Soft and hard targets and defined and discussed as well as the need for population defense and the idea that with a coordinated, comprehensive response plan and team implementation, the disaster related damage can be minimized. This chapter is devoted to covering the terrorism aspect of disaster, and helps to tie together the previous two chapters.
Chapter 12 deals with mass casualties and evacuation. This chapter also ties in closely to the previous chapters regarding terrorism weapons of mass destruction. Large-scale evacuations have their own set of challenges, as do dealing with huge numbers of casualties. And because this is not a very common scenario, many fire departments and local authorities are not well prepared for these types of emergencies. Kramer discusses the dire necessity of proper planning and execution of disaster relief efforts during these specific times of crisis. The National Disaster Medical System is discussed as well as…...
Disaster Planning
Context of the movie 'American History X'
American culture is arguably less racist than it was 80 years ago. It is certainly less racist that it was 150 years ago. At least most people would like to think so. America currently has its first black president, something that was inconceivable even at the time of the passing of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Jim Crow Laws are no longer a part if of the legal framework of the nation. e no longer have officially segregated schools, but it can be argued that schools are still segregated culturally. The movie American History X it makes the rhetorical argument that even though America would like to believe that it has shed its racist skin, in fact racism is still a very real part of the American fabric.
In his 1998 film American History X, director Tony Kaye, makes the rhetorical statement that we…...
mlaWorks Cited
American Nazi Party (2012). Who We Are. Retrieved from http://www.americannaziparty.com/about/index.php
Antifa.cz (2012). The Big Neo-Nazi Crib. Retrieved from nazi-cribhttp://www.antifa.cz/content/big-neo -
CivilRights.org (2012). The State of Hate: White Supremecist Groups Growing. Retrieved from http://www.civilrights.org/publications/hatecrimes/white-supremacist.html
Egbert, R (1998). American History X. 30 October 1998. Retrieved from http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19981030/REVIEWS/810300301/1023
Disaster Planning
A Review of Crisis and Disaster Prevention Literature
Disasters strike weekly, sometimes daily, all around the world. Crises happen, simply because humans create and perpetuate them. his is why nations and the leaders within them, just as companies and their leaders, ought to be ready for any eventuality. Crisis and disaster prevention thus becomes, not a need, but a vital fact of reality, and those who want to survive implement comprehensive disaster planning early on, for longevity's sake. his literature review will discuss the importance of such planning, as well as detail different types of crisis and disaster prevention and recovery strategies.
he FEMA Outlook
Before beginning any crisis prevention plan, an enterprise must understand that there are clear emergency management techniques that must be put in place at the very outset of any endeavor. here has been a great literature written on emergency management, for it is undertaken not just…...
mlaThe next study focuses on the importance of communication as mentioned above as well, but stresses the role of ethics in organization crisis management, which according to the piece, has received limited attention. Furthermore, the study aims to not only fill the gap aforementioned, but also prove a relevance for contingency plans, especially in today's ever-changing times, and make note of the fact that signal detection and uptake in organizational prevention is vital. The study also highlights implications for prevention, and takes in consideration such disasters as the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger in order to best see how further research and detail could prevent such disasters from happening.[footnoteRef:11] [11: Simola, S. 2005. Concepts of Care in Organizational Crisis Prevention. Journal of Business Ethics 62(4), pp. 341-353. ]
Conclusions
This paper has focused on analyzing what today's brightest minds say about disaster planning both within nations and within companies, and what strategies are best to avoid failure, for a business, when a crisis does happen. This literature review, though comprehensive, has shown some gaps, especially in discussing potential ways in which to handle today's most important threats, such as terrorism, and ways in which to move forward quickly after a disaster has taken place. Furthermore, there is little literature showing how businesses can best adapt to these circumstances, as they are relatively novel, especially given the uniqueness of many businesses. It is thus recommended that further research be undertaken with specific case studies in mind.
.Additional batteries are also needed, however, not the rechargeable batteries or flashlight. To help full the numerous lists of "necessary" items to prepare for an emergency disaster the army/navy retailer is generally not the best place to purchase batters; bottled water; etc.. These stores do on the other hand provide emergency water filtration and purification products. They also market field food prep kits and portable cooking accessories. Other items readily available at these stores include: "Shelter -- military surplus blankets, cots, sleeping bags, tents, duffels, shovels... outerwear are very practical, well-made and inexpensive components of any home disaster preparation kit. Military-style inflatable lifeboats and vests are great for flood use." Gas masks, on the other hand, are not a particular item needed for emergency disaster planning and as Hawver contends, "best promoted as Halloween items rather than as effective for use in emergency situations." In the same sense, helmets, chemical…...
mlaReferences
Bauer, Jim. (2005). "How To: Survive A Natural Disaster." 19 November 2006. http://www.askmen.com/fashion/how_to_200/206_how_to.html .
Boston, Gabriella. "Shelter from disaster; Homes should be stocked with food, first-aid kit for emergencies.(FAMILY TIMES)," The Washington Times, March 7, 2004.
Brewer, E. Cobham. (1898) "[Scornful Dogs will eat dirty Puddings.]." Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Philadelphia: Henry Altemus, 1898; Bartleby.com, 2000. 23 November 2006. http://www.bartleby.com/br/81.html .
Bubny, Paul. "Survival & emergency gear: a state of readiness: hurricane season is a good time to emphasize survival and emergency gear, but disasters can strike any time of year.," ANSOM (Army, Navy, Supplies, Outdoor Merchandise), July 15, 2006.
As Nielsen and Lidstone (1998) note,
It is ironic that the public demands safety yet a number of cost-effective and feasible measures to mitigate disasters are not adopted by many... Such a failure of the public to adopt disaster mitigation measures has a long record in Australia
(Nielsen and Lidstone 1998)
This attitude is one of the reasons given for the greater emphasis on public education. In theoretical terms, the view is put forward that an educated public will be able to deal with emergencies and disasters more effectively and that this should form an integral part of emergency and disaster management and planning. This in turn has resulted in a "...renewal of focus, at both a national and global level, upon public education as a means to disaster mitigation" (Nielsen and Lidstone 1998). To this end the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the United States (FEMA) has collected data from more…...
mlaBibliography
Asghar S. et al. Dynamic integrated model for decision support systems. I. j. Of simulation 6. ( (Accessed July 15, 2008).http://www.ema.gov.au/agd/EMA/rwpattach.nsf/viewasattachmentpersonal/(85FE07930A2BB4482E194CD03685A8EB)~Public_education_and_disaster_management.pdf/$file/Public_education_and_disaster_management.pdf.
D'Ercole, R. 1994. "Les Vulnerabilites des Societes et des Espaces
Urbanises: Concepts, Typologies, Mode d'Analyse." Revue de
Geographie Alpine 32 (4): 87-96.
Disaster Plan
In the modern era, it is important that government from the federal to the local level have risk management plans in place for natural disasters, man-made issues and of course, terrorism. Generally speaking, risk management helps identify, prioritize and put plans in place regarding areas of risk that can impact the community. The overall purpose of risk management is so that agencies can be proactive in their identification and implementing plans for disasters and risks since in the modern world these plans involve numerous agencies and complex coordination. Thankfully, standards have been developed that organize risk management by looking at six general paradigms: 1) Identifying risks in the context of the area (e.g. flood planning is less important in Arizona than in Louisiana); 2) Planning a process to mitigate the situation (who is in charge); 3) Mapping the objectives of stakeholders (who will be involved); 4) Developing a framework/map…...
mlaREFERENCES
Colorado Division of Emergency Management. (2013). News, Info and Preparedness.
Retrieved from: http://www.coemergency.com/
Drabek, T., et.al.. (1991). Emergency Management: Principles and Practices for Local Government. International City Management Association.
Frenkel, M., Hommel, U., & Rudolf, M. (Eds.). (2005). Risk Management - Challenge and Opportunity. New York: Springer.
Hurricane Floyd was deemed to be a Category 4 storm with 145 mph winds. It was also seen to be bigger than the hurricane Andrew, which had struck south Florida in 1992. Andrew caused a huge disaster and left 26 dead, 160,000 homeless, and property damage of $25 billion. Floyd was determined to be bigger and potentially more dangerous than Andrew, which caused people to panic. Officials had reported by Sunday night Floyd could become a Category 5 hurricane with winds exceeding 155 mph, which led to the officials deciding to evacuate the residents who were most likely to be affected by the storm. However, hurricane Floyd bypassed the state completely with its 140 mph winds skirting the peninsula off the coastline. Floyd did not make landfall and the evacuation orders issued were not necessary. The issue hurricane Floyd presented was one to do with communication on who should evacuate. The…...
SAFETY
Hurricane Katrina and the Plan Efforts to educe elated Disaster Impacts in Future
Hurricane Katrina
The hurricane Katrina is one of the deadliest hurricanes to occur in the United States. The hurricane hit Louisiana, Florida, and New Orleans amongst other places. It led to losses, evacuation of people, loss of lives and many businesses came to stand still. New Orleans had flood preparedness systems, which did not help, and floods persisted for weeks. The tragedy was contributed to by the lack of risk preparedness systems. Scientists have estimated lower storm surges and small coverage of wetlands in the 20th century. The winds, surges, and wetlands help to weaken the powerful winds. The areas are still vulnerable to hurricanes and storms in the future due to the geographic location. New Orleans city is also sinking geologically rapidly. Lessons learned from the hurricane Katrina should be used for disaster preparedness.
Federal officials had too little…...
mlaReferences
Department Of Homeland Security Appropriations. (2008). New York: DIANE Publishing.
Daniels, R.D. (2006). On Risk And Disaster Lessons From Hurricane Katrina. New York: University of Pennslyvania.
Huddow, G.J. (2010). Introduction To Emergency Management. Atlanta: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Jenkins, O. (2009). National Preparedness. New York: DIANE Publishing.
Disasters and Their Management
Disaster Management
egional Disaster Analysis
Both natural and human caused disasters have been an issue in the safety of human beings all over the world. Fortunately, there are international agencies that are created for the purpose of mitigation purposes and assist in the prevention of disaster effects that would be more adverse. State governments also have the obligation of adopting the right preventive and counter actions to assist in cushioning citizens from the effects of disasters. This paper, therefore, analyzes the types of disasters in Africa, and the theoretical approaches in the management of the disasters. Under management of disasters, different factors are discussed including response, preparedness and recovery and mitigation practices. There is also a review of both the International Agencies and Local Governments, relating to their preparedness in responding to disasters. Finally, there is an analysis on the partnership relationships between public and private agencies to create…...
mlaReferences
Christopher, M. & Tatham, P. (2011) Humanitarian Logistics: Meeting of Challenge of Preparing for and Responding to Disasters. New York: Kogan Page Publishers.
Congress (2006) congressional Record, V. 149, Pt.2, January 21, 2003 to February 11, 2003. Congress.
Holden, S. (2003) AIDS on the Agenda: Adapting Development and Humanitarian Programs to meet the challenge of HIV / AIDS. New York: Oxfam Publishers.
Oniang'o, R. (2009) Food and Nutrition Emergencies in East Africa: Political, Economic and Environmental Associations. New York: International Food Policy Restoration Institution.
Disaster Planning
The author of this report will be answering several questions that relate to disaster pre-planning and post-planning. To be specific, there will be a focus on the documents and plans that are created for both. The author of this report will elaborate on the differences that exist between the planning that exists for both pre-disaster and post-disaster scenarios. The author of this report shall use personally gleaned examples to make the case. Finally, there will be the answering of whether pre-planning or post-planning is more important in the grand scheme of things. While post-disaster reactions in terms of documentation are very important, planning for the disasters in advance and knowing what to do and why when the time comes is much more important.
Analysis
When it comes to the three differences between pre-disaster planning and post-disaster planning, there are easily more than three differences but the author of this report shall…...
mlaReferences
DHS. (2015). Denver UASI All-Hazards Regional Recovery Framework (pp. 1-154). Denver, CO: Department of Homeland Security.
Fairfax County. (2012). Fairfax County Pre-Disaster Recovery Plan. Fairfax, VA: Office of Emergency Management.
Guarino, M. (2010). Would New Orleans levees hold for a second Katrina?. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 14 September 2015, from http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0829/Would-New-Orleans-levees-hold-for-a-second-Katrina
Schwab, J. (2014). Planning Post-Disaster Recovery (pp. 4-197). Chicago, IL: American Planning Association.
Disaster Preparedness Plan:
Georgia has been an area threatened by some of form of natural disaster that has a huge negative impact on the well-being of its residents and the personnel and financial resources of the emergency response agencies. The most common natural disaster that occurs in this area is tornadoes that have terrorized both the rural and urban areas while making everyone in danger of their perils. In the recent years, Georgia experienced deadly tornadoes that caused harm, damages, and deaths in approximately 15 counties within the state. Give the nature of these tragedies, residents of this state need to be prepared and planned on how to respond to such emergencies.
Tornadoes in Georgia:
Tornadoes are regarded as nature's most violent storms since they can generate wind speeds of over 250 mph and appear from nowhere with little warning ("March Marks Start of Active Tornado," n.d.). These natural disasters are the most…...
mlaReferences:
"Defining the Need." (2002). Georgia Amateur Radio Emergency Service. Retrieved January 31,
2012, from http://www.gaares.org/ARESPlan/potential_disasters_in_georgia.html#tornadoes
"Georgia Emergency Operations Plan." (2010, August). GEMA / Homeland Security.
Retrieved from Georgia Emergency Management Agency / Homeland Security website: http://www.gema.ga.gov/content/atts/prepare/Plans%20and%20Maps/Plan%20Library/GEOP2010.pdf
Planning Efforts to educe Future Disaster Impacts
This paper looks at options for programs to be put in place before to a disaster to avoid major and often poorly-managed expenditures after a catastrophe and to offer suitable protection against the risk of those large losses which do occur. It is important for the government to provide programs that enlightens the citizens on how to deal with the hazards that come with hurricanes. Natural hazards have taken place in America and they have not been well attended to. The response in the Haiti earthquake showed some weakness in response. Hurricane Katrina should have given Americans a lesson on how to prevent major destructions in case of a similar scenario.
Introduction
Katrina was a hurricane that hit the Atlantic in 2005 and was known to be the most dangerous hurricane in history of America. Over 1,836 people died as a result of this hurricane with…...
mlaReferences
Mancuso, Louis C.; Alijani, Ghasem S.; Kwun, Obyung. (2011). The effects of the BP oil spill and hurricane Katrina in South Louisiana. Entrepreneurial Executive,
Mckenzie, Russell; Levendis, John; (2010). Flood Hazards and Urban Housing Markets: The effects of Katrina on New Orleans. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, pp. 62-76.
LaJoie, Andrew Scott; Sprang, Ginny; McKinney, William Paul.(2010). Long-term effects of Hurricane Katrina on psychological well being of evacuees. Disasters, p1031-1044, 14p,
Shaughnessy, Timothy M.; White, Mary L.; Brendler, Michael D.; (2010). The Income Distribution effect of Natural Disasters: An Analysis of Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, pp. 84-95
The Code also allows for one accessory building, a storage shed, fences, walls, and landscape screens. These screens are not to exceed seven feet in height. They should also be adjacent to the rear and side property lines. At the front, they should not exceed three feet in height. Private swimming pools are also subject to Code specifications.
The Code is aimed at the comfort and well-being of residents, in terms of which domestic animals are also taken into account. The Code does not require specific provisions for domestic animals such as dogs or cats, apart from the fact that they are required to remain inside the fenced area of their residence. If livestock were to be held on a property, the provision is one animal per ten thousand squire feet of the lot area. If these animals are held on a property, they are required to be in a stock-tight…...
Disaster Preparedness
In the second hypothesis of the proposed research project, disaster management and emergency response are critical areas which can be explored further in terms of the United States' current performance in this area, applied in the context of national security. he second hypothesis of the study states that, there is a significant relationship between performance/competence in disaster preparedness and emergency response capabilities and the successful implementation of homeland security in the United States.
o test this hypothesis, the important variables that must be taken into consideration are (1) performance or competence in terms of disaster management and emergency response and (2) successful implementation of homeland security in the U.S. o measure performance or competence in terms of disaster management and emergency response, specific measures that could help determine this variable are the following: competency of individuals in agencies and departments responsible for disaster management and emergency response (on a national…...
mlaThis journal article explores the disaster preparedness of the government in terms of a medical emergency response in the event that a disaster or attack (such as the September 11 attack) occurs in U.S. territory. One of the identified issues in medical emergency response is the lack of resources (staff and capacity in hospitals) necessary for an effective emergency response to be implemented in hospitals (i.e., from a medical perspective).
Waeckerle, J. (2000). "Domestic preparedness for events involving weapons of mass destruction." Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 293, No. 2.
The article discusses the importance of frequent and intensive trainings as an effective mitigation plan in disaster management and emergency response planning. The discussion centers on preparedness in terms of responding to emergencies related to attacks with weapons of mass destruction or WMDs. The model introduced by the author proposed subsistence to the following steps in curtailing or preventing a WMD attack from escalating, such as: establishment of a surveillance system; specific training for health care personnel; and a central federal coordinating office responsible for spearheading an effective emergency response program, which would include the state and local representatives of law enforcement, fire services, emergency managers, and healthcare professionals.
In the wake of a disaster, a business is likely to suffer from a reduction of revenue, until the normal business climate returns. In some cases, the normal business climate may take years to return, and the loss of business will be prolonged. The loss of business can be insured against to some degree, but there are also systemic steps that can be taken to mitigate the damage. Having a low debt level can help a business to survive a post-disaster slowdown, because the business will still be able to meet its financial obligations even with reduced revenue streams. Diversification, in particular geographic diversification, can help as well. A small restaurant operator with three restaurants in Miami is more susceptible to business failure post-hurricane than a restauranteur with three locations spread between Miami, Tampa and Orlando, since any given hurricane will only close one restaurant in the group instead of…...
mlaWorks Cited:
Accenture. (2010). Business continuity and disaster recovery planning. Accenture. Retrieved November 27, 2010 from http://www.accenture.com/Global/Technology/Technology_Consulting/Security-Solutions/Services/ContinuityDisasterRecover.htm
Momani, N. (2010). Business continuity planning: Are we prepared for future disasters. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration. Vol. 2 (3) 272-279.
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