Economic Analysis: The International Trade Market
International trade plays an historically large role in the growth and prosperity of countries around the globe. Similar to the benefits that open trade within a country brings to that country's respective economy, trade on the international front improves the global market economy significantly. Trade generates competition, promotes the transfer and utilization of new technology and allows countries, customers, and businesses alike to access to the world's best products. Trade in the international market brings about the capacity for innovation, high productivity and rising incomes and economic standings for each country that chooses to engage in it. However, certain strategies, regulations and methods must be employed within the international market to ensure success and smooth operations in each respective country that becomes involved in world trade.

Governmental ole in International Trade

The government plays a very specific role in the field of international trade and can be…...

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References

Dutta, N. (2010). Foreign investment, financial development and political risks. The Journal of Developing Areas, 44.2: pp: 303-327. Retrieved from: ProQuest Database.

Lowenfield, A. (2001). The role of government in international trade: essays over three decades. The American Journal of International Law, 95.2: pp: 400-502. Retrieved from: ProQuest Database.

Rauch, J. And Trindade, V. (2009). Neckties in the tropics: a model of international trade and cultural diversity. Canadian Journal of Economics, 42.3: pp. 809-843. Retrieved from: ProQuest Database.

Winter-Nelson, A. (2007). Roles for government in international trade. Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, 37.1: pp. 60-61. Retrieved from: ProQuest Database.

Economic Analysis of Australian Fruit and Vegetable Market
Severe flooding in Queensland in late 2010 and early 2011 "affected an area the size of France and Germany combined" (IBISWorld.com. January 2011. PP. 1), and contributed to massive spikes in fruit and vegetable prices across Australia on the order of 20 to 30% (The Sydney Morning Herald.com. January 11, 2011. PP. 1). Specific examples of these increases include: "broccoli jumping to $10 a kilo from $6" (The Sydney Morning Herald.com. January 11, 2011. PP. 1), "pumpkin tripling from $1.50 to $6 a kilo, and pineapple doubling from $28 to $56 a box" (Dagwell, Todd. January 25, 2011. PP. 1). These price increases provide a platform from which to conduct economic analysis regarding supply and demand issues, elasticity, and government measures to control price inflation.

Background

The Queensland flooding impacted Australian business and consumers, with the state producing 28% of the country's fruit and vegetable…...

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References

Dagwell, Todd. (January 25, 2011). Fruit, Vegetable costs Surge. NewCastle Herald.com.

PP. 1. Retrieved March 22, 2012 from  http://www.theherald.com.au/news/local/news/general/fruit-veg-costs-surge/2056289.aspx# 

IBISWorld.com. (January 2011). Queensland Floods: The Economic Impact.

IBISWorld.com. PP. 1-9. Retrieved March 22, 2012 from http://www.ibisworld.com.au/common/pdf/QLD%20floods%20special%20report.pdf

The idea is that specific cuts -- a one-year wage freeze and a 1.5% contribution to health care benefits could bring the budgets into equilibrium with state funding and property taxes (Heininger, 2010). Impacts to the school board will include layoffs, program reductions, administrative pay freezes and in some cases an increase in the property tax levy.
School boards resist the issue because it will force them to make cuts that they feel are detrimental to operations. Hamstrung to some extent by union teacher contracts, school boards may not have substantial leeway on costs immediately, and therefore will need to make cuts in programming and administrative staffing.

For the school boards, wage freezes make it more difficult to attract talented new teachers and administrators. This could result in a reduced ability to deliver services. Also, it renders school board budgets to be more sensitive political issues, which was not the case…...

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Works Cited:

Steinberg, a. (2010). NJ school budget elections: The new Christie paradigm is triumphant. New Jersey Newsroom. Retrieved May 2, 2010 from http://www.newjerseynewsroom.com/commentary/nj-school-budget-elections-the-new-christie-paradigm-is-triumphant

Heininger, C. (2010). Gov. Chris Christie accuses NJ teachers union of using students like drug mules in school elections. NJ.com. Retrieved May 2, 2010 from  http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/04/gov_chris_christie_accuses_nj.html

08% 2.42% 2.78% 2.57% 2.69% 2.69% 2.54% 2006 3.99% 3.60% 3.36% 3.55% 4.17% 4.32% 4.15% 3.82% 2.06% 1.31% 1.97% 2.54% 3.24% 2005 2.97% 3.01% 3.15% 3.51% 2.80% 2.53% 3.17% 3.64% 4.69% 4.35% 3.46% 3.42% 3.39%
Trade deficit

The United States trade balance has been showing deficit since the 1970s, but the rapid growth of trade deficit started in 1997. The highest record of trade deficit was marked last year, as deficit of 2006 was equal to 763.6 billion dollars, which is 6.5% higher than in 2005. Yet, general observations show that negative trade balance has no negative impacts on GDP growth, in fact it had been observed that trade deficit was higher during years with higher GDP growth:

In those years since 1980 in which the current account deficit actually shrank as a share of GDP, real GDP growth averaged 1.9%.

In those years in which the deficit grew modestly, between 0.0 and 0.5%,…...

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Bibliography

Bernstein, Jared (2007) Moderate top-line growth masks underlying weakness. Retrieved July, 26 2007 from the Economic Policy Institute Web site:  http://www.epi.org/content.cfm/webfeatures_econindicators_jobspict_20070706 

Griswold, Daniel (2007) Are Trade Deficits a Drag on U.S. Economic Growth? Retrieved July, 26 2007 from Free Trade Bulletin Web site:  http://www.freetrade.org/node/598 

Goodman, Peter S. (2007) Oil Prices, Imported Goods Push Trade Gap to Record: Growth Forecasts Cut; Democrats Urge Action. Washington Post

US Census Bureau Web site:  http://www.census.gov

Economic Analysis: Durbin Amendment
As part of the Dodd- Frank financial regulatory overhaul passed in 2010, the Durbin Amendment was designed to "reduce costs for merchants that accept debit cards" (Sidel, R. December 8, 2011. PP. 1) by imposing a ceiling on the interchange fees which the banking service industry could charge their clients. As with most government intervention into economic activity, there is well intention to ameliorate perceived market failures, protect consumers, or more strongly regulate business. Yet, the Durbin Amendment demonstrates how externalities arise from beneficent government activity. In this case many small to medium size merchants, and consequently their customers are experiencing higher costs not lower.

Summary

he Durbin Amendment's ostensible goal is to protect merchants from the confiscatory pricing on debit card interchange fees charged by the banking industry. he legislation empowered the Federal Reserve to set interchange prices, "capping merchant customer debit card fees at 21 cents per…...

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The Durbin Amendment highlights multiple economic tenets; namely how price controls distort economic activity by artificially manipulating the supply and demand equilibrium, the incidence v. burden of taxes and fees, and supply-side drag due to reductions in innovation. Further explication of these concepts is warranted to illustrate the externalities of government intervention.

The interchange fee is fundamentally a price control, with a ceiling placed on the debit card transaction fee of 21 cents. A price ceiling in this case is placed below the market rate for interchange fees of 44 cents, and causes merchants to increase quantity demanded at the lower price, but equivocally witnesses banking institutions decreasing quantity supplied. As with all price ceilings, shortages result as the equilibrium price and quantity are distorted. In this case the shortages appear not only in transactions, as "consumers are encouraged to shift from debit cards to more profitable alternatives such as credit cards" (Zywicki, T. September 29, 2011. PP. 2), but also with banks recouping lost revenue through higher fees on other bank services.

As just noted, the impact of the price control is the change in behavior of buyers and sellers in what was an equilibrium market, but in typical fashion the effect is harmful to those the regulation meant to protect. Here the idea is that the incidence of a tax, fee, or price control is far different from the burden i.e. those who ultimately pay its cost. In the attempt to help merchants, the Durbin Amendment has in fact increased interchange fees for the small business owners. "Overnight, the variable costs of a transaction have tripled…my

Economic Analysis
New electronics market analysis

Competitor analysis is a tool used in marketing as well as strategic management whereby an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of an organizations both current and potential competitors is done. A useful technique in carrying out a competitor analysis is the construction of a competitor array. This is done through various steps first identification of the industry that the organization wants to venture into. This encompasses the scope and nature of that particular industry (Abahe.co, 2011). The second step involves the determination of competitors for the intended product. The third thing is identifying customers and the benefits they expect from the organization. It is also crucial to find out the key factors of success in the industry. Through this analysis the organization acquires both defensive and offensive strategic context so that it identifies threats and opportunities that are present. Competitor analysis is therefore a crucial…...

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References

Abahe.co (2011) .Marketing strategy and competitive analysis. Retrieved February 7, 2014 from  http://www.abahe.co.uk/business-administration/Marketing-Strategy-and-Competitive-Analysis.pdf 

Business Book Mall, (2011). How Elasticity of Demand Affects Total Revenue. Retrieved February 7, 2014 from  http://www.businessbookmall.com/economics_19_how_elasticity_of_demand_affects_total_revenue.htm 

Econ Model, (2011). Marginal Cost (MC). Retrieved February 7, 2014 from  http://www.econmodel.com/classic/terms/mc.htm 

Entrepreneur Media, Inc., (2013). Competitive Analysis. Retrieved February 7, 2014 from  http://www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/competitive-analysis

When looking at the importance of trade and foreign direct investment in the economy, Canada's stated policy is to sustain open markets and grant foreign companies national treatment, while securing access to foreign markets for Canadian firms (Trade policy regime: framework and objectives, 2007).
Information that is available suggests that there are significant differences in trade and investment policies and practices between the federal and provincial governments, as well as across provinces. In order to mitigate the effect of these policy differences on internal trade, the Agreement on Internal Trade (AIT), which came into effect in 1995, was established in order to reduce and eliminate barriers to the free movement of persons, goods, services and investment within Canada, and to establish an open, efficient and stable domestic market. The authorities indicated that provincial and territorial governments have made substantial progress in key areas of procurement, investment incentives, labour mobility, consumer-related…...

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References

Highlights of Medium-term Policy Relevant Research: Update 2009. (2010). Retrieved May 12,

2010, from Bank of Canada Web site:

 http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/fellowship/highlights_res_09.html 

Makarenko, Jay. (2007). The Canadian Dollar: Nature and Impacts of Canadian Exchange

However, by utilizing these tactics Apple has been able to build sales and revenue even in the face of rapidly-declining market share. The demand curve for Apple and Android are as follows. Note demand is still high for the iPhone in terms of number of customers, but it is losing ground to Android as the latter brings its average price down.
The future of the iPhone is a little bit less certain. The product has a much higher market share in wealthy markets than it does in emerging markets, because the company has focused more marketing and there is better capacity to purchase. However, the pace of innovation has slowed and as the industry matures Apple is also facing a situation where it must make a pricing decision again. The market is moving to oligopoly again, despite the persistent presence of Blackberry and Microsoft as bit players in the market.…...

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Works Cited:

Beggs, J. (2013). Absolute and comparative advantage. About.com. Retrieved April 23, 2013 from http://economics.about.com/od/Gains-From-Trade/ss/Absolute-and-Comparative-Advantage.htm

Investopedia. (2013). Monopolistic competition. Investopedia. Retrieved April 23, 2013 from  http://www.investopedia.com/exam-guide/cfa-level-1/microeconomics/monopolistic-competition.asp 

Thierer, a. (2011). How iPhones and Android ushered in a smartphone pricing revolution. Forbes. Retrieved April 23, 2013 from  http://www.forbes.com/sites/adamthierer/2011/07/10/how-iphones-and-androids-ushered-in-a-smartphone-pricing-revolution-2/

Economic Analysis: Electronic Arts Inc. (EA)
In this text, I concern myself with Electronic Arts, Inc. (EA). In so doing, I will amongst other things describe the business, its operations, and why I chose to focus on the company in my application of economic ideas. Further, I will also analyze Electronic Art's financial health using the relevant tools of financial analysis.

Electronic Arts, Inc. (EA)

Electronic Arts Inc. according to Yahoo! Finance (2013) "develops, markets, publishes, and distributes game software content and services for video game consoles, personal computers, mobile phones, tablets and electronic readers, and the internet." In terms of revenue, the company is the third-largest video games entity in the world. Its main competitors according to Yahoo! Finance (2013) include but they are not limited to Activision Blizzard, Inc. And Nintendo Co. Ltd.

Two things make Electronic Arts Inc. An interesting company to focus on. To begin with, the company happens to…...

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References

Hall, R.E. & Lieberman, M. (2012). Economics: Principles & Applications (6th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.

O'Cannor, D.E. (2004). The Basics of Economics. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.

Stickney, C.P., Weil, R.L., Schipper, K. & Francis, J. (2009). Financial Accounting: An Introduction to Concepts, Methods and Uses (13th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.

Yahoo! Finance (2013, March 2). Electronic Arts Inc. (EA) -- NasdaqGS. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from the Yahoo! Finance Website:  http://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=EA+Profile

The below chart illustrates the overall amounts of sales growth that have taken place between 2004 and 2009. (Financial Info 2010)
This is significant, because it shows how the underlying sales of Groupe Donone will depend upon the amounts of inflation and its impact on consumer spending. As periods of price increases, will be followed by: a severe slowdown in sales. In many ways, this highlights how the company's vulnerability to extreme changes in the economic cycle.

In the case of General Mills, they are following a similar kind of trend with, net sales for 2004 coming in at $11.0 billion or 5.3%. In 2008, the company would post sales of $13.6 billion of 9.8%. While in 2009, General Mills posted net sales of $14.6 billion or 8.0%. The below chart illustrates the economic growth of the company between 2004 and 2009. (10 K. General Mills 2005)

This is significant, because it…...

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Bibliography

10 K. General Mills, 2005, General Mills. Available from [22 August 2010].

Annual Report, 2010, Nestle. Available from [22 August 2010].

Consolidated Income Statement, 2008, Nestle. Available from [22 August 2010].

Consolidated Income Statement, 2009, Nestle. Available from [22 August 2010].

Economic Ideas
Economics can be considered as the study of the allocation of scarce resources that have potential alternative uses among the competing and virtually limitless want of consumers in society. The allocation of resources is necessary both at an individual and societal level. Economics considers the manner in which people are organized for economic tasks. Economics is applicable everywhere. Economics should be thought of in all the aspects rather than considering the things in the way they already are. This particular proposal explains the reason cars have their fuel doors on different sides. People line up and fuel their cars at the petrol station. However, it is noteworthy that some cars have their fuel filler door on the side of the driver while others have their fuel filler opening on the side of the passenger. This might be perceived as a normal aspect but is largely linked to economics. This…...

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References

Frank, R. (2009). Why Do Cars Have Fuel Doors on Different Sides? PBS Newshour. Retrieved 28 October, 2015 from:  http://www.pbs.org/newshour/making-sense/why-do-cars-have-fuel-doors-on/ 

Lanteri, A., Vromen, J. (2014). The Economics of Economists: Institutional Setting, Individual Incentives and Future Prospects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mankiw, N. (2012). Principles of Economics. Stamford: Cengage Learning.

Marshall, A. (2013). Principles of Economics. New York: Palgrave MacMilan.

economic analysis of the operating cost that are incurred in the running of a metro station. The paper also reveals the variables that are tied to the cost efficiency of the whole process of running a metro station. The cost of operating the stations is however grouped under the semi-fixed costs that are involved. This is because these costs do not vary proportionately with the output of the metro business. This paper seeks to shed light on some of the main factors that affect these costs. Empirical analysis reveals that very strong system specific factors influences costs but it is worth mentioning that there are other station specific details that also influences the costs. These include the number of platforms in the station, the length of the passageways, the interchange demand, availability of toilet facilities etc.We also discover that presence of air-conditioning has a great effect in the propulsion…...

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Bibliography

Bookbinder, J., and W. Qu. "Comparing the performance of Major American

Railroads." Transportation Research Forum

Cantos, P.,Pastor J, and Serrano L. "Cost and revenue inefficiencies in the European railways." International Journal of Transport Economic (2002)

Caves, D.W.,Christensen ., L.R., and Swanson J.A.. "Economic performance in regulated and unregulated environments: A comparison of U.S. And Canadian railways." The Quarterly Journal of Economics (1981)

Even Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac should be made totally independent from the government. This should be followed up by other methods to increase the individual ownership of housing and at the same time reduce the costs of owning a house. Even if the housing sector cannot be made totally private, it is important that the government make statements saying that it has no intentions of supporting Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac any further, and at the same time, try to improve the operations of these two companies. This can be achieved by limiting the amount of debt that these regulatory deposit organizations can hold and also focusing clearly with the two institutions on the sections of the housing market where their activities would provide the best social benefits. (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Housing Finance: Why True Privatization Is Good Public Policy)
The weakness comes from the feeling that…...

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References

After the Housing Boom. 11 April, 2005. Retrieved at   Accessed on 30 April, 2005http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_15/b3928001_mz001.htm .

Cederholm, Fred. Is the Housing Market Going to Crash? Retrieved at   Accessed on 30 April, 2005http://baltimorechronicle.com/033105Cederholm.shtml .

Federal Home Loan Bank System. Retrieved at Accessed on 30 April, 2005http://www.fhfb.gov/FHLB/FHLBS.htm.

Housing' Direct Economic Impact. 2005. Retrieved at   on 30 April, 2005http://www.nahb.org/generic.aspx?sectionID=784&genericContentID=543Accessed 

Economic Analysis
Application of Cost Benefit Analysis

EU Proposed Project Overview

Traffic Forecast

Investment Costs

Positive Impact of the Project

Economic Net Present Value (ENPV)

Cost benefit analysis (CBA) is a systematic process of comparing and calculating the cost benefit of a project. Recent business uncertainties within business environment make increasing number of businesses to implement cost benefit analysis to make a sound investment decision. Cost-benefit analysis is also an explicit or implicit method to assess the benefits and costs of a project. Typically, an organization is likely to go ahead with a project if the Benefits (B) > Costs (C). Cost-benefit analysis is often used by private organizations or government to evaluate the desirability of a project. (Anthony, David, Aidan.). The CBA is used to analyze the expected benefits and costs. However, cost effectiveness analysis is closely related to cost benefit analysis. Although both concepts attempt to achieve the same objectives, however, cost-benefit analysis is…...

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Works Cited

Anthony Boardman, David Greenberg, Aidan Vining. Cost-Benefit Analysis: Concepts and Practice, 4/E. 2010.

European Union. Guide to Cost-Benefit Analysis of Investment Project. Regional European Union. 1997, Retrieved March 25, 2013.from  http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guides/cost/guide02_en.pdf 

European Commission. EVA-TREN: Improved decision-aid methods and tools to support evaluation of investment for transport and energy networks in Europe, Deliverable 2, Brussels. 2007.

Levin, Henry and McEwen, Patrick. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 2nd Edition Sage Publications 2001.

1% and agriculture 6.0%. ("Jamaica," 2010) The U.S. is more heavily focused on services, with this accounting for 76.9% of the GDP. This is followed by: industry (coming in at 21.9%) and agriculture (accounting for 1.2%). ("United States," 2010)
Labor Force

The labor force of Jamaica is currently 1.311 million people. ("Jamaica," 2010) While the labor force of the United States is 154.2 million. ("United States," 2010)

Labor Force by Occupation

The labor force by occupation for Jamaica would include: 64% working in services, 19% in industry and 17% in agriculture. ("Jamaica," 2010) In the U.S. The labor force is divided differently with: 37% working in managerial / professional positions, 24.2% in sales / services, 20.3% in manufacturing, 17.6% in other services and .7% in farming. ("United States," 2010)

Population below the Poverty Line

The total population that is living below the poverty line in Jamaica is: 14.8%. ("Jamaica," 2010) In the United States this number…...

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Bibliography

Country Comparison GDP Purchasing Power Parity. (2010). CIA World Fact Book. Retrieved from:  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html?countryName=Jamaica&countryCode=jm&regionCode=ca&rank=114#jm 

Details Emerge on Dudus Coke Arrest. (2010). Repeating Islands. Retrieved from:  http://repeatingislands.com/2010/06/23/details-emerge-on-dudus-coke%E2%80%99s-arrest/ 

Human Development Report 2009 Rankings. (2009). Human Development Report. Retrieved from:  http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/ 

Jamaica. (2010). CIA World Fact Book. Retrieved from:  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jm.html

Essay Topic 1: The Evolution of Feminist Thought: From Suffrage to Intersectionality

Trace the historical trajectory of feminist thought, from the early suffrage movement to contemporary intersectional feminism.
Analyze the shifting definitions and goals of feminism over time.
Examine the impact of social, political, and economic factors on feminist ideologies.

Essay Topic 2: The Intersectionality of Feminism: Identity, Power, and Oppression

Explore the concept of intersectionality and its significance within feminist theory.
Discuss how race, gender, class, sexuality, and other identities intersect to create unique experiences of oppression and empowerment.
Analyze the ways in which intersectionality challenges dominant feminist narratives and....

1. The Fall of Rome: A Multifaceted Collapse

This title captures the complexities of Rome's downfall, suggesting that it was not a singular event but rather a series of contributing factors.

2. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Lessons from History

This title highlights the historical significance of Rome's fall and its relevance to understanding other societal collapses.

3. Unraveling the Threads of Empire: The Causes of Rome's Demise

This title employs a metaphor to depict the intricate factors that led to the dissolution of the Roman Empire.

4. The End of an Era: Exploring the Collapse of Roman Civilization

This title focuses on the....

Sure! Here are some lesser-known but interesting essay topics on microeconomics:

1. The impact of behavioral economics on consumer decision-making
2. The role of network effects in the digital economy
3. The economics of happiness: measuring and maximizing individual well-being
4. The economics of crime and punishment: analyzing the cost-benefit of criminal behavior
5. The effects of income inequality on economic growth and social stability
6. The economic implications of environmental sustainability and conservation efforts
7. The economics of addiction: analyzing the behavior of individuals with addictive tendencies
8. The role of game theory in understanding strategic decision-making in business and economics
9. The economics of discrimination: analyzing the....

The Impact of Social Media on Consumer Behavior:

This topic explores the transformative effect of social media on consumer decision-making. Analyze how platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok shape consumer preferences, influence brand loyalty, and drive purchasing patterns. Examine the role of influencers, algorithms, and target marketing in shaping consumer behavior and discuss the implications for businesses and marketers.

Behavioral Economics in Healthcare:

Behavioral economics integrates psychological principles into economic analysis. In healthcare, this approach can provide valuable insights into patient decision-making, adherence to treatment, and demand for healthcare services. Discuss how behavioral economics can be applied to improve healthcare outcomes, design effective....