Twentieth Century
The Gilded Age witnessed industrial progress and accumulated wealth that boosted the growth of the middle class, yet at the same time there was the spread of "appalling" conditions in the slum areas of the cities, the farmers were in desperate times, and factory workers and others were trampled upon by the wheels of progress (Progressive pp). The "war between capital and labor" demonstrated that Americans were willing to fight for their economic rights, and many historians believe that if the conditions of the working poor had not been addresses, the country very likely would have been thrown into another revolution (Progressive pp). Yet, a revolution did actually take place, just not on the battlefield (Progressive pp). It was called the Progressive Movement, and as a basic conservative movement, it was not meant to cause as stir, but to address the problems of society and find solutions in…...

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Work Cited

The Age of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1933-1945. Retrieved October 17, 2005 from:

 http://www.eduref.org/Virtual/Lessons/crossroads/sec2/essay10.html 

Boom or Bust. Retrieved October 17, 2005 from:

 http://www.eduref.org/Virtual/Lessons/crossroads/sec2/essay09.html

Architect Frank Lloyd right went beyond even Ives's achievements. Sharing affection for the organic ideas of the American Renaissance before the Civil ar and asserting that form and function were one, right developed the Prairie school of architecture. This tried to integrate the design of housing and the land it used and forced Americans to think more carefully about rapid urbanization. In terms of the impact that he had abroad right's work still influences architects and city planners today (Progressive Movement, 2010).
A lot happened during the reform movement all which had some effect on the way that we live today. It changed things in this country on a political, social and economic level that helped this country to progress forward and become what it is today. History provides a wonderful building block upon which we can grow and expand. It gives us the insight into what worked and what…...

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Works Cited

"Progressing into the 20th Century the Progressive Movement." (n.d.). 14 February 2010,

"Progressive Movement." (2010). 14 February 2010,

Feminism 19th and Early 20th Century America
riting and women's roles were unavoidably mixed in the late 1800s and early 1900s. It was a time in which many women protested their restrictions through novels, poetry, pamphlets, and speeches. By analyzing those creations, readings can begin to understand the lives of those forward-looking women. In their own time, people dismissed them as inconsequential complainers. Minority authors, like blacks and lesbians were even more ignored. However, by learning about their work, we can learn about the daily life of the social classes to which they belonged.

Many people feel that our socioeconomic status limits our understanding of others (McClish and Bacon). Because our understanding is limited by our own viewpoint from our socioeconomic status, patriarchal societies tend to limit self-expression to that which is compatible with the patriarchy. As a result, it's important to remember to ask questions based one's own experience, instead…...

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Works Cited

Markley, A.A. "Laughing That I May Not Weep": Mary Shelley's Short Fiction and Her Novels." Keats-Shelley Journal (1997): 97-124.

McClish, Glen and Jacqueline Bacon. "Telling the Story Her Own Way": the Role of Feminist Standpoint Theory in Rhetorical Studies." Rhetoric Society Quarterly (2002): 27-55.

Ross, Christine. "Logic, Rhetoric, and Discourse in the Literary Texts of Nineteenth-Century Women." Rhetoric Society Quarterly (2002): 85-109.

Feminism 19th and Early 20th Century America
riting and woman suffrage were inextricably intertwined in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Suffrage gave them a voice, and they used that voice to challenge the early American patriarchal status quo. By examining those works, new light can be brought to bear on suffrage activists, who at the time were thought to be an unimportant fringe group. Through a study of their work, we can learn more about their day-to-day lives.

According to Sandra Harding in McClish and Bacon (p. 28), one's own knowledge depends on one's position in society. hen one is a subordinate in the social hierarchy, one understands life differently than someone at the top of the social hierarchy. However, as the most powerful write history, it tends to be rather one-sided. Since that is the case, Harding argues that these different viewpoints are equally valid. By looking at what…...

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Works Cited

Bullough, Vern, ed. Encyclopedia of Birth Control. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2001.

Laffrado, Laura. Uncommon women: gender and representation in nineteenth-century U.S. women's writing. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University, 2009.

McClish, Glen and Jacqueline Bacon. "Telling the Story Her Own Way": the Role of Feminist Standpoint Theory in Rhetorical Studies." Rhetoric Society Quarterly (2002): 27-55.

Porche, Amy S. "The Fashioning of Fanny Fern: A Study of Sara Willis Parton's Early Career, 1851-1854." 2010. Georgia State University Digital Archive, English Dissertations. 6 December 2011 .

Exoticism in 19th & 20th Century Opera
The Exoticism of Madame Butterfly, Carmen, & Aida

This paper will use three examples of 19th and 20th century opera to examine and interpret the term "exoticism." The paper will take time to clarify the relativity of the term exoticism and how it manifests in these three works. What is exoticism and how does it work? What is the function of exoticism in culture, in art, and in general? What does it reflect about a culture and what desires does exoticism express? The paper will attempt to ask and answer more questions utilizing Madame Butterfly, Carmen, and Aida as examples of the exotic at work in art.

We must first consider that exoticism is a relative term. When referring to three operas from the west, readers must take into account that what is exotic in the west is not what is universally exotic. Therefore the representations…...

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References:

Crebas, Aya & Dick Pels. "The Character of Carmen and the Social Construction of a New Feminine Myth." Center for European Studies, Working Paper Series #5, December 12, 1987.

Harwood, Buie, Bridget May, Phd, & Curt Sherman. "Exoticism: 1830s -- 1920s." Architecture and Interior Design from the 19th Century: An Integrated History, Volume 2,-Page 212 -- 235. Prentice Hall, 2009.

Locke, Ralph P. "A Broader View of Musical Exoticism." The Journal of Musicology, Volume 24, No. 4, Pages 477 -- 521. University of California Press, 2007.

Locke, Ralph P. "Beyond the exotic: How 'Eastern' is Aida?" Cambridge Opera Journal, Volume 17, No. 2, Pages 105 -- 139. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005.

The progressive era in American political culture set the stage for President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. Starting in the 1890s, the Progressive Era drew upon Marxist theory of labor exploitation to help balance unbridled capitalist growth during the Gilded Age of industrial development. Progressivism welcomed social and technological progress both by suggesting reforms in both government and business to reduce corruption and ensure a higher quality of life for all Americans. Two of the progressive political party movements during the turn of the century included the Populist Party and the Bull Moose Party. Progressive values then later became embedded in the platform of the Democratic Party when President Franklin Roosevelt became president.
Some of the specific issues spearheaded by the Progressive movement included labor rights, women's suffrage, and anti-trust laws. During the age of urbanization, the Progressive movement helped to improve what was rapidly becoming deplorable and deteriorating living and working…...

Paragraph 1: Explain the ways and causes in which the “New South” emerged economically in the late 19th century and the impact on the region after the Civil War. The New South was characterized by a shift from a plantation-based economy to one which was more industrialized and therefore similar to the North (Dixon, 2009). Unionization proliferated, giving new empowerment to lower class whites. Skilled labor, capital, and new wealth was generated. The South began to rebuild. On the other hand, African-Americans were simultaneously disempowered through a network of Jim Crow laws.
Paragraph 2: Explain the European and Asian Immigration described as “the New Immigrants” and how they were viewed in the late 19th century by American society.
Immigration reached new heights after the Civil War, surging to “5.2 million in the 1880s then surging to 8.2 million in the first decade of the 20th century” (“The New Immigrants,” 2016, par. 4). In…...

Child Labour: 1880-1920 -- Annotated Bibliography
Paterson, . (2006). Bread and roses, too. New York: Clarion Books.

This book, a secondary resource, is a children's historical novel that depicts the 1912 Lawrence Strike (also known as Bread and Roses) from the perspective of two children, Rosa Serutti and Jake Beale. Born to Italian parents, Rosa attends school, while her mother and sister work at a mill in Lawrence, Massachusetts. Even though they work in the mill, Rosa's family cannot afford the clothes they make. Rosa is portrayed as the protector of Beale, who also works in the mills and resides in the streets to avoid his abusive father. Written by an award-winning author, the novel chronicles one of the most infamous strikes in the history of the U.S. The strike was the first in the country to be organised by women, with immigrants from 25 different nationalities participating in it. Paterson's historical…...

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Klein, C. (2012). The strike that shook America. Retrieved from:  http://www.history.com/news/the-strike-that-shook-america-100-years-ago 

Smithsonian Source (2016). Primary sources. Retrieved from:  http://www.smithsoniansource.org/about/ 

The History Place (2016). Child labour in America 1908-1912. Retrieved from:  http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/

Exoticism in 19th & 20th Century Opera
Exoticism in 19th and 20th Century Opera

Exoticism was a cultural invention of the 17th Century, enjoying resurgence in the 19th and 20th Centuries due to increased travel and trade by Europeans in foreign, intriguing continents. The "est," eventually including the United States, adapted and recreated elements of those alluring cultures according to estern bias, creating escapist art forms that blended fantasy with reality. Two examples of Exoticism in Opera are Georges Bizet's "Carmen," portraying cultural bias toward gypsies and Basques, and Giacomo Puccini's "Madama Butterfly," portraying cultural bias toward the Far East. "Carmen" was developed from a single original source while "Madama Butterfly" was a fusion of several sources that developed successively; nevertheless, both operas remain distinguished examples of Exoticism in Opera.

Exoticism in History and Culture

Meaning "that which is introduced from or originating in a foreign (especially tropical) country or as something which is…...

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Works Cited

Boyd, A. (n.d.). Exoticism. Retrieved from The Imperial Archive Web site: http://www.qub.ac.uk/imperial/key-concepts/Exoticism.htm

New York City Opera Project. (n.d.). New York City Opera Project: Carmen | Madama Butterfly. Retrieved from Columbia University Web site:  http://www.columbia.edu/itc/music/NYCO 

The Metropolitan Opera. (2011). Carmen | Madama Butterfly. Retrieved from Metropolitan Opera Family Web site: http://www.metoperafamily.org

" The revolution was also responsible for establishing "conditions for an era of economic development. Capitalist development had begun in Mexico prior to the revolution, but it had been constrained by the power of the large landholders and lacked the sponsorship of an active, development-oriented state (MacEwan)."
During the 1920s and 1930s, the modern Mexican state "came to embody the dual heritage of the Mexican revolution, representing and containing the interests of Mexico's working people and also leading a process of capitalist development by actively intervening in the country's economic life, resulting in a highly nationalist state. The revolution had in part been a reaction to the power of foreign investors, and nationalist policies struck a popular chord (MacEwan)."

In order for the country's economy to experience its total growth potential, it was essential that Mexican capital receive "support for the state and protection from foreign competition (MacEwan)."

Russia's Revolution

The Russian Revolution in…...

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Works Cited

MacEwan, Arthur. Banishing the Mexican Revolution. Monthly Review. (1991): 01 November.

The Path to Revolution. (accessed 12 October, 2004).  http://www.interknowledge.com/russia/rushis06.htm ).

Unknown. India. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. (2004): 22 April.

Classic Airlines Case
In the early 20th century two young men by the names of Orville and Wilbur Wright made what some argue as the greatest transportation invention ever discovered outside of the automobile. This 50 pound glider with a wingspan of approximately 17 feet would revolutionize the manner in which humans across the world would travel. In fact, this 12 second flight was so instrumental, that the Wright brothers will be forever remembered for their contributions to both aviation and society (Wright Brothers - First Flight of an Airplane, 2011). Now, fast forward 100 years into the future and a very different era has risen in the aviation industry. This era has been marred by excessive bankruptcies, mass consolidation, and national security concerns. ecently the issue of airport security has risen to the forefront. During the aftermath of the September 11th attacks and constant concern regarding Middle Eastern regimes to…...

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References

1) Wright Brothers - First Flight of an Airplane." Inventors. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. .

2) Airline Industry Profile from First Research." Industry Statistics, Trends and Analysis from First Research, a D&B Company. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. .http://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/articles/030915/15airlines.htm

3) September 11 and the Restructuring of the Airline Industry | Dollars & Sense." Dollars and Sense: Real World Economics. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. .

4) Traffic and Capacity Analysis." Home. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. .

It wasn't until the 1920s and '30s that their blue-collar counterparts began to get paid vacations as well.
Americans in the late 20th century "worked more days per year than workers in other prosperous nations, such as those in Europe, yet on average, had less vacation time (Sabga, 2001)." Americans averaged two to three weeks off a year, in sharp contrast to many European nations which guaranteed up to six weeks a year. This is due to the fact "unlike in other countries, particularly Europe, vacations in the United States are not guaranteed by the government (Sabga, 2001)."

oles of Women

Women have played important roles in science and technology, however many times they have faced "social, economic, and intellectual obstacles (Kohlstedt, 2004)." In the early 20th century, the United States benefited from the efforts of "women of distinction like Anna

Botsford Comstock and Ellen Swallow ichards, while in Europe physicist Marie Curie…...

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References

Asmar, Marwan. Dr. (31 December, 1999). "The makers of the 20th century." The Star (Jordan,

Middle East.

Cowen, Tyler. (January, 2000). "Who Says the Arts Are Dying?" USA Today (Magazine). (accessed 28 November, 2004). www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m1272/2656_128/58576593/p1/article.jh).

Kohlstedt, Sally Gregory. (22 March, 2004). "Sustaining gains: reflections on women in science and technology in 20th-century United States." NWSA Journal.

The student journalists sued, citing the Tinker standard (Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, 1988).
The issue in this case, while similar to those of Tinker and Fraser, differed in that the question was not about "obviously inappropriate" language, or about viewpoint discrimination. Instead, the issue was whether a school official had the right to censor school-sponsored publications if they believe the material is inappropriate for some students, or that the material will disrupt the school atmosphere. ather than being a question of power over dissent, the issue was over pedagogical concerns (Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, 1988).

In a 5-3 vote, the Court ruled that the school did have a right to censor school-sponsored publications when their reasoning was based on legitimate concerns about the educational atmosphere. In their decision, the Court noted the difference between private student speech and student speech that is sponsored by the school. Since the school-sponsored…...

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References

Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser, 478 U.S. 675 (1986).

Dowling-Sendor, B. (July, 2001). A question of rights vs. authority. American School Board Journal, 188(7), 25-27.

Dowling-Sendor, B. (January, 2003). The sad case of the Columbine tiles. American School Board Journal, 190(1), 35-40.

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, 484 U.S. 260 (1988).

Frank Lloyd's Prairie And Usonian Style
Few architects in the 1900s compare to Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 -- April 9, 1959) who was also an interior designer and writer. Throughout his lifetime, Wright was credited with over a thousand designs and over half of these constructed. Wright who was a famous lover of organic architecture was in the forefront of the Prairie School architectural movement and invented the Usonian home model. Many office buildings, schools and even museums were designed with the unique style of Prairie School Architecture by him (Prairie School Architecture).

Wright was born in 1867 into the family of William Carey Wright (1825 -- 1904) and Anna Lloyd Jones (1838 -- 1923) who resided in the agricultural settlement of ichland Centre, Wisconsin. Both of his parents were teachers although his father was politically and legally inclined. When Wright came of age, he travelled to Chicago -which was…...

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References

Prairie School Architecture. Frank Lloyd Wright. january 2017. .

Mitchell, Nancy. Frank Lloyd Wright's Usonian Houses. 4 July 2013. .

American Immigration
Globally, the United States has been known as "a nation of immigrants" almost from its inception. Beginning in the 1600s with English Puritans and continuing today, America is a melting pot of culture and ethnicity. In fact, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, immigration was the major source of U.S. population growth. Looking over our 200+ years we find that to clearly be true, with approximately 1 million immigrants coming to America during the 17th and 18th century. Almost 3 million arrived during the 1860s, and another 3 million in the 1870s. In the next four decades, the number of immigrants rose to over 25 million people, most from various European nations, most arriving in New York or one of the Eastern seaports (Damon, 1981). Despite the politicization, as of 2006, the United States actually was the number one country globally to accept legal immigrants into…...

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REFERENCES

Anderson, S. (2010). Immigration. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Brooks, P. (2004). Immigration. Chicago, IL: Heinemann Library.

Damon, A. (1981, December). Immigration: A Look at the Record. AmericanHeritage.com.

Retrieved from:   / magazine/ah/1981/1/1981_1_50.shtmlhttp://www.americanheritage.com/immigration/articles 

Cosmetology: A Comprehensive Overview

Cosmetology is the art and science of enhancing the appearance of the skin, hair, and nails. It encompasses various treatments and techniques aimed at improving one's overall physical appearance. This essay provides a comprehensive overview of cosmetology, exploring its history, evolution, different branches, and significance in society.

The History of Cosmetology

Cosmetology has its roots in ancient civilizations, where people used natural ingredients like herbs, minerals, and oils to adorn themselves. In ancient Egypt, for example, women applied kohl to their eyes and wore elaborate wigs made from human hair or wool. In ancient Greece, men and women used....

 Introduction:

The Little Albert Experiment, conducted by John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner in 1920, stands as a seminal study in the field of psychology. This experiment sought to investigate the principles of classical conditioning, focusing on the acquisition, generalization, and extinction of conditioned fear responses in a human infant. The Little Albert Experiment has had a profound impact on our understanding of behaviorism and remains a foundational study in the history of psychology.

 The Experiment:

Watson and Rayner meticulously selected an 11-month-old infant, Albert B., for their experiment. They began by introducing Albert to a variety of stimuli, including a white rat,....

1. Analyze Ethan Frome as a tragic hero, considering his flaws and the events that ultimately lead to his downfall.
2. Discuss the theme of isolation in Ethan Frome, exploring how characters such as Ethan, Zeena, and Mattie experience loneliness and alienation.
3. Compare and contrast the contrasting settings of Starkfield and the Frome household to illustrate the stifling atmosphere that permeates the novel.
4. Explore the role of fate and destiny in Ethan Frome, considering how the characters' choices and actions are ultimately determined by external forces.
5. Examine the theme of duty and responsibility in the novel, focusing on how Ethan's sense....

I. Introduction
A. Background information on Canada as a land of immigrants
B. Thesis statement: Discrimination has been a significant barrier preventing immigrants from coming to Canada throughout history.

II. Discrimination against Chinese immigrants
A. Head tax imposed on Chinese immigrants in 1885
B. Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923
C. Impact of discrimination on Chinese immigrant populations

III. Discrimination against South Asian immigrants
A. Komagata Maru incident in 1914
B. Continuous journey regulation of 1908
C. Legal barriers preventing South Asian immigrants from coming to Canada

IV. Discrimination against Jewish immigrants
A. Limited entry for Jewish refugees during World War II
B. Anti-Semitic....