Economic Globalization
Has the 2008 financial meltdown in the U.S. And the ongoing economic crisis in Europe have practically ended the era of economic globalization?

Following the financial crisis that marred the U.S. economy along with other global economies as well as the ongoing Eurozone debt crisis, there have been projected concerns that this predicament would end economic globalization. The purpose of this paper is to assess this claim. Going by Immanuel Wallenstein's World Systems Theory, the political economy of Third World economies and developed economies of the West are mutually dependent. Wallenstein's conjecture is that the growth and expansion of Third World economies relies on constant interaction with Western developed economies seeing as the world is characterized by a structural division of labor where the developing nations of the Third World provide cheap labor and raw materials while the developed economies are the holders of capital and controllers of the market.…...

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References

Ebrahimi, H, 2012, "John Lewis warns Amazon's tax avoidance 'will drive UK companies out of business" The Telegraph

Held, David; The Open University, eds. (2004). A Globalizing World?: Culture, Economics, Politics (2nd ed.). London; New York: Routledge, in association with the Open University. p. 84.

Katz, I & Christie, R (2011) "Geithner Called Housing Giants Biggest 'Moral Hazard'" Bloomberg

Lynch, Katherine (2003). The Forces of Economic Globalization. Kluwer Law International

"The explosive growth of the global economy threatens the natural systems that sustain life on Earth. Despite some significant successes in reducing industrial pollution and increasing efficiency, globalization is devastating natural habitats, speeding global warming, and increasing air and water pollution" (Anonymous). It is in the nature of such an economic globalization to cause negative effects. Globalization has its benefits as well which hold substantial weight.
Advocates for economic globalization state that it is aimed at removing poverty and increasing wealth among the poor. This has been seen not to be entirely true and the gain of wealth is seen only in the upper or elite classes. The rich are getting richer while the poor are getting poorer. Although food has increased, hunger rates have also increased. It is seen that the top class is becoming multibillionaires and today there are more billionaires than yesterday. However the lower class is…...

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References

1) Anonymous - Economic Globalization. [Online website] Available at on: 10/11/2005]http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/economic.php[Accessed

2) Anonymous - Mennonite Central Committee "Economic Globalization." [Online website] Available at   on: 10/11/2005]http://www.mcc.org/us/globalization/ [Accessed

3) John N. Pearson, Jeffrey S. Bracker, Richard E. White - Article Title: Operations Management Activities of Small, High Growth Electronics Firms. Journal Title: Journal of Small Business Management. Volume: 28. Issue: 1. Publication Year: 1990. Page Number: 20+.

4) World Council of Churches - REPORT OF THE POLICY REFERENCE COMMITTEE II. [Online website] Available at   on: 10/11/2005]http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/who/cc2001/pr-ii3-e.html#glob [Accessed

Globalization
Economic globalization has affected every American in some way. In some cases, globalization has had a negative effect, for example when jobs are sent overseas. This occurs because globalization has reduced barriers to trade in both physical goods and services. As a result, people can lose their jobs to workers in foreign countries who are paid less. The reverse of this is that there are more opportunities for growth for American businesses. This will ultimately create new jobs, though usually for different categories of workers. A friend of mine's brother works for a company that sells most of its goods to the Asian market, which is something that was a lot harder to do prior to globalization. The reduction of trade barriers in particular creates opportunity, and if we use our comparative advantages we can take advantage of that opportunity (Investopedia, 2013).

Our lives are also affected quite a bit by…...

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References:

Eitzen, D.S., & Zinn, M.B. (Eds.). (2012). Globalization: The Transformation of Social Worlds (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Investopedia. (2013). How globalization affects developed countries. Investopedia. Retrieved September 18, 2013 from  http://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/10/globalization-developed-countries.asp 

Mohr, A. (2013). The effects of economic globalization on developing countries. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved September 18, 2013 from  http://smallbusiness.chron.com/effects-economic-globalization-developing-countries-3906.html

By means of automation, specialized works that were predominantly done by men in the manufacturing industries situated in the developed nations were diminished. Conversely, non-specialized jobs mainly in the electronic parts manufacturing industries, particularly the microchip, in which unskilled women in a number of developing nations find employment, became bigger. Thus, the electronic parts manufacturers, instead of investing in huge capital-based units, had favored to make use of manual workers based in nations wherein inexpensive, quiet, and for that reason mostly women workers was quickly accessible. (Mitter; owbotham, 1995) Hence, women in Asia could get several jobs from the electronics manufacturing industry. Fresh high school passed out graduates from the tiny villages moved to the cities for jobs available in the semiconductor units. Usually the daughters of those villagers who were high-incomes, these young females, irritated by the absence of clerical as well as semi-skilled employment prospects in their…...

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References

Ahmed, Fauzia Erfan. (2004, Summer) "The Rise of the Bangladesh Garment Industry:

Globalization, Women Workers, and Voice," NWSA Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 34-45.

Ainina, Fall M; Petrick, Joseph a; Scherer, Robert F. (2003) "Loss Control in High Technology

Electronics Manufacturing: A Longitudinal Study of Occupational Safety," Review of Business, vol. 24, no.3, pp: 35-42.

economic globalization over the past twenty years sparked demand for a single, worldwide set of high-quality accounting standards" (Benjamin 2012). The SEC's allowance for American companies with international holdings to use IFS supports convergence to some extent by providing an incentive for filers to use IFS. Companies that use IFS can be compliant with both U.S. And international filing requirements, without having to keep 'double books.' All firms with an international scope are now likely to consider using IFS because of its compatibility with U.S. And worldwide standards. Given the globalization of the economy, even small and mid-sized U.S. organizations may begin using IFS, which will make firms which use GAAP more isolated. Convergence will be facilitated, with a likely bias in the new, universal standards towards using IFS with minor (or no) modifications.
Q2. The EU is one of the most powerful trading blocks in the world. The wholesale…...

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References

Benjamin, Michael. (2012). IFRS convergence: What it means and where it stands. BPM.

Retrieved:

 http://www.bpmcpa.com/Library/IFRS-Convergence-Update-Feb-2012.asp#.UT_JkFesf5N 

Schneider, Bob. (2013). Accounting basics. Investopedia. Retrieved:

Economic Globalization
a positive trend?

In order to fully understand the complexities of economic globalization, one must first sufficiently define the term in regards to how it is viewed in today's world. Thomas L. Friedman defines globalization as a system or a paradigm, "an approximate set of rules by which to conduct life," yet he also points out that globalization itself presently serves as a replacement for the old system begun and fostered during the Cold War which came to a close when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 (Sjursen, 3).

However, others have countered that globalization is defined by trends related to third-world countries that economically become stable as a result of re-defining their old national standards. For example, Juan Enriquez argues that the global trade market "allows a small region to break its dependency on a larger nation state," whereby "protection is no longer necessary," with the result being free trade…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bergsten, C. Fred. "The United States and the World Economy." The Internationalization of the American Economy. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1982.

Haynes, Jeffrey. Globalization and the Third World. London: Routledge, 1998.

Herman, Edward S. "The Threat of Globalization." Global Policy Forum. Internet. Winter 1999. Accessed September 7, 2005.  http://www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/define/hermantk.htm .

Miller, Berna, Ed., et al. Developing Nations. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2003.

(Chandrasekhar and Ghosh, 2005)
Chandrasekhar and Ghosh state that the macroeconomic policy in China resulted in macroeconomic mechanisms that "differed substantially from those in predominantly market-driven economies. These differences relate to the availability of monetary or fiscal levers of the kind available in market economies, to the nature of the institutionally determined transmission mechanisms and to the outcomes of what appear to be similar policies. Only inasmuch as "economic reform" results in the generation of features characteristic of market driven economies in centrally planned systems, would the transition result in a gradual process of convergence in the nature of the policies, mechanisms and outcomes being addressed." (2005) It is related that despite the complete control of the Chinese government over the creation of money and fiscal policy "..., in the sense of using deficit financed expenditures to prime the economy, does not appear to have been a major thrust of…...

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Bibliography

Fischer, Stanley (2003) Globalization and Its Challenges. Ely Lecture. Online available at:  http://www.iie.com/fischer/pdf/Fischer011903.pdf 

Chandrasekhar, C.P. And Ghosh, Jayati (2005) Macroeconomic Policy, Inequality and Poverty Reduction in India and China. Online available at: http://www.ideaswebsite.org/featart/dec2005/IND_CHN.pdf

Srinivasan, T.N. (2002) China and India: Economic Performance, Competition and Cooperation. Paper presented at seminar on WTO Accession, Policy Reform and Poverty sponsored by the World Trade Organization in Beijing, China June 2002. Online available at: http://www.econ.yale.edu/~srinivas/C&I%20Economic%20Performance%20Update.pdf

Khanna, Tarun (2003) It's India Above China in New World Order. Working Knowledge. 28 Jul 2003. Online available at:  http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/3604.html

A company working on such a goal might claim that the intent is to use less pesticides, but really they just want to decrease the cost of production.
Another example of why a food organism might be modified is to make the final product more resilient to the means of distribution, such as what is seen with tomatoes being genetically modified to have more resilient skins, so they can be grown, harvested and distributed in mass. Many think of these types of modifications as positive, for the development of sustainable food growth, to feed a growing population, more efficiently and effectively. In many ways the positive aspects of this trend are good, and yet genetically modified plants and foods also create potential threats. Some examples of this are plants that if left on their own can overcome natural and indigenous plants, such as are seen with grain crops that have…...

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Works Cited

Cook, Guy. Genetically Modified Language: The Discourse of Arguments for GM Crops and Food. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Gaudet, Mary. "Without a Trace: Controversy Buzzes around the Mysterious Disappearance of Bees on Prince Edward Island." Alternatives Journal July 2005: 32.

"Give a Weed an Inch, it'll Take a Smile." The Register-Guard (Eugene, or) 12 June 2005: c1.

Korea and Taiwan in 1960 had a per capita income no higher than Kenya at the time (CIA, 2007). Now, South Korea's income has moved to the top 12 in the world. Taiwan and Japan experienced similar growth. All three countries benefited primarily from freeing their currency, reducing barriers to company formation, and focusing their government policies on increasing productive capacity.
The second, and more dramatic, application of neoliberalistic ideas was in China and India. China's revolutionary changes started with Deng Xiao Ping's reforms in 1977-1981, in which he freed the peasants from communal farms; this followed from the 1965 reforms which allowed peasants 1/3 acre for their own cultivation. The latter action increased Chinese agricultural production by 30%, while the former (freeing the peasants) resulted in an increase in real peasant income in China by 40% during the 1980's. Few recognize that this was the first and most dramatic…...

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Bibliography

Burkett, P. (2005). American Economic Development since 1945: Growth, Decline and Rejuvenation. Review of Social Economy, 135-144.

CIA. (2007). South Korea. Retrieved November 4, 2007, from World Fact Book:  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ks.html 

IMF. (2006). China and India: Expanding Roles in the World Economy. IMF Book Forum (p. n.p.). Washington: IMF.

Prbyla, J. (1982). Economic Problems of Communism: A Case Study of China. Asian Survey, 1206-1237.

In spite of the progress undergone by poor countries, things are still critical in these areas and it is impossible for one to even compare the situation there with the one in developed countries. The advancements experienced by developing territories are impressive, but put side by side with those in the west they are quickly made mediocre. hereas individuals in developed countries can rapidly adapt new technologies in their everyday lives, those in poor countries are less likely to do so, since "many developing countries lack the technical skills necessary to master new, or even older, technologies" (Picture This).

Globalization practically means that most countries turn from their old systems to a more general one, which is capitalist-based. Even though for some globalization is a new topic, it actually goes back to the expansionist era, when people were determined to interact with new cultures and to increase their sphere of influence.…...

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Works cited:

1. Masood, Ahmed. "The Next Frontier." Retrieved August 05, 2010, from the International Monetary Fund Web site:  http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2008/09/ahmed.htm 

2. "Picture This." Retrieved August 05, 2010, from the International Monetary Fund Web site:  http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2008/06/picture.htm 

3. "World-System Theory." Retrieved August 05, 2010, from the Globalization Web site:  http://www.sociology.emory.edu/globalization/theories01.html

These companies are getting bigger and bigger. Some companies have such huge assets all over the world that they are worth more than many small countries. If you compare the GDP of many countries, you can see that the GDP is even less than the earnings of those big companies (Disadvantages of globalization, 2012).
The governments do not have the power to stop the multinational companies from closing a factory here, and setting up another factory in other parts of the world. They do not have the power to stop the big companies from retrenching workers. As a result, the governments have to deal with the jobless people, while the big companies are still making money. That is why the disadvantages of globalization are so frightening. The big companies will continue to get bigger and more powerful, while the governments of the world grow less powerful. The problem from one…...

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References

Disadvantages of globalization. 2012. [ONLINE] Available at:

  [Accessed 02 Junehttp://expertscolumn.com/content/disadvantages-globalization .

2012].

Grabel, I. (2012). Financial Crisis, Productive Incoherence, and the Evolution of Southern

Globalization
The term "globalization" is a debatable one. Some view globalization as a process that is beneficial -- fundamental to future world economic development -- and also inevitable and irreversible (IMF, 2000). Others regard it with hostility, and sometimes fear, arguing that it increases inequality within and between nations, threatens employment and living standards and disturbs social progress. This paper offers an overview of some aspects of globalization and aims to identify ways in which countries can optimize the gains of this process, while remaining realistic about its potential and its risks.

Globalization offers many opportunities for future worldwide development. However, it is not progressing evenly. Some countries are becoming integrated into the global economy faster than others. Countries that have been successful at integration have reaped the benefits of faster growth and less poverty.

For instance, global-oriented policies resulted in dynamism and greater prosperity for much of East Asia, transforming it from…...

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Bibliography

Daly, H. (2001) Globalization and Its Discontents. Philosophy and Public Policy Quarterly, 21, 2/3.

Danaher, K. (1997). Corporations are gonna get your mama: globalization and the downsizing of the American dream. Monroe, Me.: Common Courage Press.

World Economic Outlook, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington D.C., May 2000.

International Chamber of Commerce. (November, 2000). ICC brief on globalization.

In this light, globalization is expressed through regionalism.
Regionalism can also be seen as a response to globalization. As different regions around the world start to share similar views and become cooperative with one another, regional loyalties and models become more accepted and promoted.

In some ways, globalization seems to drive regionalization. For example, globalization is widely blamed for diminishing the American dollar, which means that imports are no longer as attractive. While this is no so good for America, a long-term decline on the dollar will drive local suppliers to develop new capacities. In addition, as the price of oil and fuel rise due to transportation, local, pricier suppliers suddenly do not seem so expensive, as companies are starting to accept the real price that is paid for a good or service.

Globalab (2007) argues that there is no direct causal relationship between globalization and nationalism, but that the two phenomena…...

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Bibliography

Bhagwati, Jagdish (2004). In Defense of Globalization. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.

Breuilly, John. (1993). Nationalism and the state. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Brym, R.J., ed. (1986) Regionalism in Canada. Toronto: Irwin.

Kacowitz, Alex. (December, 1998). Regionalization, Globalization, and Nationalism. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

The private sector thus becomes the most important factor in the decision making process. Unfortunately, as bad as it sounds the fact that states are losing their powers in front of the private sector, globalization has proved to work, at least in the more developed countries. The weakness of a state is the price to pay for a prosper society.
It is true that globalization weakens the state, but this must not necessarily be seen as a bad thing. More important than a powerful government is a powerful economy, which gives people better lives. States that have adopted the rules of international capital market have known economic growth, at various levels. The price that must be paid is that multinational corporations have the power to dictate policies that are in their own interest and not necessarily in the interest of citizens.

However, when speaking of a state in its cultural dimension,…...

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Bibliography

Armstrong, D., Globalization and the social state, available at  http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=33615 ;

Castles, F., the future of the welfare state, 2004, Oxford: Oxford University Press;

Friedman, L.T., the Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization, 2000;

Genschel, P., "Globalization and the welfare state: a retrospective," Journal of European Public Policy 11(4), 2004;

The general attitude and concern is that globalization will create the disintegration of society, and that regardless of the economic wealth that it will bring, globalization will have a negative effect on the everyone. odrik's intent was to provide a balanced look at these issues, but in the end, the book was decidedly anti-globalization, which leads to an anti-globalization slant in the Globalization eader.
Throughout the book, the authors provide subtle hints that they are biased against further globalization through their selection of material. However, it is not until Chapter VIII that the book demonstrates a truly biased perspective. When the authors address the issue of globalization and the role of religions, it is difficult to discount the bias that is present in the work. The first article that is presented was authored by Frank Lechner, "Global Fundamentalism." In this article, Lechner argues that fundamentalism is on the way out…...

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References

Lechner, F. & Boli, J. (2007). The Globalization Reader, 3rd Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

I. Introduction
A. Hook: Begin with a compelling statement that highlights the significance of the topic.
B. Thesis statement: Clearly state the central argument that the essay will explore regarding the relevance of the state in an era of globalization.

II. Background: The Evolving Role of the State
A. Historical perspective: Trace the historical evolution of the state, discussing its traditional functions in society.
B. Challenges to state authority: Examine the factors that have challenged state sovereignty and authority in the context of globalization.

III. Impacts of Globalization on the State
A. Economic globalization: Discuss how the rise of transnational corporations, global....

Lesser-Known but Intriguing Essay Topics on the Global South in International Security

1. Security Implications of Climate Change in the Global South: Assessing Vulnerability and Resilience

Climate change disproportionately affects developing countries in the Global South, exacerbating security threats such as resource scarcity, forced displacement, and social unrest. This topic explores the complex interplay between environmental degradation, human security, and international cooperation.

2. The Rise of Cybercrime and Cyberattacks in the Global South: Challenges and Responses

With growing internet connectivity, the Global South is facing an increasing threat from cybercrime and cyberattacks. This topic examines the unique challenges these countries face in cybersecurity, including....

I. Introduction
A. Brief overview of the World Wars
B. Thesis statement: The causes and consequences of the World Wars have played a significant role in shaping contemporary global issues, including international relations, economic globalization, and social movements.
II. Causes and consequences of the World Wars
A. Causes of World War I
B. Consequences of World War I
C. Causes of World War II
D. Consequences of World War II
III. Political legacies of the World Wars
A. Formation of the United Nations
B. Cold War and division of the world into East and West
C. Impact on decolonization and the rise....