Dominican Republic (DR)
Demographic Profile

Location: The Dominican Republic is located in the Caribbean, on the eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti.

Area: Total: 48,730 sq km; Land: 48,380 sq km; Water: 350 sq km.

Climate: The climate is considered tropical maritime, meaning it has little seasonal temperature variation and seasonal variation in rainfall.

Natural resources: Nickel, bauxite, gold, and silver.

Land use: Arable land: 21.08%; permanent crops: 9.92%; Other: 69%.

8,721,594 (2002 estimate).

Age structure: 0-14 years: 33.7% (male 1,503,344; female 1,439,157); 15-64 years: 61.3% (male 2,720,308; female 2,621,539); 65 years and over: 5% (male 206,556; female 230,690).

Nationality: Dominican.

Ethnic groups: White 16%, black 11%, mixed 73%.

Religion: Roman Catholic: 95%.

Languages: Spanish.

Literacy (meaning age 15 and over can read and write): Total population: 82.1%;

male: 82%; female: 82.2%.

Gross Domestic product (GDP): $50 billion.

GDP per capita: $5,800.

GDP - composition by sector: Agriculture: 11%; industry: 34%; services: 55%.

Gross National…...

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Bibliography

Connolly, Joyce, Doggett, Scott. Lonely Planet Dominican Republic and Haiti (Dominican Republic and Haiti, 2nd Ed). Lonely Planet, 2002.

McMillan, Carol. Globalization and the Dominican Republic: Transformations in Everyday Life. Coyote Magazine, May 22, 2002.

World Factbook 2002. Dominican Republic. Retrieved online on 3/18/03 at  http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/dr.html .

Source: World Factbook 2002. Dominican Republic. Retrieved online on 3/18/03 at

However, following several years of seizing ownership of the bulk of the vital businesses, he started to have stake in the important American-owned industries also, especially, the extremely vital -sugar industry. These takeover ploys connected with Trujillo's interfering in the internal matters of adjacent nations, resulted in more and more U.S. dissatisfaction with the autocrat of the Dominican epublic. (History of the Dominican epublic)
The Trujillo administration for more than thirty years made massive spending in building infrastructure, however, the despot himself, his family, and his associates cornered the major part of the monetary gains. Trujillo's chief avenues of gaining his riches were the national sugar industry that he speedily scaled up during the 1950s in spite of a subdued global market. In the route to setting up his massive fortune, he evicted farmers from their land, plundered the state treasury, and built a private estate akin to those of…...

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References

Background Note: Dominican Republic. Retrieved at  http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35639.htm 

50 Cents on the Dollar in the Dominican Republic. Retrieved from by Bob Kelly, http://articles.simplysearch4it.com/article/00014/2369.html

Country Studies: Economic Policy. Retrieved at  http://www.country-studies.com/dominican-republic/economic-policy.html 

Dominican Republic: Balance of Payments. Retrieved at (  (DOCID+do0075)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r-frd/cstdy:@field 

The idea is that if such a significant portion of the country's GDP is being funneled into international debt payments and there isn't enough money to improve social services needed to reduce poverty, then the country should improve the quality and efficiency of the institutions that are in place so as to maximize their ability to reach those who are in most need in the nation. Until the country's international debts have been forgiven or paid off, it is crucial that the resources that are available be used as efficiently as possible.
In order to improve the lives of the people of the Dominican Republic who are suffering under the burden of poverty, it is crucial that the country expand access to critical social services, especially to the rural poor. Doing so, though, will be difficult considering the significant weight of national debt that the country currently bears. ith so…...

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Works Cited

Dominican Republic Poverty Assessment: Poverty in a High-Growth Economy (1986-2000)." Volume I. The World Bank. 17 Dec. 2001. 29 Nov. 2007  http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/04/05/000094946_02032804010255/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf .

Economic Indicators -- Dominican Republic." EarthTrends Country Profiles. 2003. 29 Nov. 2007  http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/eco_cou_214.pdf .

Langston, Esther. "Political and Economic Crisis in the Dominican Republic." Crisis in the Dominican Republic. 16 May 2000. 29 Nov. 2007  http://www.saxakali.com/caribbean/elangston.htm .

Schipke, Alfred. "Central America Aims for Stronger Growth." International Monetary Fund. 2 Aug. 2007. 29 Nov. 2007  http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2007/CAR082B.htm .

Dominican epublic History
The Dominican epublic was a nation bound by the Haitian government before rebelling and becoming an independent nation. During this time of political upheaval and social uprising, various men stood forth as the leaders of the policy-changing movements that were occurring at the time. After one of the founding fathers of the Dominican epublic, Juan Pablo Duarte, was exiled, two men came into power: Pedro Santana and Buenaventura Baez (San Miguel, 2009). Both men contributed greatly to the political and economic demise of the Dominican epublic. These two self-proclaimed generals initiated the time period known as the Era of the Dual Cuadillos.

Pedro Santana, the first self-proclaimed President and later dictator of the Dominican epublic had a background in the military. It was this exact background that gave him to power to overtake Duarte's government and appoint himself the Dominican epublic's first President after obtaining freedom from Haiti (San…...

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References:

Gregory, S. (2007). Devil behind the mirror: Globalization and politics in the Dominican Republic. Berkley: University of California Press.

San Miguel, P. (2009). The imagined land: History, identity, and utopia in Hispaniola. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Haiti and Dominican Republic: Future Political-Economic Integration
Haiti Dominican Republic, a future political economic integration

Domestic and regional political processes and competition between different interest groups aid in the explanation of change and development processes or lack of the two in Haiti. Political economy and analytical frameworks contribute in making links between the underlying factors and the impact of development in a public manner. Each country has bodies charged with the aim of promoting political and economic integration with an aim of achieving positive results and limiting the negative impact

A combination of political and economic integration promotes sustainability of a country or nation by generation of higher income and facilitation of clean energy. It also promotes peace and harmony in the country and between the country and its neighbours. However, economic integration may cause degradation of natural resources because of exploitation and bring inequity in the region. All that determines the outcome…...

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Bibliography

Accilien, Ce-cile, Jessica Adams, Elmide Me-le-ance, and Jean-Pierre Ulrick. 2006.

Revolutionary freedoms. Coconut Creek, FL: Caribbean Studies Press.

Clammer, Paul, Michael Grosberg, and Jens Porup. 2008. Dominican Republic & Haiti.

Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet.

Dominican epublic is an island nation of rich culture and lasting tradition, located in the Caribbean Sea. Winning its status as an independent republic in 1844, the republic is best known for its beaches, resorts, and unique history (Brown, 1999). However, it is perhaps the unique blend of cultural influences from around the world that make this beautiful island the fascinating area it is today. Its influences, stemming from African, Taino, Spanish, and English origin, combine to create an experience more unique than those found almost anywhere in the world.
Of these influences, the Taino Indian culture is the first that can be noted in almost all areas of life in the Dominican epublic. The Tainos inhabited the island from before 11 A.D. through the colonization of the island by Columbus and the Spanish in 1492 (Brown, 1999). From the agricultural practices and foods to the religion and art, the…...

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References

Austerlitz, P. (1998). The Jazz Tinge in Dominican Music: A Black Atlantic Perspective. Black Music Research Journal, 2(1), 1-3.

Brown, I.Z. (1999). Culture and Customs of the Dominican Republic. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Cambeira, A. (1997). Quisqueya La Bella: The Dominican Republic in Historical and Cultural Perspective. Armonk, NY M.E. Sharpe, Inc.

R., M.H. (2000). Sugar and Power in the Dominican Republic: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Trujillos. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Immigration Experience From the Dominican Republic
Two sovereign states share the Caribbean island of Santo Domingo: the Dominican Republic occupies two thirds of the island to the east, and Haiti the remaining third to the west. After Cuba, the Dominican Republic is the second largest nation in the Caribbean region, covering more than eighteen square miles and an estimated 10 million people (embassy). Santo Domingo is the nation's capital. Founded in 1486, it was the first permanent colony to be established in the western hemisphere.

In the second half of the twentieth century, the people of the Dominican Republic went through three separate waves of migration. The first two were largely migration of political refugees, and the third was motivated more by economics. The first wave began in 1961 and was prompted by the assassination of the nation's military dictator, General Rafael Trujillo. The ensuing political unrest and fear of military conflict…...

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Works Cited

Gonzalez, Juan. (2001). Harvest of Empire: a History of Latinos in America. New York, NY: Penguin Group USA.

Hope, Elizabeth. (2002). Skilled Labour Migration from Developing Countries: study on the Caribbean region. Geneva Introduction to the Dominican Republic. Embassy of the Dominican Republic. Retrieved December 7, 2010, from  http://www.domrep.org/gen_info.html 

Rumbaut, R.G. (2008). The Americans: Latin American and Caribbean Peoples in the United States. New Interpretive Essays, p288.

Santo Domingo and the entire island of Hispanola briefly became a contested New orld outpost for other resource-hungry Europeans. In 1586, Englishman Francis Drake conquered Santo Domingo. The English invasion drove out most of the Spanish settlers but Drake did not establish an English settlement in Santo Domingo. Instead, Drake looted the city and left the demolished town for pirates to plunder and pillage.
Almost a century later the French took aim at Santo Domingo and the entire island of Hispanola. First conquering the western half of the island, the French then briefly occupied the eastern half and Santo Domingo. The French drove in slaves from Africa in an attempt to cull the island's natural resources for economic gain, a move that also backfired on the French colonialists. Remarkably successful slave revolts forced the French to abandon post, liberating Haiti and placing Hispanola including the city Santo Domingo under Haitian…...

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Works Cited

Minster, Christopher. "The History of Santo Domingo, Domincan Republic." Retrieved Sept 30, 2008 from  http://latinamericanhistory.about.com/od/historyofthecaribbean/p/santodomingo.htm 

UNESCO. "Colonial City of Santo Domingo." Retrieved Sept 30, 2008 from  http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/526/

Dominican Culture: An Overview
The Dominican epublic is unique from all other Latin American nations in part because it's heritage relates to Haitian cultural traditions rather than solely Spanish ones, much like the rest of Latin America (Brown & Standish, 1999). In fact, the Dominican epublic received its independence from Haiti not Spain (Brown & Standish, 1999). This is not to say that Spanish colonial influences are not evident in the country; in fact they are widespread, particularly within the realm of architectural structures and art.

The official religion of the Dominican epublic is oman Catholicism (Brown & Standish, 1999:69). More than 90% of the citizens living in this country are oman Catholic. There are other religions prevalent in the country however including Protestantism and the traditional religious system of native Taino Indians, who practice cohoba religious ceremonies and also Gaga, which is the Dominican version of voodooism (Brown & Standish, 1999).…...

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References:

Brown, Isabel K. & Standish, Peter. "Culture and Customs of the Dominican Republic."

Westport, Greenwood Press, 1999.

Kryzanek, Michael J. & Wiarda, Howard J. "The Dominican Republic." Boulder,

Westview Press, 1992.

S. Marines departed, after in effect being an occupying force on foreign soil, they left "a tender wound, making the Dominicans extremely sensitive to any hint of U.S. interference in Dominican affairs and quick 'to resent any slight, any tactlessness' on the part of the U.S. representatives."
To conclude this portion of the paper, the question is pertinent: why was the U.S. so embarrassingly unprepared for the power grab by Trujillo in February, 1930? oorda explains that the envoy to the Dominican epublic, John Moors Cabot, only 28 years old, misjudged "the distribution of power between the civilian chief of state and the military commander, a mistake repeatedly frequently" by American diplomats, while a nationalism fueled by militarist dictators "swept across the region" in the early 1930s. Meantime, the U.S. backed Trujillo, and even assisted him. It was all part of the American "Good Neighbor" policy: nonintervention, and support for dictators.

And…...

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Reference

Merriam-Webster (2005). "Morality." Accessed on  http://www.m-w.com .

Roorda, Eric Paul. (1998). The Dictator Next Door. Durham: Duke University Press.

All of these together constitute the full relationship, and it is confusing and contradictory" (1998, 3). The cast of public characters included U.S. diplomats, Navy and Marine officers, and congressmen. Private citizens, including bankers, journalists, lobbyists, and businessmen, rounded out the ensemble. All these groups interacted to influence U.S. relations with Trujillo, although rarely in a consolidated fashion. hile the Dominican Republic became a difficult place to do business, a querulous participant in negotiations, and a major cause of Caribbean disquiet, including genocide, war scares, and assassinations" Trujillo still continued to obtain U.S. support (1998, 3). Even after the Trujillo government was overthrown, the U.S. government insisted on maintaining its power over the region by insisting on "approving the new head of the army and keeping the military intact." In short, ashington moved to create a "guardian system" it could control or manipulate (McSherry 2003, 2). The United States…...

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Works Cited

Atkins, Pope and Larm Wilson. 1998. "The Dominican Republic and the United States from Imperialism to Transnationalism." The U.S. And the Americas. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Chester, Eric Thomas. 2001. "Rag-Tags, Scum, Riff-Raff, and Commies: The Intervention in the Dominican Republic 1965-1966. NY Monthly Review Press.

Desmarais P., Norman and James McGovern. "Essential Documents in American History, President Ulysses S. Grant's appeal for the Annexation of Santo Domingo, 1492-Present." Providential College.

Farmer, Richard S. 1985. "Economic Policy Toward the Caribbean Basin: The Balance Sheet." The Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, Vol. 27, No.1.

Management STYLE IN THE United States
Cultural Values and Business

Theory X vs. Theory Y

Management the High Tech Way

Management STYLE IN THE DOMINICAN EPUBLIC

CULTUAL VALUES AND Business

ole of Entrepreneurship

In the United States, management values, beliefs and attitudes have undergone a gradual shift away from the simplistic stance of planning, organizing and directing. Valuable managerial skills, no matter what culture is being considered, have traditionally been masculine skills, highlighting the dominant, assertive, and decisive elements of management behavior and downplaying the team and supportive aspects that are more readily identified with women. This traditional view is now giving way in the United States to an approach where team behaviour is seen as increasingly important to a truly successful management style.

The global leadership skills of the future will evolve from a combination of individual/group and masculine/feminine traits involving strategic thinking and communication skills. The final result of this evolution will make organizations more competitive…...

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References

Arnold, D.J. & Quelch, J.A. (1998). "New strategies in emerging markets." Sloan Management Review, 40, 7-20.

Bakhtari, H. (1995). "Cultural Effects on Management Style: A Comparative Study of American and Middle Eastern Management Styles." International Studies of Management & Organization, 25(3), 97+.

Barham, K., Fraser, J. & Heath, L. (1988). Management for the future. Foundation for Management Education/Ashridge Management College.

Bennis, W., Heil, G. & Stephens, D. (2000). Douglas McGregor, revisited: Managing the human side of enterprise. New York: John Wiley.

" However, osch's writings were by no means one-dimensional, for he addressed many universal aspects of life. Indeed, osch's versatility as a writer is reflected in his ability to write works of fantasy, political thought, biographies, history, social realism, and cultural commentaries. He also published several poems and short stories in Cuban and Dominican newspapers and magazines, and worked for a period of time as literary editor for the influential newspaper, Listin Diario.
The fact that Juan osch was, first and foremost, a humanist who was interested in all aspects of human interest and welfare is clearly reflected in his writings. for, osch did not merely dwell on the miserable plight of the rural poor, but also reflected on the materialism and hypocrisy of the upper classes. For instance, in La bella alma de don Damian (the eautiful Soul of Don Damian), osch depicts Don Damian's soul examining itself with a…...

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Bibliography

Alexander, R.J. Presidents of Central America, Mexico, Cuba, and Hispaniola:

Conversations and Correspondence. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1995.

Cambeira, a. Quisqueya La Bella: The Dominican Republic in Historical and Cultural

Perspective. Armonk, NY M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1997.

There are sources claiming that the population of natives had fallen from several million to several tens of thousands. The sources cannot be verified in the present, since there are no notable documents to confirm either assumption. hat is certain is that the Taino population from Hispaniola had been severely diminished as a result on their interaction with the Europeans.
hile Columbus continued to visit the Caribbean in hope that he would find the famous kingdoms that he have heard about, his brother Bartolome became governor of the island. Still, similar to his brother, Bartolome did not seem to control the situation, as no major advancements have been performed during his governing. One of the biggest mistakes that the Europeans had done during their first years on Hispaniola had been that they did not want their community to have anything to do to the native one. The locals had not…...

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Works cited:

1. Atkins, Pope G. Wilson, Larman Curtis. The Dominican Republic and the United States: from imperialism to transnationalism. University of Georgia Press, 1998.

2. Bakewell, Peter John. "A history of Latin America: c. 1450 to the present."

3. Brown, Isabel Zakrzewski. Culture and customs of the Dominican Republic. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999.

4. Guitar, Lynne. "History of the Dominican Republic." Retrieved June 12, 2009, from Hispaniola Web site:  http://www.hispaniola.com/dominican_republic/info/history.php

On a wider scale, the struggle of these immigrants would be familiar to many immigrants around the country. Many of them come to this country to contribute their talents and ideas. On a personal note, for example, my girlfriend's father Farouk is a West Indian immigrant from Trinidad & Tabago. After years of taking night classes, he earned his associate's degree in Electrical Enginnering. Today, Farouk is an engineer working with EMC. He is earning a good salary and holds seven patents with EMC.
Diaz's stories are an argument for keeping the American Dream open, for Farouk, for his characters and for the vast majority of immigrants who choose to come to the United States. After all, much of the progress of this country stems from its historical openness to immigrants. Thus, to safeguard the American Dream means to keep its ideals open to all.

eferences

Diaz, Junot. Drown. New York: iverhead,…...

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References

Diaz, Junot. Drown. New York: Riverhead, 1997.

Edmonston, B. And J. Passel, eds. Immigration and Ethnicity: The Integration of America's Newest Arrivals. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press, 1994.

Pagnini, D. And S.P. Morgan. "Intermarriage and Social Distance Among Immigrants at the Turn of the Century." American Journal of Sociology 96(1990):405-32.