Dissociative Identity Disorder is also referred to as multiple personality disorder, in which an individual's identity dissociates, or fragments, creating additional identities that exist independently of each other within the individual (Gale 2001). Each personality is specifically distinct from the other, such as tone of voice and mannerisms, vocabulary and posture (Gale 2001). Most people exhibit only one or two personalities, however, there are cases in which an individual will have more than a hundred identities (Gale 2001). hether one or a hundred, the criteria for diagnosis is the same (Gale 2001). Until the publication of DSM-IV, this disorder was referred to as multiple personality disorder, a name abandoned due to psychiatric explicitness, hence, the name should reflect the "dissociative aspect of the disorder" (Gale 2001).
The DSM-IV lists four criteria for diagnosing someone with dissociative identity disorder. The first being the presence of two or more distinct 'identities or personality…...

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Works Cited

Dissociative identity disorder." Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology. 2nd ed. Gale

Group, 2001.

Implications of attachment theory and research for developmental-behavioral pediatrics. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics; 10/1/2003; Sroufe, L. Alan

Dissociative experiences and anger proneness in late adolescent females with different attachment styles. Adolescence; 6/22/2003; Pini, Mauro

Dissociative Identity Disorder
The most severe and chronic manifestation of dissociative disorders is dissociative identity disorder (DID) and is believed to be extremely rare (eber 1003-1004). Clinical dissociation occurs when disconnections between consciousness, memory, perceptions, and identity form, and with DID, distinct and largely mutually-exclusive personalities develop that alternately cope with different aspects of the host's life. The most prominent diagnostic feature is an inability to recall events an alternate personality experienced. DID personalities therefore tend to live completely different lives, including cognitively.

The book "Sybil" was published in 1973 by the professional author Flora Schreiber, in collaboration with the psychiatrist Cornelia ilbur, which described a patient who was alleged to have DID (Lynn and Deming 289). A movie was subsequently made and the combination popularized DID, and this phenomenon is blamed for the dramatic increase in the number of cases from less than 100 to over 40,000 in just three decades.…...

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Works Cited

Lynn, Steven J. And Deming, Amanda. "Review: The "Sybil Tapes": Exposing the Myth of Dissociative Disorder." Theory Psychology 20.2 (2010): 289-292.

Rieber, Robert W., Takooshian, Harold, and Iglesias, Humberto. "The Case of Sybil in the Teaching of Psychology." Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless 11.4 (2002): 355-360.

Sizemore, Chris C. And Huber, R. John. "The Twenty Two Faces of Eve." Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice 44.1 (1988): 53-62.

Weber, Scott. "Dissociative Symptom Disorders in Advanced Nursing Practice: Background, Treatment, and Instrumentation to Assess Symptoms." Issues in Mental Health Nursing 28.9 (2007): 997-1018.

Certain Christian communities offering support of this kind are guided by the Scriptures, specifically Isaiah 61, concerning their possessing of the Spirit of the Lord and being anointed (Grace 2002).

One group that provides assistance to persons suffering from DID is called the Christian Survivors Ministries (Grace 2002). It makes available an environment of love and acceptance where the afflicted survivors can and will not be rejected or feel ashamed and where they can feel aware of the value of their lives. It offers hope to those who feel hopeless. It encourages survivors to confront and actively and productively work through their problems. It encourages and enables survivors to allow God to work with them in safe ways to be healed. It encourages survivors to accept and live by the truths about themselves so that they can be set free from the abuses they have been subjected to. Its staff members…...

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Bibliography

Billich, M., et al. (2000). Shared Grace: Therapists and Clergy Working Together. Haworth press, Inc., 2000

Frey, R.J. (1999). Dissociative Disorders. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Gale Research.  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g92601/is_0004/ai_2601000438 

Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence. (1998). Dissociative Identity Disorder/Multiple Personality Disorder. Gale Research.  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2002/is_0002/ai_2602000201 

Grace, Susannah. (2002). Dissociative Identity Disorder. Christian Survivors Ministries. http://www.christiansurvivors.com/whatisdid.html

clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/2800/2819.asp?index=9786&src=news.,2002).
Dissociative fugue -- In this kind of dissociative disorder, the person is found to have lose his or her sense of personal identity and impulsively wanders or travels away from home for a temporary period of time. People with dissociative fugue often become confused about who they really are and may even create new identities. Outwardly, people with this disorder show no signs of illness, such as a strange appearance or behavior (http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/2800/2819.asp?index=9786&src=news,2002).

Depersonalization disorder -- This involves a person's sense or feeling that he or she is disconnected or detached from his or her body. T he disorder is sometimes described as being numb or in a dream, or feeling like you are watching yourself from outside the body (http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/2800/2819.asp?index=9786&src=news,2002).

Dissociative identity disorder (DID) -- This is believed to be the most severe type of dissociative disorder, was formerly called multiple personality disorder. As a coping mechanism, a person with this…...

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Works Cited

An Overview of Dissociative Disorders." (2002). http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/2800/2819.asp?index=9786&src=news

Grohol, John. (2005). "Dissociative identity disorder." Psych Central  http://psychcentral.com/psypsych/Dissociative_identity_disorder .

Dorahi, MJ.(2001). "Dissociative identity disorder and memory dysfunction: the current state of experimental research and its future directions." Clin Psychol Rev. (5):771-95.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is the name that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-IV-Text evision (DSM-IV-T) uses for the disorder previously known as Multiple Personality Disorder (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000). Dissociative disorders are a heterogeneous set of disorders described in the DSM-IV-T that all involve some form of identity loss (APA, 2000). The concept of a personality describes, in fairly generalized terms, a sense of integration regarding the way one feels, thinks behaves. Even though a single personality can have many different aspects to it, the concept of personality relates a sense of oneness to the self. DID is a dissociative disorder in which the individual has two or more totally separate and distinct personalities, each determining the attitudes and behavior of the person at the time that it is dominant. DID is considered one of the more serious of all the psychiatric disorders listed in…...

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References

American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.-text revision). Washington, DC: Author.

Gleaves, DH, May, M.C., & Carden" a, E. (2001). An examination of the diagnostic validity of dissociative identity disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 577 -- 608.

Kluft, R.P. (1991). Multiple personality disorder. In A. Tasman & S.M. Goldfinger (Eds.),

utterfly Effect
DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA?

Evan Treborn, the main character of the movie, lived a life of severe traumas (ress & Gruber, 2004). These experiences resurface in adulthood in the form of blackouts, especially during times of extreme stress. His early life traumas include being compelled to participate in child pornography by their neighbor George Miller; nearly dying from strangulation by his own institutionalized mentally ill father Jason; his father's getting killed right before him by guards; a mother and her infant daughter dying from the dynamite he and his friends were playing with; and witnessing his dog die by burning by Tommy, son of their neighbor George Miller (ress & Gruber).

It was seven years later when he discovered that he could travel into the past and redo parts of it (ress & Gruber, 2004). It turned out that his travels to the past coincide with his blackouts as a child. ut he…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bress, E. And Gruber, J.M. (2004). The butterfly effect. New Line Cinema

Granacher, R.P., Jr. (2014). Commentary: dissociative amnesia and the future of forensic psychiatric assessment. Vol. 42, The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry

and the Law: American Academy of Psychiatry. Retrieved on September 30, 2014 from  http://www.jaapl.org/content/42/2/214/full.pdf+html 

Robichaud, G. (2011). Dissociative amnesia in "The Butterfly Effect." AP Psychology.

Cognitive triad (Beck). Negative views of the self, environment, and the future.
14. Seligman's learned helplessness theory. Failure to respond to a threatening situation even if there is an obvious mode of escape due to past experiences of being unable to escape from situations.

15. Difference between bipolar I and bipolar II. Bipolar I consists of periods of mania and depression; bipolar II consists of periods of hypomania and depression.

16. Adjunctive psychotherapy. Psychotherapy in addition to other forms of treatment (here therapy is considered secondary).

17. Know that the chance of recovery for someone receiving effective therapy for depression is about 60%. OK

18. Suicide

a. Attempts vs. completions. Males more successful than females due to means (e.g., gun vs. pills). Two groups: Adolescents and Elderly adults are more successful. Depression, substance abuse, and co-morbid psychiatric disorders with depression are also prevelant.

b. Do we have a good way of knowing suicide rates? In terms…...

Jane appears to be suffering from dissociative identity disorder based on the first three diagnostic criteria for this condition (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000). A person with dissociative identity disorder maintains multiple mutually-exclusive personalities in order to distance themselves from past traumatic events. Her behavior when interacting with the therapist suggests that she experienced at least two distinct personalities (criterion A) that recurrently appeared (criterion B) and had mutually-exclusive psychological experiences (criterion C). Jane's self-reported history of sexual assault and exposure to violence is consistent with this diagnosis, and could be contributing to her depressive symptoms. The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis could in fact be a sign that Jane also suffers from borderline personality disorder, since impulsivity is included as a relevant symptom. ADHD is commonly diagnosed in children and involves severe focusing problems, impulsivity, and an inability to be calm. Borderline personality disorder represents a condition of…...

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References

American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.

International Society for the Study of Dissociation. (2005). Guidelines for treating dissociative identity disorder in adults. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 6, 69-149. Retrieved 13 Dec. 2011 from  http://www.isst-d.org/education/treatmentguidelines-index.htm 

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2011). Agoraphobia. MayoClinic.com. Retrieved 13 Dec. 2011 from  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/agoraphobia/DS00894/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs 

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2011). Bipolar disorder. MayoClinic.com. Retrieved 13 Dec. 2011 from  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/bipolar-disorder/DS00356/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs

Pharmacological Treatment
Multiple personality or dissociative disorder is an exceptionally uncommon mental disorder in which an individual has two or more different personalities. Each of these personalities has unique characteristics such as mind-set, emotions behavioral patterns. Frequently, the personalities are totally differing and take over the real individual at unusual times. This transition takes place in sudden switches when the patient is triggered by painful events or miserable reminiscences. Each personality is perhaps completely uninformed about the others. However, the person is usually acquainted with the fact that there were mysterious gaps in times he/she remembers ("multiple personality," 2013).

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, dissociative disorders are "characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states, each with its own relatively enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and self, that recurrently take control of the individual's behavior" (American…...

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References

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (4th edition, text revision -- DSM-IV-TR). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press; 2000.

Dissociative Disorders: Treatments and Drugs. (2011, March 3). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved August 19, 2013, from  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/dissociative-disorders/DS00574/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs 

Kreidler, M.C., Zupancic, M.K., Bell, C., & Longo, M.B. (2000). Trauma and Dissociation: Treatment Perspectives.Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 36(2), 77. Retrieved August 18, 2013, from  http://www.questia.com/read/1G1-66107329/trauma-and-dissociation-treatment-perspectives 

Multiple personality from The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. (2013). Questia. Retrieved August 18, 2013, from  http://www.questia.com/read/1E1-multipers/multiple-personality

Trauma-elated Disorders and ecommended Treatment
Clinical Presentation of Trauma-elated Disorders and ecommended Treatments

On January 13, 2015, Andrew Brannan, a 66-year-old Vietnam veteran was executed in Georgia for killing police officer Kyle Dinkheller in 1998 (Hoffman, 2015). At the time, Brannan had been living in a bunker on his mother's property without water or electricity and had stopped taking his medications. According to the Veterans Administration (VA), he was 100% disabled due to combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). He also suffered from bipolar disorder, had lost two brothers to a military plane crash and suicide, and lost a father to cancer. Veterans groups, death penalty critics, and mental health advocates, all petitioned the Georgia Supreme Court for a stay of execution unsuccessfully. The veterans groups were particularly interested in preventing the death of yet another veteran who developed severe psychiatric problems while serving his or her country.

Trauma in general has affected a…...

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References

APA (American Psychiatric Association). (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.

Cook, J.M., Dinnen, S., Simiola, V., Bernardy, N., Rosenheck, R., & Hoff, R. (2014). Residential treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in the Department of Veterans Affairs: A national perspective on perceived effective ingredients. Traumatology, 20(1), 43-9.

Dursa, E.K., Reinhard, M.J., Barth, S.K., & Schneiderman, A.I. (2014). Prevalence of a positive screen for PTSD among OEF/OIF and OEF/OIF-era veterans in a large population-based cohort. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27, 542-549.

Ehring, T., Welboren, R., Morina, N., Wicherts, J.M., Freitag, J., & Emmelkamp, P.M. (2014). Meta-analysis of psychological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder in adult survivors of childhood abuse. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(8), 645-57.

Analysis of Psycho Alfred Hitchcock directed a movie called Psycho in 1960. The movie is a horror laced with lots of psychological suspense. The movie storyline is developed from Psycho, a novel written by Robert Block and published in 1959. The novel, on its part, drew inspiration from Ed Gein murders. Psycho has been widely regarded as the first-ever slasher film. Although it got mixed reviews at the onset, it is now considered one of the greatest films produced by Hitchcock, and indeed one of the greatest films of all time.
Indeed, Antony Perkins, the Ed Gein (Norman Bates), was rated the second-best movie villain of all time by the American Film Institute (Gorshin, 2014). According to common parlance, Norman Bates suffers from Disassociate Identity Disorder ( DID), which was earlier known as multiple personality disorder. This view is interesting in all its weight and breadth. It is also a compelling psychological…...

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References

Bergstrom, A. (2012). Playing the viewer like an organ: Norman Bates as the protagonist of Alfred Hitchcock\\\\'s Psycho. Retrieved from  

Dawar, Z. (2018). Diagnosis of Norman Bates: Bates motel and Psycho. Retrieved from  https://reelrundown.com/tv/Diagnosis-of-Norman-Bates-Bates-Motel-and-Psycho 

Dollar, S. (2018). Psycho\\\\'s shower scene: How Hitchcock upped the terror—and fooled the censors. Retrieved from  https://www.history.com/news/psycho-shower-scene-hitchcock-tricks-fooled-censors 

Freud, S. (1919). The Uncanny. Retrieved from http://wwwrohan.sdsu.edu/~amtower/uncanny.html.

Gorshin, M. (2014). Analysis of Psycho. Retrieved from  https://mawrgorshin.com/2014/11/28/analysis-of-psycho/ 

Jong, L. (2016). Representation of the Serial Killer in United States Popular Culture: Evolution of the Hunter-Hero Narrative. [MA Thesis, Radboud University Nijmegen]. Retrieved from https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/

Kavka, M. (2002). The Gothic on Screen. In: HOGLE, J. (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction. Cambridge University Press.

Kennedy, M. (2020). Psycho\\\\'s sequels made Norman Bates the hero (& it worked). Retrieved from  https://screenrant.com/psycho-movie-sequels-norman-bates-hero-good-worked/https://3brothersfilm.com/ 

Contrary to what is often seen on the nightly news programs, there are still many people in this country and throughout the world who want to live in safe places and who would be interested in making their town better. Often, they do not know what they can do to improve the poorer parts of town, so they simply choose not to live or work there. This only leads to the decay of those areas and the rising crime rate. While unfortunate, it is not entirely unexpected. However, urban revitalization has begun in a lot of cities and towns, both big and small, in recent years. Although the economy has slowed some of that, there are still many areas where it is moving forward. This will, in time, lower the number of sexual assaults and other crimes in those revitalization areas. If more people would help to improve their neighborhoods,…...

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Bibliography

Chu, James A. (1990). Dissociative symptoms in relation to childhood physical and sexual abuse, Am. J. Psychiatry.

Coons, P.M. (1994). Confirmation of childhood abuse in childhood and adolescent cases of multiple personality disorder and dissociative disorders not otherwise specified. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 182, 461-464.

Finkelhor, D. (1990). Early and long-term effects of child sexual abuse: An update. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21, 325-330.

Jarvis, T.J., & Copeland, J. (1997). Child sexual abuse as a predictor of psychiatric co-

Dorrepaal, Thomaes, Smit, van Balkom, et al. (2010) address the topic of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Complex PTSD) which often occurs following a history of child abuse. Complex PTSD has associated features in addition to the normal symptoms of PTSD that make it much more difficult to treat. As social workers will most likely encounter clients/patients suffering from PTSD symptoms and patients suffering from child abuse this topic is relevant to social work practice.
The researchers are primarily interested in knowing if stabilizing treatment normally used for PTSD and other psychiatric disorders is effective for patients with Complex PTSD, particularly women with PTSD and childhood sexual abuse. The research question is evaluative.

Literature eview

As this study is in the brief communications section does not contain an in depth literature review. The literature review in this study simply describes the features associated with Complex PTSD and presents the questions of the researchers and…...

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References

Dorrepaal, E., Thomaes, K., Smit, J.H., van Balkom, A.J., van Dyck, R., Veltman, D.J., & Draijer, N. (2010). Stabilizing group treatment for complex posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse based on psycho-education and cognitive behavioral therapy: A pilot study. Child abuse & neglect, 34(4), 284-288.

Runyon, R.P., Coleman, K.A., & Pittenger, D.J. (2000). Fundamentals of behavioral statistics

(9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). New York:

Movie Analysis: Psycho (1960 film)
The movie's most relevant cast for this discussion includes Norman, Norman's mother (Mrs. Bates), and Marion. After the death of his dad, Norman becomes entirely dependent on the love, attention, and support of his mother. It is for this reason that when she (Norman's mother) takes in a lover, Norman feels as if he is no longer a priority in his mother's life -- he feels as if he has been replaced. Apparently, he can't stand sharing her and as a result of his intense jealousy, he ends up killing not only his mother's lover but also his mother, through poisoning. However, he elects to preserve the corpse instead of having it buried -- in what could be seen as an attempt to perpetuate the illusion that his mother is not dead but is, instead, still alive. As a consequence, he begins to not only speak,…...

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Works Cited

Hickey, Erick W. Serial Murderers and their Victims. 6th ed. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning, 2013. Print.

Jenkins, Philip. Using Murder: The Social Construction of Serial Homicide. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2009. Print.

Spousal and Child Abuse
Child and spousal abuse is an intentional act that results in physical and/or emotional or psychological injury on a child or spouse (or partner) by a parent or a mate, respectively (Gelles 2004). In a child, abuse more often takes the form of neglect. Child and spousal abuse and violence are major social concerns today.

The extent that children are abused by their parents or adult caretakers is difficult to measure, although it appears to occur most frequently among lower-income communities and certain ethnic and religious minorities. Abuse of children ranges from physical and emotional abuse and sexual abuse to physical and emotional neglect (Gelles). Effects of physical abuse are varied and visible: unexplained bruises, fractures and burn marks. Emotional abuse destroys the child's sense of security and self-esteem. Sexual abuse includes all acts that expose them to the sexual satisfaction of the parent or adult caretaker. Physical…...

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Bibliography

Boudreau, Diane. Damage: the Health Effects of Abuse. ASU Research: Arizona:

State University, 2002.   childabuse.org. Child Abuse and Child Sexual Abuse. For the Love of Our Children, 2002.  http://www.fortheloveofourchildren.org/statistics.html  childabuse.com. Why Child Abuse Occurs and the Common Criminal Background of the Abuser. Arctic Originals, 2002.  http://www.childabuse.com http://researchmag.asu.edu/stories/abuse.html 

Gelles, Richard. Child Abuse. MSN Encarta. Microsoft Corporation. http://encarta.msn.com

Hopper, Jim. UChild AbuseU, 2004. http://www.jimhopper.com/abstats

1. Understanding Dissociative Identity Disorder: Causes and Symptoms

2. The Impact of Trauma on Dissociative Identity Disorder

3. Treatment Options for Dissociative Identity Disorder

4. The Controversies Surrounding Dissociative Identity Disorder

5. Living with Dissociative Identity Disorder: Personal Experiences

6. The Relationship Between Dissociative Identity Disorder and Other Mental Health Conditions

7. Dissociative Identity Disorder in Popular Culture: Myths vs. Reality

8. The Role of Therapy in Managing Dissociative Identity Disorder

9. Exploring the History and Evolution of Dissociative Identity Disorder

10. Supporting Loved Ones with Dissociative Identity Disorder: Tips for Family and Friends
11. Breaking the Stigma: Stories of Strength and Resilience in Dissociative Identity Disorder

12. Finding Identity: Navigating....

Unveiling the Enigma: Exploring the Labyrinth of Dissociative Identity Disorder

The Fragmented Self: Unraveling the Complexities of DID

Shattered Mirrors: The Kaleidoscopic Nature of Dissociative Identity Disorder

Beyond the Veil: Unmasking the Hidden Worlds of DID

The Puzzle of Identity: Navigating the Fragmented Landscape of DID

Whispers from the Shadows: Exploring the Voices of DID

The Tapestry of Trauma: Unweaving the Connections to DID

Lost in a Maze: The Search for Identity in Dissociative Identity Disorder

Shattered Reflections: Understanding the Fragmentation in DID

Unmasking the Enigma: Revealing the Realities of Dissociative Identity Disorder

The Fragile Psyche: Exploring the Vulnerable Boundaries of DID

The Dance of Dissociation: Uncovering the Rhythms of DID

Unraveling....