He opposed the thoughts of Keynes based on previous predictions which proved false in the future. The war affected different sectors of Germany. Germany saw its steel output increase by around 30% and iron output increase by 38% from 1913 to 1927, contrary to Keynes prediction that it would decrease. Germany's efficiency in mining coal was also predicted to decrease, which proved wrong when the efficiency of labor increased by almost 30% from 1913 to 1929. It was also predicted that German coal exports would stop right after the treaty. However it showed a consistent increase to 15 million tons in the year following the treaty and rose up to 35 million tons in 1925. In a similar fashion, the German savings figure, which was expected to decline showed a steady increase. Mantoux demonstrated how Germany was in a position to pay according to the terms of the treaty,…...

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Works Cited

Castillo, Daniel. "German Economy in the 1920's" ucsb.edu, Dec. 2003, Web 27 June 2010

DeLong, J.Bradford " Slouching Towards Utopia?: The Economic History of the Twentieth

Century-XI. Restoring the Pre-World War I Economy" berkeley.edu Feb. 1997, Web 27

June 2010

(Thomas, 1999, p. 66)
The four aspects of health profiling are; 1.collecting and analysing information2. selecting priorities for action 3. choosing nursing activities, including methods of working, for selected priorities 4. evaluating nursing practice. Information, should be gathered base on regional demographics of disease such as; incidence of disease, illness, diasbilty and trauma and on the existing health system and what it provides and does not provide for the community based on its defined and identified needs.

Once information has been gathered it can be analysed to identify and select priorities. Priorities can be aimed at individuals, at a group or community level, or at a national and/or local campaign level. Appropriate nursing activities can then be chosen to pursue appropriate action....The following presents a summary of suggestions for key activities: 1. assess the health needs of local populations through compilation of health profiles 2. support people to participate in the…...

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References

Boaz, R.F. (1994). Rethinking Universal Health Care Security and Cost Containment. Challenge, 37(4), 27.

Lumby, J. (2001). Who Cares? The Changing Health Care System. Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin.

Mccabe, S., & Burman, M.E. (2006). A Tale of Two APNs: Addressing Blurred Practice Boundaries in APN Practice. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 42(1), 3.

Thomas, S.P. (1999). 5 Social Issues and Health. In Social Policy and Health Care, Gormley, K. (Ed.) (pp. 51-68). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.

Economic Reform in Russia
Since 1992, Russia has undergone a complex process of economic transition. It is a process that has been made more difficult due to the lack of theoretical and practical guidelines on the problem of transforming a communist command economy into an open capitalist one. All the existing theories on such a transformation tended to focus on the reform of rural subsistence economies, rather than on an industrially developed one, such as Russia. Yet, despite the absence of an effective economic blueprint, the state of the Russian economy, at that time, was such that the Yeltsin government was required to take action quickly, in order to save the country from economic ruin.

However, the radical reforms which were introduced in January 1992, and were termed 'shock therapy', did not prove to be successful and, rather than encouraging the growth of a market economy, they produced an awkward hybrid of…...

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Bibliography.

Aslund, A. (1995). How Russia Became a Market Economy. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institute.

Aslund, A. (2001). Building Capitalism: The Transformation of the Former Soviet Bloc. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bowker, M. And C.Ross. (Ed.). (2000). Russia after the Cold War. London: Longman.

Rutland, P. (1996). The Rocky Road from Plan to Market. In: White, S., Pravda, A. And Gitelman, Z. (Eds.), Developments in Russia and Post-Soviet Politics. Houndsmill: Macmillan.

economics problems from a broader perspective, we need to apply macroeconomic principles. These principles help in understanding collective problems that various industry or countries are encountering and the role government can play in this connection. The paper studies current economic problems in the Transportation sector and explains how levels of supply and demand affect the demand curve.
MACOECONOMICS AND TANSPOTATION SECTO

Macroeconomics deals with economy on a larger scale and studies the principles of economics as they pertain to the whole industry and not just one firm. This helps in understanding national economic problems of inflation, unemployment, slow GDP growth, lower productivity etc. Therefore it is important to apply macroeconomics principles when we want to study and understand the problems being encountered by any economic system. For example in these days of slow growth, we notice that United States economic problems can be better understood in the light of macroeconomics than…...

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References

Definitions of Economics, http://www.cr1.dircon.co.uk/TB/1/1.1.1.htm

Justin Fox, What In The World Happened To Economics? Fortune, 03-15-1999, pp. 90

Economic Environment
The economic environment of Greece is that of a capitalist economy, but with significant public sector contribution – about 40% of total GDP is from government activity. This speaks more to the relatively small size of the Greek private sector than to excessive government ownership of industry. Tourism is one of the major drivers of the Greek economy, accounting for 18% of GDP (CIA World Factbook, 2017). Thus Greece would be characterized as a mixed economy with some government-owned entities. Greece is a member of the EU, but has also received several bailouts in recent years, and struggles with tax collection, and overall economic development. Tax evasion ranges between 6-9% of total GDP in Greece, which makes it a significant economic problem (Georgakopoulos, 2016).

Recent Macroeconomic Data

In recent years, Greece\'s economy has flatlined. The country has received several infusions of capital from other EU countries, but there is a lack…...

Economics
UK Economy

An analysis of the latest figures for key economic indicators and the factors which have affected these indicators. This should include the figures for unemployment, inflation and economic growth.

Unemployment

The unemployment rate is a very important indicator of the overall health of the economy. Currently the unemployment rate is at 7.8% (Office for National Statistics, 2012). However, this figure does not affect the population equally. Different segments of the population have different employment rates. Furthermore, the unemployment rate does not include people that are not actively seeking employment. In the chart these people are considered to be "inactive." Another interesting item listed in the report is that the unemployment rate for the youth demographic was falling due to a record number of 16 to 24-year-olds being enrolled in some type of educational program.

Employment in the UK has suffered from recession. In 2008 there was a global recession in the United…...

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Works Cited

Financial Times, 2013. Question 3: Fiscal Policy. [Online]

Available at:  http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1115c770-545a-11e2-9d25-00144feab49a.html#axzz2IAShLpER 

[Accessed 1 January 2013].

Kirka, D., 2011. UK recession fears grow as manufacturing drops. [Online]

Energy costs increased substantially and the yen's exchange rate was shifted to a floating rate. The eventual recession reduced expectations of future growth and reduced private investment. Economic growth went down from 10% to 3.6% during the period 1974-79 and to 4.4% in the decade of the 80s. ut despite the oil crisis and its consequences, Japan's major export industries stayed competitive through its cost-cutting policy and increasing efficiency. It reduced industrial energy demands and allowed the automobile industry, along with other industries, to improve. y the late 70s, the computer, semiconductor and other technology and information-intensive industries entered a period of rapid growth. During this high-growth era, exports continued to support Japan's robust economic growth in the 70s and in the 80s. However, the problems encountered on account of its growing balance of payments surplus urged for the opening of domestic markets and a stronger focus on domestic…...

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Bibliography

Answers.com. (2007). Shigeru Yoshida. 4 pages. Encyclopedia Britannica: Answers Corporation

Bernier, B. (1980). The Japanese peasantry and economic growth since the land reform of 1946-47. 40 pages. Vol 12 issue 1. Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars: Questia Media America, Inc.

Luu, L.T. et al. (1996). Summary report on Japan. Team # 6. Chinman: University of Hawaii..

Retrieved March 14, 2007 at http://www2/hawai.edu/~chiman/file2,htm

Producers do not want to produce too much, lest there be waste. Consumers do not want to spend too much, because their resources (for most people anyway) are inherently scarce.
Hayek makes the point about there being different types of knowledge. In his free market economy free from centralized planning, he argues that each individual has different knowledge -- each specializes. This allows the millions of people who are making economic decisions to have the ability to gather and process as much information as possible. ith more information, better decisions are made. By delegating decision-making to millions of economic actors, each operating within their own specific area of expertise, decisions are going to be better. They will be based on more information and more specialized knowledge to interpret that information.

He argues that economic planning inherently must be based on cycles, such that there is day-to-day adjustments. Such a situation requires…...

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Works Cited:

Hayek, F. (1945). The use of knowledge in society. The American Economic Review. Vol. 35 (4) 519-530.

Economic Events: 1980-1989
the decade of greed. The era of onald eagan when the rich got richer and the poor got poorer. Despite this common wisdom, 1980 started off auspiciously. On May 8, 1980 the World Health Organization hailed "one of the century's greatest medical accomplishments," the final and total eradication of smallpox (Dickson 247). But how quickly times change - barely a quarter century has passed and this same disease is making headlines once again.

Attitudes change also. While many in this day and age would still agree that the 1980's was a selfish period in American history, a sea-change has occurred in the rhetoric issuing forth from Washington D.C. In a very fundamental way, party politics has been thrust aside as concerns for homeland security take precedence over petty partisanship. Michael Barone notes this in his analysis of a speech made by Democrat ichard Gephardt in the Summer of 2002:…...

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References

Barone, Michael. "The loyal opposition." U.S. News and World Report. 13 June 2003. 14

March 2003 http://www.usnews.com/usnews/opinion/baroneweb/mb_020613.htm.

Case, Karl E., and Ray C. Fair. "Principles of Economics." Prentice Hall, Inc. Englewood

Cliffs, NJ 1992.

Interestingly, it seems that this feature remains relatively constant regardless of the level of the socioeconomic spectrum. That is fascinating to anybody who comes from a foreign community where Americans are envied and believed to be so much more fortunate than many of us in the rest of the world.
Finally, in that regard, I also anticipate that studying the ethical issues and legal concepts that apply to economic practices, including the intersection between the private business sectors and government. From my perspective, it seems that there are many potential areas of study just in the manner in which the consumerism mentality in the U.S. fueled the housing market bubble and the ways that big business interests profited from those impulses at the macro level while, in effect, destabilizing the entire national economy. Likewise, at the micro level, there is much to learn from the practices of individual lending institutions…...

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My intended major is Economics, a subject in which I developed an interest in two very different ways. At the level of microeconomics, I have first-hand experience with the challenges of surviving alone in the United States as a self-dependent international student. On one hand, the U.S. offers many potential opportunities; on the other hand, economic survival for working students requires very responsible management of finances and resources. On the level of macroeconomics, I was both alarmed and fascinated by the manner in which the entire U.S. economy nearly collapsed in 2008, just as I was beginning to settle into life in the U.S. In addition to issues of the highly complex interrelationships among and between the business, investment banking, and housing sectors, the situation also highlighted important ethical issues that obviously must be addressed to prevent repeated economic catastrophes.

As a student of economics, I hope to develop a basic understanding of the classic fundamental principles in the field. However, I also hope to study some of the broader ways that economic issues affect and even shape contemporary human societies. Since coming to the U.S., I have learned that the American consumer economy is much more complex than I realized, especially in connection with the extent of consumer dependence on credit to fund higher lifestyles than might be sound economically. Interestingly, it seems that this feature remains relatively constant regardless of the level of the socioeconomic spectrum. That is fascinating to anybody who comes from a foreign community where Americans are envied and believed to be so much more fortunate than many of us in the rest of the world.

Finally, in that regard, I also anticipate that studying the ethical issues and legal concepts that apply to economic practices, including the intersection between the private business sectors and government. From my perspective, it seems that there are many potential areas of study just in the manner in which the consumerism mentality in the U.S. fueled the housing market bubble and the ways that big business interests profited from those impulses at the macro level while, in effect, destabilizing the entire national economy. Likewise, at the micro level, there is much to learn from the practices of individual lending institutions and real estate brokerages and their exploitation of individuals and families brought up on the American dream of home ownership. I hope that my introductory studies in economics will help me identify a more specific academic focus in an area that will allow me to establish a career, ideally in a field that might contribute to resolving some of the systemic economic problems in human societies.

Shift from Central Planning to Market Economy

The Turkish economy is in what might be termed semi-precarious health. It could certainly be worse, but also certainly be better. Since its birth as a nation-state into its current shape in 1923 in the wake of World War I, Turkey has operated a mixed economy, in which both state and private enterprise have contributed to economic development. (Indeed, it is arguable that all country's in the world today have a mixed economy; the United States may be a bastion for private enterprise but many workers also benefit from government money, such as the money awarded by the federal government to private companies in the form of defense industry contracts.) Since the end of World War II, the economy has been transformed from a predominantly agricultural one to one in which industry and services are the most productive and rapidly expanding sectors even as…...

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References

Abramowitz, M. (ed.) (2001). Turkey's transformation and American policy. New York: Century Foundation.

Hershlag, Z.Y. (1998). The contemporary Turkish economy. New York: Routledge Kegan & Paul.

Howe, M. (2001). The Kurdish conflict in Turkey: Obstacles and chances for peace and democracy. London: Palgrave.  http://www.imf.org   http://www.immigration-usa.com/wfb/turkey_economy.html   http://www.rt66.com/~korteng/tudemog.htm http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov

Ibrahim, F. (ed.) (2000). Turkey today: A nation divided over Islam's revival.

For the period of the late 1960s and early 1970s, West Germany strived to assist the dollar. The United States and many other nations pushed West Germany to reassess so as to make up for the dollar excess. (Germany in the World Economy)
At last, after escalating waves of conjectures, the retton Woods system had a collapse in August 1971. All through the post-retton Woods period, the deutsche mark stayed under pressure. In order to relieve strain within Europe, West Germany and other European states assented to peg their currencies to a special system of comparatively narrow exchange rate bands officially named the 'European narrow-margins agreement' but unofficially identified as the 'snake'. The United States and West Germany performed main roles in attempting to organize a new global monetary system. but, in spite of its willingness to make small exchange-rate alterations for the benefit of new currency arrangements, West Germany…...

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Bibliography

Little German Reform Would Go a Long Way" (Dec 1, 2003) Business Week. Issue: 3860; pg. 22. Retrieved from home.uchicago.edu/~gbecker / Businessweek/BW/2003/12_01_2003.pdf Accessed on 24 November, 2004

Economic Survey - Germany 2004: Main issues and policy challenges"

Retrieved at   Accessed on 24 November, 2004http://www.oecd.org/document/17/0,2340,en_2649_201185_33633425_1_1_1_1,00.html .

Economy of Germany" Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved at   on 25 November, 2004http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_GermanyAccessed 

It is also argued that the insurance mandate is not constitutional since the government does not have the right to tell the United States citizens what products to purchase, even when these products are beneficial for them, and even less when the socio-economic impact of purchasing the respective items is questionable (Savage, 2009).

Arguments against changing the direction of the policy

Once again delaying any measures to restructure and resolve the two impending problems in the health care system (raising costs and insufficient coverage) does not constitute a constructive approach to resolving the impending problems

Aside the socio-economic problems it raises, the mandatory health insurance would ensure that all the U.S. citizens benefit at least from the basic health care services and this does not put tremendous strains on the federal budgets.

5. ationale of the suggestion to change the direction

Despite the benefits the mandatory health insurance would generate for the population, its implementation…...

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References:

Barnett, R., 2009, Is health insurance mandate constitutional? last accessed on June 18, 2010

Berger, J., 2009, a health insurance mandate that works like auto insurance? Think again,   / last accessed on June 18, 2010http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/09/14/health-insurance-mandate-works-like-auto-insurance-think 

Bihari, M., 2010, Mandated benefits -- understanding mandated health insurance benefits,   last accessed on June 18, 2010http://healthinsurance.about.com/od/reform/a/mandated_benefits_overview.htm 

Cowen, T., 2009, How an insurance mandate could leave many worse off,   last accessed on June 18, 2010http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/25/health/policy/25view.html 

Instead Dahl assumes the notion that it would be best to have "a system of economic
enterprises collectively owned and democratically governed by all the
people who work in them," meaning that he differs from the notions of Okun
and the Friedman's by proposing something radically different to promote
the ultimate goal of democracy (Dahl 92). Neither equality nor freedom is
necessary to fix the relationship between the economy and democracy, but
rather a completely different and even radical outlook on the relationship
between the economy and government can solve the dilemma. Furthermore Dahl
argues to how it is possible to retain the democratic principle within
firms, and prevent problems such as oligarchy. These notions in which the
economy becomes compatible with the political notions are completely
different than the Friedman's and Okun's notion that there lies a problem
with democracy. Dahl is even casting serious doubt on Tocqueville's long
lasting reflection on America's democracy.
Dahl's argument, which would account for drastic changes to…...

4. Jon opens a video-rental store. What factors should he consider in making his decision on what hours to operate each day? What hours would you recommend? Why?

The rule is that every business is different. Jon's video-rental store sells a specific product to a specific customer base; this means that the offer has to be tailored to the needs of the respective market. Elements which should be taken into consideration then include:

The working schedules of the target market

The preferences of the target market in terms of the times they want to watch the movies

The demographics of the target market

A proposed schedule is that of 1 PM opening hours and 12 PM closing hours during the week so that customers can rent their movies on their way from work. During the week-end, the store should be opened in the mornings so that customers can rent their week-end films or the Saturday…...

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References:

2010, Investopedia,   last accessed on June 24, 2010http://www.investopedia.com