Jan 1). Teacher quality and tudent Achievement: A Review of tate Policy Evidence. Education Policy Analysis Archives, Vol. 1, No. 8. http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v8n1/
Public Policy Institute of…...
mlaSources
Darling-Hammond, Linda (2000, Jan 1). Teacher quality and Student Achievement: A Review of State Policy Evidence. Education Policy Analysis Archives, Vol. 1, No. 8. http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v8n1/
Public Policy Institute of California (2003, August). Research Brief: New Insights into School and Classroom Factors Affecting Student Achievement. Issue #76. www.hewlett.org/NR/rdonlyres/985FC747-BAB7-4E08-8133-F763472A37C8/0/ppicsandiegobrief.pdf
1. The impact of economic policy on income inequality
2. The effectiveness of gun control policies in reducing violence
3. The role of government in regulating technology and privacy
4. The implications of education policy on student success and equity
5. The benefits and drawbacks of implementing a universal basic income policy
6. The impact of climate change policies on the economy and environment
7. The role of immigration policies in shaping cultural diversity and economic growth
8. The importance of healthcare policy in addressing healthcare access and affordability
9. The debates surrounding criminal justice reform and policies on sentencing and rehabilitation
10. The challenges and opportunities of implementing....
Why Homeschooling is Winning: Unveiling the Untold Advantages for Education Excellence
Homeschooling has emerged as a formidable force in the educational landscape, gaining widespread recognition for its unparalleled benefits for students. Here are the compelling reasons why homeschooling is winning:
1. Tailored Learning:
Homeschooling allows for highly individualized instruction that adapts to each child's unique learning style, pace, and interests. Parents can customize lesson plans, select resources, and create a learning environment that nurtures their child's strengths and addresses their weaknesses.
2. Flexible Schedule:
Homeschooling offers unparalleled flexibility, enabling students to learn at their own pace and accommodate extracurricular activities such as sports, music, or....
1. Texass large population and significant congressional delegation give it a powerful voice in shaping federal policy and governance, influencing decisions on issues ranging from immigration to healthcare.
2. The oil and gas industrys dominance in Texas plays a crucial role in shaping federal energy policies, as the states interests often align with those of major energy corporations.
3. Texass position as a border state heavily impacts federal immigration policy, with the states policies and actions influencing national debates on immigration reform and border security.
4. The conservative political landscape in Texas has a significant impact on federal policy, as the states elected....
I. Introduction
II. Body
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