Haiti Earthquake
After examining the aftermath of the Haiti earthquake of Jan 2010, it is quite obvious that the impact of this natural disaster will be felt for many years to come and much healing and growth will be needed in the near future in order to bring the people of this country to a decent standard of living. This report will document the many public health challenges that were evident after the earthquake and will provide guidance on how future natural disasters' impacts may be mitigated by wise and prudent action. This after action review of the response will highlight the successes and failures of the efforts provided and make suggestions on how those processes may be improved upon.

Initial Observations

Before anyone may help anyone in such a damaging situation as a major earthquake, an acceptable amount of peace and security must be established or nothing may be accomplished. The sense…...

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References

Dowell, S.F., Tappero, J.W., Frieden, T.R. (2011). Public Health in Haiti -- Challenges and Progress, New England Journal of Medicine, 364, 300-301:  http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1100118 

Cyen. (2010). Definition of disaster: Disaster Management Notes and Questions.pdf

UNDP. (2010). Empowering Haiti to Build Better Future:  http://www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/publications/v.php?id=13617

National esponse Framework Mission Area
The National esponse Framework refers to a guide developed to provide directions on the ways in which the state response to different types of disasters and emergencies. The guide bases its principles on concepts such as flexibility, scalability, and adaptability that align the functions and responsibilities of the emergency response of the recovery team. As such, it implies that the NF describes the roles, principles, responsibilities, and coordinating structures required for responding to unusual incidents (Larsen, 2013). Therefore, this essay analyzes the NF guidelines, including ranking the different capabilities in order of priority. It also discusses one of the key priorities, including its importance to the state's response to disaster and emergencies. The third section analyzes the different ways in which the U.S. government responds to disaster and emergency, including disaster prevention, protection, mitigation, and response and disaster recovery. Finally, it provides an analysis on…...

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References

Larsen, J.A. (2013). Responding to catastrophic events: Consequence management and policies. New York, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

O'Leary, M. (2004). Measuring disaster preparedness: A practical guide to indicator development and application. Lincoln, NE: IUniverse, Inc.

United States. (2008). National response framework. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. Of Homeland Security.

American Red Cross. The main purpose of Red Cross is to meet the instantaneous disaster caused needs of persons, households and communities. Even after the emergency stage of a response has been done, the organization also partakes in assisting individuals in recovering and addressing persistent community needs.
American Red Cross properly fits into Florida’s crisis response requirements. To begin with, the organization partakes in disaster training in order to make a difference in the community. The organization offers free disaster training for all volunteers, which are undertaken not only online but also in-person reliant on the course. These volunteers are the ones that aid in the prevention and alleviation of human anguish in times of emergencies (American Red Cross, 2019). The main purpose of Red Cross is to meet the instantaneous disaster caused needs of persons, households and communities. Even after the emergency stage of a response has been done, the organization…...

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References

American Red Cross. (2019). Disaster Training. Retrieved from:

Florida Health. (2019). FLHealthSystems. Retrieved from: http://www.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/emergency-preparedness-and-response/disaster-response-resources/fl-health-systems/index.html

Florida Health. (2019). Florida’s Strategic National Stockpile Program. Retrieved from: http://www.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/emergency-preparedness-and-response/disaster-response-resources/strategic-national-stockpile/index.html

James, R. K., & Gilliland, B. E. (2017). Crisis intervention strategies (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning

National Child Traumatic Stress Network., National Center for PTSD. (2006). Psychological First Aid: Field Operations Guide. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/disaster-training

Disaster Donations: A Mixture of Blessings and Problems
Disaster donations: a mixture of blessing and problems

Globally, the number of disasters has grown significantly. This has resulted to substantial economic damage. In response to these disasters, worldwide humanitarian aid has increased. A recent report by Global Humanitarian Assistance indicates that worldwide humanitarian aid has doubled compared to ten years ago. In most cases, donations are in the form of cash grants, but a large portion of the donations is "in-kind," in terms of goods, such as food, tents, blankets, medicine, or services such as volunteering (Larson, Metzger and Cahn, 2006). A modern report from the U.N has reported that almost 17% of all donations are "in-kind."

A large proportion of humanitarian aid operations involve logistics and humanitarian organizations face adverse challenges in this sector. Ever since the 2004 Asian Tsunami disaster, many studies have addressed challenges in humanitarian logistics and many of them…...

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References

Holguin-Veras, J. et al. (2007). Emergency logistics issues affecting the response to Katrina: A

synthesis and preliminary suggestions for improvement. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2022 (1), 76-82.

Bennett, R., & Gabriel, H. (2003). Image and reputational characteristics of UK charitable organizations: An empirical study. Corporate reputation review, 6(3), 276-289.

Fessler, P. (2013). The 'Second Disaster': Making Well-Intentioned Donations useful. Retrieved from  http://www.npr.org/2013/01/12/169198037/the-second-disaster-making-good-intentions-useful

NIMS Medical/Public Health Components and Disaster Responses
The objective of this study is to discuss the NIMS medical and public health components and disaster responses in terms of its logistics, inventory, personnel credentialing, emergency operations center and ICS 206, Medial Plan.

Incident Management

Incident management is reported to include on-site incident management and multiagency coordination using the Incident Command Systems (ICS) structure which involves maintaining 'a continuation flow of critical information among multijurisdictional and multidisciplinary emergency responders, command posts, agencies and the governmental officials for the duration of the emergency response operation in compliance with National Incident Management System (NIMS)" and to "coordinate activities above the field level by prioritizing demands for competing resources, thereby assisting with coordination of operation in the field." (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009, p. 24) Also requires during incident management operations is communication among responders that is timely in nature so that there is efficient…...

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Bibliography

National Incident Management System (2008) U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Dec 2008. Retrieved from:  http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nims/NIMS_core.pdf 

National Health Security Strategy of the United States of America (2009) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dec 2009. Retrieved from: http://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/strategy/Documents/nhss-final.pdf

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2010-2015. Retrieved from:  http://www.hhs.gov/strategic-plan/stratplan_fy2010-15.pdf

Disaster esponse Management
esponse and ecovery in Homeland Security

2015 DECEMBE-HLS-429-0L009

Sean Lynch

January XX, 2015

Mentor: Stephen Prier

You have been hired to conduct an incident post-mortem to provide feedback to senior government officials on the performance of various response teams during a disaster event. Using your answers to Written Assignment 2 (Module 2: Assessing the Situation) as a starting point, describe the steps that you would take to conduct the post-mortem.

• What are the key success factors in managing large, multi-agency and multi-jurisdictional response programs?

• How can we determine or measure "success" in response?

• How can we design drills and tests that specifically evaluate the key success factors for response?

January 6, 2015

Memorandum for the Students of HLS_429_0L009

Subject: Disaster Incident Post-Mortem

The purpose of this memorandum is to debrief the disaster incident of December 04, 2014 in Metropolis, State[footnoteef:1], as reported to Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS.gov), which is the national online network of the…...

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References

FEMA Community Planning and Capacity Building. (2014, July 24). Retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/national-disaster-recovery-framework

Khademian, A. (2002). Working with culture: The way the job gets done in public programs. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press.

Khademian, A. (2001, July 18). Is silly putty manageable? Looking for links between culture, management, and context. In J. Brudney, L. O'Toole, & H.G. Rainey, (Eds.), Advancing Public Management: New Developments in Theory, Methods, and Practice. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.

Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS). The Federal Emergency Management Agency Response to the Greensburg, Kansas, May 4, 2007, Tornado After-Action Report. (2008, December 12). Retrieved from https://www.llis.dhs.gov/docdetails/details.do?contentID=39054

Implementing Emergency Services Hurricane Katrina: Disaster Response and Recovery
Disaster response Framework
Disasters always put the emergency response team to the test, and the public members are keen to rate their level of preparedness. In the 2005 hurricane season, the disaster response team was caught unprepared, and the response was rated as low. The United states disaster response team had laid some strategies to respond to the different disaster levels, including issuing emergency call numbers. However, the system was not ready for an active hurricane. The state was blamed for failing to coordinate all entities that are involved in disaster management. With the disasters of Hurricane Katrina's stature, it was important for state and local government to collaborate with the U.S military to ensure minimal damage. The emergency response system should have a way to escalate cases that need the attention of the most powerful entities in the land (Gheytanchi et al., 2007).
The…...

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References

Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies & XL Catlin. (2018). Disaster Recovery Case Studies, U.S. 2005 Storms: Katrina, Rita, and Wilma. Retrieved December 14, 2020, from  

Edwards, C. (2015, August 27). Hurricane Katrina: Remembering the Federal Failures. Retrieved December 14, 2020, from  https://www.cato.org/blog/hurricane-katrina-remembering-federal-failures 

Gheytanchi, A., Joseph, L., Gierlach, E., Kimpara, S., Housley, J., Franco, Z. E., & Beutler, L. E. (2007). The dirty dozen: Twelve failures of the Hurricane Katrina response and how psychology can help. American Psychologist, 62(2), 118.

Herring, C., & Rosenman, E. (2016). Engels in the Crescent City: Revisiting the Housing Question in post-Katrina New Orleans. ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 15(3), 616-638.

Howitt, A. M., & Leonard, H. B. (2006). Katrina and the core challenges of disaster response. Fletcher F. World Aff., 30, 215.

https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/crs-case-study-hurricane-katrina.pdf 

This would likely have resulted in a long delay in raising suitable support to those health care professionals already at the disaster site.
Duties of the DMAT

The initial duties of the DMAT were to assist the nursing team at Charlotte egional Medical Centre as most nurses there had been on duty for around 40 hours. This was due to the problems which relief staff had in getting to the facility and also the problems which had been caused at the hospital due to the power failures and the structural damage that had been inflicted on the hospital (Cohen and Mulvaney). This initial aid that the DMAT provided was invaluable, as if they had not been so well prepared and arrived so early there would have been far greater pressure on the staff at the hospital, which would have greatly reduced the quality of care which the patients received.

By 6.30am the…...

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References

Cohen, Sharon S. And Karen Mulvaney. "Field observations: Disaster Medical Assistance Team response for Hurricane Charley, Punta Gorda, Florida, August 2004." Disaster Management and Response 3.1 (2005): 22-27.

Mace, Sharon E., Jaszmine T. Jones and Andrew I. Bern. "An analysis of Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) deployments in the United States." Prehospital Emergency Care 11 (2007): 30-35.

McEntire, David a. Disaster Response and Recovery: Strategies and Tactics for Resilience. Indianapolis: Wiley, 2007. 156-157.

South Florida Regional DMAT FL 5 / IMSuRT South. 2007. South Florida Regional DMAT FL5. 31 October 2007  http://www.fl5dmat.com/ .

As Nielsen and Lidstone (1998) note,
It is ironic that the public demands safety yet a number of cost-effective and feasible measures to mitigate disasters are not adopted by many... Such a failure of the public to adopt disaster mitigation measures has a long record in Australia

(Nielsen and Lidstone 1998)

This attitude is one of the reasons given for the greater emphasis on public education. In theoretical terms, the view is put forward that an educated public will be able to deal with emergencies and disasters more effectively and that this should form an integral part of emergency and disaster management and planning. This in turn has resulted in a "...renewal of focus, at both a national and global level, upon public education as a means to disaster mitigation" (Nielsen and Lidstone 1998). To this end the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the United States (FEMA) has collected data from more…...

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Bibliography

Asghar S. et al. Dynamic integrated model for decision support systems. I. j. Of simulation 6. ( (Accessed July 15, 2008).http://www.ema.gov.au/agd/EMA/rwpattach.nsf/viewasattachmentpersonal/(85FE07930A2BB4482E194CD03685A8EB)~Public_education_and_disaster_management.pdf/$file/Public_education_and_disaster_management.pdf.

D'Ercole, R. 1994. "Les Vulnerabilites des Societes et des Espaces

Urbanises: Concepts, Typologies, Mode d'Analyse." Revue de

Geographie Alpine 32 (4): 87-96.

Disaster Preparedness Research: Proposed Methodology
Exploring the issue of disaster preparedness in emergency centers and trauma clinics require not only an understanding of the challenges that have been experienced in the past (i.e., lack of supplies and/or equipment, staff shortage, poor management, among many others) and through extant literature on the topic, but also an understanding of how these emergency centers and trauma clinics operate in the event of a disaster or an emergency.

It is only through understanding the operations of emergency centers and trauma clinics that the researcher would be able to fully explore, identify, and determine weak and strong points that is the current situation in emergency and disaster preparedness management. In order to do this, a research into the operations of emergency centers and trauma clinics must be conducted. In line with this requirement, the proposed methodology for the research study on determining points of improvement of emergency…...

FEMA's (2009) National Disaster Housing Strategy reveals the complexities surrounding housing recovery support functions (SF) and their attendant agencies. One of the core goals of disaster response is meeting the needs of affected populations especially with regards to housing, which can be extremely difficult in times when resources are limited or cut off and when infrastructure has been damaged or demolished. Due to the range of issues facing effective disaster recovery, multiple agencies will be involved with the housing SF.
Local governance, insurers, FEMA and other federal agencies, small business organizations, and long-term non-governmental recovery groups may each play a role in post-disaster housing strategies (Phillips, 2009). These same groups, agencies, and stakeholders may be involved in disaster prevention efforts. The list of agencies that may be involved in housing SF shows that needs and interests are generally focused on similar recovery goals, but that competing interests are inevitable. At the…...

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References

Bang, H. N., & Few, R. (2012). Social risks and challenges in post-disaster resettlement: the case of Lake Nyos, Cameroon. Journal Of Risk Research, 15(9), 1141-1157. doi:10.1080/13669877.2012.705315.

FEMA. (2009). National Disaster Housing Strategy. {pgs 24-28 and 50-85}.

Phillips, B.D. (2009). Excerpt from Disaster Recovery.

Zhang, Y., & Peacock, W. G. (2010). Planning for Housing Recovery? Lessons Learned From Hurricane Andrew. Journal of The American Planning Association, 76(1), 5-24. doi:10.1080/01944360903294556.

US Disaster Preparation and Lack of with Regards to the Hurricanes and US Administration Introduction
The health policy relating to U.S. disaster preparation or lack thereof with respect to hurricanes is one that must include a better system of communication between the U.S. disaster response teams and the hospitals in the affected regions. As Hurricane Katrina showed, the U.S. was not prepared to handle the level of response needed in the wake of the catastrophe the hurricane produced. The problems with the response to Hurricane Katrina were numerous: there was no National Response Plan (NPR) in place and there was no National Incident Management System (NIMS) in existence. Additionally, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was virtually ineffective: it had been in decline for years, was suffering from significant turnover among top leaders, and the individuals who were in charge lacked the appropriate leadership experience and knowledge to oversee an effective response…...

Disaster Planning
The author of this report will be answering several questions that relate to disaster pre-planning and post-planning. To be specific, there will be a focus on the documents and plans that are created for both. The author of this report will elaborate on the differences that exist between the planning that exists for both pre-disaster and post-disaster scenarios. The author of this report shall use personally gleaned examples to make the case. Finally, there will be the answering of whether pre-planning or post-planning is more important in the grand scheme of things. While post-disaster reactions in terms of documentation are very important, planning for the disasters in advance and knowing what to do and why when the time comes is much more important.

Analysis

When it comes to the three differences between pre-disaster planning and post-disaster planning, there are easily more than three differences but the author of this report shall…...

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References

DHS. (2015). Denver UASI All-Hazards Regional Recovery Framework (pp. 1-154). Denver, CO: Department of Homeland Security.

Fairfax County. (2012). Fairfax County Pre-Disaster Recovery Plan. Fairfax, VA: Office of Emergency Management.

Guarino, M. (2010). Would New Orleans levees hold for a second Katrina?. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 14 September 2015, from  http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0829/Would-New-Orleans-levees-hold-for-a-second-Katrina 

Schwab, J. (2014). Planning Post-Disaster Recovery (pp. 4-197). Chicago, IL: American Planning Association.

Disaster Preparedness Plan:
Georgia has been an area threatened by some of form of natural disaster that has a huge negative impact on the well-being of its residents and the personnel and financial resources of the emergency response agencies. The most common natural disaster that occurs in this area is tornadoes that have terrorized both the rural and urban areas while making everyone in danger of their perils. In the recent years, Georgia experienced deadly tornadoes that caused harm, damages, and deaths in approximately 15 counties within the state. Give the nature of these tragedies, residents of this state need to be prepared and planned on how to respond to such emergencies.

Tornadoes in Georgia:

Tornadoes are regarded as nature's most violent storms since they can generate wind speeds of over 250 mph and appear from nowhere with little warning ("March Marks Start of Active Tornado," n.d.). These natural disasters are the most…...

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References:

"Defining the Need." (2002). Georgia Amateur Radio Emergency Service. Retrieved January 31,

2012, from  http://www.gaares.org/ARESPlan/potential_disasters_in_georgia.html#tornadoes 

"Georgia Emergency Operations Plan." (2010, August). GEMA / Homeland Security.

Retrieved from Georgia Emergency Management Agency / Homeland Security website:  http://www.gema.ga.gov/content/atts/prepare/Plans%20and%20Maps/Plan%20Library/GEOP2010.pdf

Disaster Preparedness
In the second hypothesis of the proposed research project, disaster management and emergency response are critical areas which can be explored further in terms of the United States' current performance in this area, applied in the context of national security. he second hypothesis of the study states that, there is a significant relationship between performance/competence in disaster preparedness and emergency response capabilities and the successful implementation of homeland security in the United States.

o test this hypothesis, the important variables that must be taken into consideration are (1) performance or competence in terms of disaster management and emergency response and (2) successful implementation of homeland security in the U.S. o measure performance or competence in terms of disaster management and emergency response, specific measures that could help determine this variable are the following: competency of individuals in agencies and departments responsible for disaster management and emergency response (on a national…...

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This journal article explores the disaster preparedness of the government in terms of a medical emergency response in the event that a disaster or attack (such as the September 11 attack) occurs in U.S. territory. One of the identified issues in medical emergency response is the lack of resources (staff and capacity in hospitals) necessary for an effective emergency response to be implemented in hospitals (i.e., from a medical perspective).

Waeckerle, J. (2000). "Domestic preparedness for events involving weapons of mass destruction." Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 293, No. 2.

The article discusses the importance of frequent and intensive trainings as an effective mitigation plan in disaster management and emergency response planning. The discussion centers on preparedness in terms of responding to emergencies related to attacks with weapons of mass destruction or WMDs. The model introduced by the author proposed subsistence to the following steps in curtailing or preventing a WMD attack from escalating, such as: establishment of a surveillance system; specific training for health care personnel; and a central federal coordinating office responsible for spearheading an effective emergency response program, which would include the state and local representatives of law enforcement, fire services, emergency managers, and healthcare professionals.

1. The ethical implications of artificial intelligence in society
2. The impact of artificial intelligence on job markets and employment
3. The potential benefits and risks of autonomous artificial intelligence
4. The role of artificial intelligence in healthcare and medicine
5. The use of artificial intelligence in law enforcement and surveillance
6. The development of artificial general intelligence (AGI) and its implications
7. The impact of artificial intelligence on privacy and data security
8. The potential for bias and discrimination in AI algorithms
9. The future of artificial intelligence in education and learning
10. The integration of artificial intelligence in social media and online platforms.
11. The role of artificial....

1. The causes and effects of tsunamis
2. How communities can prepare for and mitigate the impact of tsunamis
3. The role of science and technology in predicting and monitoring tsunamis
4. The environmental impact of tsunamis on marine ecosystems
5. Tsunamis in history: notable events and their consequences
6. The psychological impact of tsunamis on survivors and affected communities
7. The economic cost of tsunamis and rebuilding efforts
8. The importance of international cooperation in responding to tsunamis
9. Climate change and the potential impact on future tsunami occurrence
10. The cultural significance and folklore surrounding tsunamis in different regions.
11. Tsunami warning systems: how effective are they in....

1. The importance of disaster preparedness in emergency management
2. The role of technology in improving emergency response and preparedness
3. The challenges of coordinating emergency management efforts across multiple agencies and organizations
4. The impact of climate change on emergency management planning and response
5. The ethical considerations of prioritizing resources during a disaster response
6. The role of community engagement in effective emergency management
7. The psychological effects of disasters on survivors and first responders
8. The interconnectedness of public health and emergency management in disaster response
9. The effectiveness of early warning systems in mitigating the impact of natural disasters
10. The use of social media....

Mudslides: A Devastating Threat to Communities

Mudslides, also known as debris flows, are fast-moving mixtures of soil, rock, water, and sometimes vegetation that can cause catastrophic damage and loss of life. These natural hazards pose a significant threat to communities located in mountainous or hilly areas, particularly during heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt.

Effective Preparation and Response Strategies

Preparing for and responding to mudslides requires a comprehensive approach involving multiple stakeholders, including government agencies, emergency responders, community members, and landowners. Here are key strategies to mitigate the risks and enhance community resilience:

1. Hazard Identification and Mapping:

Conduct thorough geological surveys to identify areas....