Diagnosis is a process that involves determination or identification o disease or illness. There are various factors which determine an individual's susceptibility to an illness. These can be categorized broadly as biological factors, socio-cultural factors, environmental factors, stressors, behavior, and personality. Since they lead to development of an illness they can consequently be used in the diagnosis of a particular illness.
Biological factors

There are various biological factors which can be used in diagnosis of a disease. These factors can help a physician make conclusions on a particular individual based on the factors. These factors include family history of the illness, if there is history in a family of a particular illness then it is easy to diagnose the disease on an individual from the family. Secondly if an individual has been exposed to an infectious organism that causes a particular illness then a diagnosis of the illness can be made easily.…...

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References

Cherry, K. (2010).What is Health Psychology? Retrieved April 3, 2013 from  http://psychology.about.com/od/branchesofpsycholog1/p/health-psychology.htm 

Tate, A. (2008).The Role of Psychology in Health Problems. Retrieved April3, 2013 from  http://voices.yahoo.com/the-role-psychology-health-problems-1041157.html?cat=5

Initially, CDDSS was viewed as a tool that was to replace rather than supplement the diagnostic capabilities of the clinician-users. However, this has changed among the experienced users. Some naive users have also expected too much from the system with some even expecting the system to behave in a similar manner to them (experts) (Shortliffe, 2006). These misunderstandings have led to the system being opposed for a long time.
Given that most users still use the definition of diagnosis which is a 'single-event', there is a mismatch that has occurred between the expectations of the user and the capabilities of the system. Most clinicians are interested in the outcome of the diagnostic process rather than the process itself which has led many clinicians to expect CDDSS to take all the necessary findings from the patient and give a single 'answer', such users failed to understand that this system is meant…...

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References

Coiera, E. (2003). The guide to health informatics (2nd Ed.). Arnold: London.

Shortliffe, E. (1986). Medical expert systems knowledge tools for physicians. West J. Med, 145:

830-839.

Shortliffe, E. (2006). Medical thinking: What should we do? Retrieved on May 19, 2010 from  http://www.openclinical.org/docs/ext/conferences/medicalthinking2006/shortliffe.pdf

Since there seems to be a mixture of symptoms and causes this combination technique has produced the best results so far.
Though psychotherapy and counseling alone are not very effective in treatment of schizophrenia, they can be much more effective than medications alone because those that suffer from schizophrenia often do not stay on their medications. Paired with counseling of not only the individual but also the family and caretakers of the person suffering from schizophrenia, the medications have a much higher chance of providing relief from the symptoms. It is also important to note that, as with any mental illness that is being treated with medications, counseling is necessary to ensure the individual is getting the proper medication and appropriate dosage. Without the opportunity to explore their individual situation the sufferer may simply stop taking a medication that seems to be of no help, or is causing side effects…...

Diagnosis in organizations can be done using a number of different techniques. Clients typically understand the problems, but they need to understand the underlying causes of the problems. Some of the methods are freestanding diagnostic studies and self-diagnosis. The former often focuses on a single problem, but it can focus on multiple problems as well. The authors note that there are three steps to success diagnosis: process, modeling, and methods. Some methods for gathering data are questionnaires, interviews, observation, workshops and group discussions. These methods allow the consultant to gather information about the organization in order to make their diagnosis.
I do not think that I have been involved in any sort of change process. However, there were situations where a diagnostic process would have helped, because the organization did have some issues that needed to be resolved. In such situations, the lack of diagnostic process was a hindrance to managerial…...

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References

Chapter 1: Diagnosis: Models and Approaches.

Kouzes & Posner. (2012). When leaders are at their best.

Ruvio, A., Rosenblatt, Z., Lazarowitz, R. (2010). Entrepreneurial leadership vision in non-profit vs. for-profit organizations. The Leadership Quarterly. Vol. 21 (2010) 144-158.

Diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa:
Judy Jones, aged 14, has lost 30 pounds in the past year to an extent that she now weighs a very unhealthy 85 pounds. The primary care doctor attending to Judy Jones has ruled out physical causes and given her a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. As a result, Jones situation requires a proper analysis to understand the reason for her weight loss and its link to the physician's diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. One of the major processes used to examine these situations is cognitive-behavioral family therapy. The main focus of the article is to examine Judy Jones' condition through the use of Cognitive-Family therapy techniques and explaining the reasons for the use of these techniques in the case study.

Anorexia Nervosa:

Anorexia nervosa is described as a mental health disorder whose common symptoms include deliberate weight loss, intrusive overwhelming fears of weight gain, and disordered body image (Gardner &…...

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References:

"Anorexia Nervosa." (2012, January 5). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved July 11, 2013, from  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/anorexia/DS00606/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs 

Gardner, J. & Wilkinson, P. (2011). Is Family Therapy the Most Effective Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa? Psychiatria Danubina, 23(1), 175-177. Retrieved http://www.hdbp.org/psychiatria_danubina/pdf/dnb_vol23_sup/dnb_vol23_sup_175.pdf

Grave, R.D., Calugi, S., Doll, H.A. & Fairburn, C.G. (2013, January). Enhanced Cognitive

Behaviour Therapy for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: An Alternative to Family Therapy? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51 (1), R9-R12. Retrieved from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3662031/

Diagnosis of Reading Disabilities
Diagnostic Evaluation

Child's Name: JoAnn Kelley

Grade

Native Language: English

Age

Family Background

JoAnn was adopted by her foster mother while JoAnn was in third grade. JoAnn was removed from the custody of her biological parents after repeated reports of domestic violence in which the biological father inflicted physical harm on JoAnn and her Mother. The biological mother refused to file formal charges on the father and JoAnn was removed to foster care. Remediation and counseling attempts failed and the foster mother adopted JoAnn during the summer between second and third grade. JoAnn lives with her adopted father, mother, stepsister and stepbrother. The situation is nurturing and stable.

School History

JoAnn has been reported to be attentive in all of her classes and has participated in class. She excels in many subjects but shows extreme deficiencies in some. Her math and reading skills have been a source of difficulty in the past. Math skills are…...

He may also be humiliated by his having the disease or may be avoided by others who do not know how to approach the patient or are discomfited by doing so, particularly since cancer indicates mortality and mortality is one aspect of life's facts that individuals generally like to avoid.
Other feelings of inferiority and shame are caused by loss of autonomy and independence, vulnerability, and mutilation and most frightening of all is the fear of death. Clinical depression can easily become an outcome.

Some may also experience psychiatric disorder as a result, with the Psychological Collaborative Oncology Group finding that 47% of patients who had been diagnosed with cancer fell into psychiatric disorder with two thirds having depressed or anxious moods whilst one third experienced major depression, delirium, anxiety disorder, or some other major mental illness (Sandoval-Cros, 1999)

Methods to lessen physical and psychological effects.

The three most common types of effects…...

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References

American Cancer Society Staging www.cancer.org/Treatment/UnderstandingYourDiagnosis/staging

MD Anderson Cancer Center: Diagnostic tests www.mdanderson.org/.../diagnostic-tests/index.html

MedicineNet.com: Chemotherapy and cancer treatment, coping with side effects www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=21716

Sandoval-Cros CJ. (1999) Common psychological problems in the cancer patient Moffitt Cancer Center

Next, arch your back in the opposite direction, contracting your abs and pushing your lower back toward the ceiling while lowering the top of your head toward the floor. Make sure that all movement is initiated and controlled by your lower back. Repeat three times in each direction.
Tail wag- Get down on all fours and look down at the floor. Keeping your shoulders still, slowly push your right hip as far as you can toward your right shoulder. Then, slowly return to the starting position and repeat the exercise on the other side, pushing your left hip toward your right shoulder. Repeat three times on each side.

Upper back stretch- Sit on a stool with your head and back flat against a wall. Lift your arms over your head and hold for five seconds. Try to make your shoulders touch the wall while keeping your back flat, and hold for…...

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401. Available from  http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/200406/20040601jensen.pdf 

Rogers, Sabrina. (2010). Top 10: exercises for back pain. Available from  http://www.askmen.com/top_10/fitness/26c_fitness_list.html 

Maisie, M. (2010). Exercises to Release Sciatic Nerve Pain. Available from  http://www.buzzle.com/articles/exercises-to-release-sciatic-nerve-pain.html

Therefore, she should be assessed for any possible medication that may help her depression or anxiety. But she also needs a therapeutic approach that addresses her isolation and her needs for healthy and appropriate attachment.
A excellent therapeutic for this need is a ogerian approach that incorporates the positive regard of Carl ogers. The following describes the approach that such a therapist would take:

ogers' strong belief in the positive nature of human beings is based on his many years of clinical experience, working with a wide variety of individuals & #8230; the theory of person-centered therapy suggests any client, no matter what the problem, can improve without being taught anything specific by the therapist, once he/she accepts and respects themselves & #8230;.the resources all lie within the client. (Pescitelli, n.d.)

While critics argue that ogerian therapy is not sufficiently rigorous, it remains extremely effective as a long-term approach for individuals who…...

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References

Anorexia nervosa. Retrieved from  http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/anorexia-nervosa/anorexia-nervosa-topic-overview?page=2 

Pescitelli, D. Rogerian therapy. Retrieved from http://www.pandc.ca/?cat=carl_rogers&page=rogerian_therapy

The symptoms which indicate PTSD may also vary depending on the nature of the traumatic event which causes the symptoms. Although PTSD is often caused by events which harm the subject directly, it can also occur when an event harms a loved one. The shock one feels when a loved one passes away often triggers avoidance responses such as withdrawal or depressed moods. Certain symptoms of reliving are also common, but involve reliving of events, often fond memories, involving the person instead of the event which caused the death. Such fond memories may cause feelings of longing and deprivation. Arousal is much less common because the event did not harm the individual to trigger flight responses such as nervousness and hyper-vigilance.

Counseling Techniques

The treatment of PTSD implicates the counseling profession because counseling is the primary means through which PTSD is treated. In contrast, adults, who are under more pressure to start…...

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References

Loeb, J., Stettler, E.M., Gavila, T., Stein, a., & Chinitz, S. (January 01, 2011). The child behavior checklist PTSD scale: screening for PTSD in young children with high exposure to trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24, 4, 430-4.

Kowalik J, Weller J, Venter J, Drachman D (September 2011). "Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder: a review and meta-analysis." J. Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 42 (3): 405 -- 13.

Shapiro F (2001). EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization of Reprocessing: Basic Principles, Protocols and Procedures (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. pp. 472.

 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001923/

ShortAnswerQs1WhenRosenhanstatesthatonecannotunderstandmentalillnesswithoutunderstandingtheenvironmentalcontextinwhichapersonwithadiagnosislives,heisexplainingwhydiagnosesalterthewaytheenvironmentofthepatientisperceived.Forinstance,hedescribeshowapseudopatientparticipantinhisstudywasdiagnosedwithschizophreniaandthereforeallhisrelationshipswereviewedashavingadegreeofambivalencebutnoneofitwastrue:thediagnosiswasframingtheperception,butthediagnosisofcoursewasfalse.Rosenhanarguesthatitshouldbetheotherwayaround,butitisnot:theperceptionofhiscircumstanceswasshapedentirelybythediagnosis.Inanothercase,pseudopatientstookextensivenotesduringtheirstayinthepsychiatricward,abehaviorthatshouldhaveproducedmoreremarkbynurses,butitdidnot:allofthesebehaviorswereviewedasanextensionoftheirpathologyandnotastheactionsofasaneperson.Thus,whatRosenhanmeansisthatindividualsshouldbeunderstoodfirstandforemostwithinthecontextoftheirenvironment.Onlythenshouldonesetaboutembarkingonadiagnosisofaperson.Byincorrectlyassumingthatoneisinsanewithoutunderstandingthepersonsenvironment,onemakesthemistakeofengaginginconfirmationbias.Thedoctorornurseassumesthatthepersonhasamentaldisorderandeverythingthepersondoesistheninterpretedfromthestandpointofthatperception,whichisinformedbybias.Biasshouldnotbepartofanyperceptionordiagnosis,andtocorrectforthat,oneshouldlookfirstattheenvironmentalcontextofthepersonandhowthebehaviorfitswiththecontext.Ifthebehaviorisinappropriatetothecontext,itislikelythatoneneedstoinvestigateandascertainwhy.2Thesociologicalandhistoricalreasonswomentendtointernalizeproblemsanddevelopmentaldisorderssuchasdepression,anxiety,andeatingdisordersasrelatedintheRosenfeldandSmitharticlehavetodowithgenderconceptionsandwithbiologicalandracialdifferences.Differentrolepositionsplayapartinthatwomentendtohavelessautonomyandareoftenputtingothersfirst,whereasmenaremoreindependentandself-serving(Rosenfeld&Smith,2010).Itisalsoexplainedthatwomentendtohavestrongersocialties,andsoforthemexternalizationoftheproblemisnotanissuethewayitisformen,whotendtobemoreanti-social.Womenaremorelikelytofeeloverwhelmedbythedemandsthefamilytiesplaceuponthemandtheyaremorelikelytohavepersonalcharacteristicsoflowself-esteemandalowsenseofmastery.Theytendtohavemoreofanemotionalreliancethandomen.However,themainreasonthattheyinternalizeproblemsisthatunlikementheyputtheneedsofothersfirstmoreoftenthantheirmalecounterpartsdo.Allofthisisviewedfromthestandpointofawhite,patriarchalsociety.WhentheresearchersexamineAfrican-Americanculture,theyfindthatAfrican-Americansshowthatsocializingpracticesencouraginghighself-regardalongwithhighregardforothersbenefitmentalhealth(Rosenfeld&Smith,2010,p.256).Theresearchersthussuggestthatwhitewomenshouldfollowtheexamplesetbyblackwomenandparticipateinsocialoutings,practicesandcustomsthatcreatestrongersensesofself-worthandself-appreciation.3ThesingularpieceofevidencefromthearticleExtremeIsolationthatshowsthathumandevelopmentmustbeenvironmental,notbiological,isthatAnaandIsabellehadincommonbeingisolatedfromallsocietyatayoungage,yetbothshowedmarkedimprovementsintheircognitivedevelopmentoncetheybegantobesocializedandcaredforinamorehumaneway.Anawasabletoshowdevelopmentintermsofinteractingwithothersandengaginginimaginativeplay,eventhoughsheonlyreachedthestageofa2.5yearoldsmentalitybythetimeshedied.Isabelledevelopedmoreextensivelyandcouldnotreallybedifferentiatedfromanormalchildonceshewasfullysocializedsothereweresomedifferences,butthesewereprobablyaresultofthefactthatAnahadadiseaseandIsabelledidnot.Basedontheirownexperiences,itcouldbeconcludedthatnurtureplaysasignificantroleinthedevelopmentofthechildthroughthevariousstagesofcognitiveandphysicalgrowth.Forexample,Isabellewasdeathlyafraidofmaleswhenshewasdiscovered.…...

Though there is not anything that clearly indicates that Cliff has not been through some sort of traumatic event to trigger his anxiety, it is unlikely that he suffers from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder since, again, his anxieties are not focused on any one thing and there is no indication in this vignette that he feels he is reliving any kind of event from his past. Social Phobic Disorder is highly unlikely since, again, Cliff operates out in the world with moderate success, and what is most telling to eliminate this diagnosis is the fact that Cliff does not state that he is concerned about his evaluations at work, but instead simply about arriving on time. And finally, Specific Phobic Disorder is not a consideration since, as stated before, his anxieties are not fixed on any one object, person, or situation.
eferences

American Psychological Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of…...

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References

American Psychological Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-IV-TR 4th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Caldwell, J.P. (2005). Anxiety disorders. Redmond Hill, ON CA: Firefly Publishers.

Scenario Analysis

Taking the five drivers of technological innovation, consolidation of the enterprise software industry, increased focus of new competitors in high growth sectors, compliance requirements of customers, and the shift in software to becoming more knowledge-based, the future of Cincom Systems is highly dependent on strategic renewal (Agarwal, Helfat, 2009). Taking these five factors together and defining realistic, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios provides insights into the extent to which Cincom Systems needs to accomplish strategic renewal.

Under a realistic scenario, Cincom Systems can expect the pace of technological innovation to continually increase with SaaS-based competitors gaining market share in the key areas of CM and channel management. The consolidation of the industry and increased focus of new competitors is under realistic scenario-based assumptions force Cincom to innovate from one product generation to the next with greater urgency. The two drivers of compliance requirements and the shift in enterprise software towards becoming…...

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References

Agarwal, R., and C. Helfat. 2009. Strategic Renewal of Organizations. Organization Science 20, no. 2, (March 1): 281-293,478.

Campbell-Kelly, M.. 2009. The Rise, Fall, and Resurrection of Software as a Service. Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM 52, no. 5, (May 1): 28.

Mitsuru Kodama. 2006. Knowledge-based view of corporate strategy. Technovation 26, no. 12, (December 1): 1390-1406.

)
Mary shows: A. Persistent or recurrent delay in, or absence of, orgasm following a normal sexual excitement phase in a way that is less than would be reasonable for Mary's age, sexual experience, and the adequacy of sexual stimulation she receives from her husband. B. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty, as Mary is disappointed with her sex life and marriage. C. The orgasmic dysfunction is not better accounted for by another Axis I disorder or to drugs, medication, or physical factors. Mary has suffered this problem all of her sexual life, thus the diagnosis specified as life long, and she has suffered this with all persons she has been intimate with, thus it is generalized, and as Mary has no physical complaints that might explain her lack of ability to achieve an orgasm, it is psychological.

3a. & 3b.

Possible causes might include John's physical and mental stress from…...

08% or higher. Blood Alcohol content is the concentrated amount of alcohol in the blood, and this number can be assessed via chemical and Breathalyzer tests. Though this limit was previously as high as.10% in some states, even the lowered limit is not adequate to prevent alcohol related vehicle accidents. In fact, law enforcement officials classify an accident as alcohol related if a driver's blood alcohol content was.01%, or two drinks, or higher. Though some groups praise the.08% law as one of the biggest steps in drunk driving prevention, other groups believe a no tolerance policy should be adopted for operating under the influence of alcohol, similar to the policy that is already in effect for minors.
The physiological effects of alcohol do not begin at.08%. In fact, they begin at much lower blood alcohol content levels. According to Brown University, moodiness increases at.02-.03%; fatigue, delayed reaction time, and errors in…...

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Works Cited

American Academy of Pediatrics. "Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects."

Pediatrics. 91.5(1993): 1004-1006.

Fetal Alcohol Information." Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. 2006. Centers for Disease Control. 6 May 2008.  http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fas/fasask.htm .

Proposition 65." Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. n.d. California

The client generally expects to receive a diagnosis, but also to be given information that will help him or her address current and past issues in order to move forward in life. There could be a very specific problem the client is having, or it might be an overarching feeling or problem, like depression or anxiety. Therapists expect clients to focus on the treatment options and advice they are given, and to take the relationship seriously. If clients are not willing to put in the work it takes to get better, it is very difficult for a therapist to actually....

While psychology refers to the study of the mind, clinical psychology specifically refers to that branch of the discipline that focuses on using psychology to create positive change, whether in individual lives or in the community as a whole.  There is a wide variety of topics you could approach in your thesis, depending on what topic interests you the most.  

Topic Ideas

1. The diagnosis of mental disorders in children: how young is too young to diagnose and does a diagnosis turn into a self-fulfilling prophecy for young children?
2. Diagnosing the non-patient: with many in the mental health fields....

Electronic medical records, which refer to medical records that are not only stored in electronic systems (which includes almost all medical records in the modern world, with the exception of some medical records maintained in non-industrialized nations), but that are accessible to multiple healthcare providers across different platforms.  The question is whether these records are able to improve quality of care by allowing healthcare providers to get a full picture of a patient’s medical history, as well as any presenting concerns or issues, as soon as the patient presents for medical treatment.  It would seem like the....

Bloom’s taxonomy is a way of using three hierarchical models to classify learning objectives.  Bloom’s taxonomy breaks learning down into three broad models based on learning styles: cognitive, affective, and sensory.  It then further divides each of these three larger categories into smaller areas. The cognitive domain is divided into knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.  The affective domain is divided into receiving, responding, valuing, organizing, and characterizing.  The sensory domain is divided into perception, set, guided response, mechanism, complex overt response, adaptation, and origination. It can be helpful to keep these various....