In "Dynamics of the Southern Collective: Developing Countries in Desertification Negotiations," Adil Najam refers to the Earth Summit and how it impacted anti-desertification programs. The 1992 Earth Summit, officially the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), reinforced the "North-South" conceptualization of environmental politics. Using the "North-South" framework, Najam notes that in spite of its geographic and cultural diversity, the conglomerate of G77 nations that comprises the South does share several features in common relevant to global environmental policy. Those features include risk aversion, shared mistrust of the "prevailing world order," and "low expectations," (Najam 128). The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification highlighted some of the commonalities among G77 states.

The G77 did promote desertification as a critical issue in the United Nations, spearheading the Convention to Combat Desertification. This fact made the Convention to Combat Desertification unique as well as historic: for the first time, so-called South nations…...

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References

Chasek, Downie, Brown. "Desertification." Global Environmental Politics. 2006.

Najam, Adil. "Dynamics of the Southern Collective: Developing Countries in Desertification Negotiations."

Yet, there have been transplant successes in sheltered embayments. One of the major conclusions that have been seen is that the cost of reef repair and coral transplantation is generally high but effectiveness is usually very low. Protection and conservation, rather than restoration of damaged reefs, is the preferred priority. However, there have been a number of successful mitigation efforts in Hawaii (Jokiel, ).
Disorder is a natural structuring force in both terrestrial and aquatic communities, with disturbed patches undergoing cycles of removal and recovery leading to spatial heterogeneity. Whether uproar is acute or chronic has significant implications for the disturbed ecosystem's time frame for recovery, with lower chances for recovery after chronic, long-term disturbances or after a phase shift from one major community to another like from coral-dominated to algal-dominated reefs. Hard corals mainly Scleractinia form the biological and structural foundations of coral reef ecosystems, and can recover rapidly…...

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References

Bellwood, D.R., Hughes, T.P., Folke, C. And Nystrom, M. (2004).Confronting the Coral Reef

Crisis. Nature. 429, p. 827-831.

Fox, Helen E. and. Caldwell, Roy L. (2006). Recovery from Blast Fishing on Coral Reefs: A Tale of Two

Scales. Ecological Applications. 16(5), pp. 1631-1635

Farmland to Deserts
A lot of arable land is increasingly turning into deserts nowadays. Many reasons are attributed to this tendency. According to UNESCO (2011) in a new technique to halt desert encroachment, taking a close look at China for instance, the rate of desertification has risen to world environmental organizations concern. This is because the rate of farmland deterioration has risen in china to 2460km2 per year. Among the causes of farmland deterioration to deserts are:

Intensive agriculture; overproduction from the same land is causing arable farmlands to convert to deserts as a result of nutrients in the soil being exhausted and not being replenished. The ultimate result has been the farmland becoming unproductive thus explaining desertification is on the increase.

Population pressure; UNESCO (2011) points out one this as one of the causes and effects of desert encroachment, too many people in a small piece of land results in too…...

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References

National Geographic (2011). Modern Day Plague. Retrieved July 29, 2011 from  http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/deforestation-overview/ 

Society for Ecological Restoration, (2011). Desert/Arid Land. Retrieved July 29, 2011

from http://globalrestorationnetwork.org/ecosystems/desert

UNESCO, (2011). A new Technique to Halt Desert Encroachment: Shelterbelts

The Leblanc alkali production processes were especially pernicious, but they followed along the lines of previous industrial processes. In other words, the first British environmental legislation was a response not so much to a qualitative change in industrial processes and their environmental impact but more to a quantitative increase in sources of pollution that had up to that point been (if only barely) tolerable.
Legislation Arising From Public Anger

At the center of the first British environmental legislation was the Leblanc process, an industrial process that produced of soda ash (which is chemically sodium carbonate) that came into use in the first decades of the 19th century. Named after its inventor, Nicolas Leblanc, it replaced an older process in which soda ash had been produced from wood ash. However, as the availability of wood ash declined (because of deforestation, a process that was occuring both in Great Britain and across Europe…...

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Resources Act (WRA) of 1991. This act "establishes the duties of the Environment Agency (EA) on flood defence and other areas relating to water management and quality."

"The EA has discretionary powers to improve and maintain river conditions. This means that the EA is not obliged to construct or maintain such works. In practice, the EA will only proceed with schemes that are not only beneficial but cost-effective.

"The Act also grants the EA powers to issue flood warnings and regulate what can be discharged into rivers, estuaries, coastal waters, lakes and groundwaters."

Canadian law on flooding is similarly divided between common law and statutory law.

First Nations

particularly using multicriteria analysis model of land use planning and land use management and how it affects the future of land management. It has 10 sources in APA format.
Issues pertaining to land use management, and land use planning are as varied in nature as their challenging existence. Taking diversity as one challenge, it is noticed that ascertaining the various goals, values and techniques of the land user have remained a crucial task. The intention of this paper is to detail some methodologies on selected issues of land use management and land use planning, and present relevant literature review that give credence to these methodologies.

The determination of how our land is or will be used is coined as land use planning and land management. Seeking to create a vision for use and management of lands and the natural resources, the land and resource management plans requires the involvement of people…...

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Works Cited

Toit, D.C. du.[July 2001]. Wise Land Use, White Paper On Spatial Planning And Land Use Management Ministry Of Agriculture And Land Affairs, available at:  http://www.polity.org.za/html/govdocs/white_papers/landdev.html?rebookmark=1 

Author not available, [2002]. United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, Chaper 10, Agenda 21, available at:  http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/land.htm 

Author not available, [2001]. United Nations Economic and Social Council, Commission on Sustainable Development http://ods-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N01/312/96/PDF/N0131296.pdf-OpenElement

O'Callaghan, M. [2001]. Global Vision, Sustainable City, available at: www.global-vision.org/city/intro.html

Water in Sub-Saharan Africa is of special interest because of my background but water is a fascinating issue in general, one that I think will play an increasingly large role in the 21st century, as the effects of population growth and climate change bring about significant changes to our water usage and availability. A lack of water in particular has a substantial destabilizing effect.
Water as a social issue combines a lot of different elements. As an issue, water sits at the intersection of social justice, politics, economics and agriculture are all areas weather. This is probably because water is so essential to human life. We drink it, we use in for domestic purposes, agricultural, industrial, transportation. Yet clean water is not always easy to come by. Some feel that access to clean water is a human right. So there is a significant importance attached to water in most parts of…...

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References

Acerman, M. & Hollis, G. (1996). Water management and wetlands in sub-Saharan Africa. IUCN: Switzerland.

Bayliss, K. & Fine, B. (2007). Privatization and alternative public sector reform in sub-Saharan Africa: Delivering on electricity and water. Palgrave MacMillan.

Bojo, J. (1996). The costs of land degradation in sub-Saharan Africa. Ecological Economics. Vol. 16 (2) 161-173.

Conway, D., Persechino, A., Ardoin, S., Hamandawana, H., Dieulin, C. & Mahe, G. (2008). Rainfall and water resources variability in sub-Saharan Africa during the 20th century. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research Retrieved April 18, 2014 from  http://tyndall.ac.uk/sites/default/files/wp119.pdf

" There is also a problem with deforestation, overgrazing, soil erosion and over-fishing, and because of the clear-cutting of forested areas in Senegal, a process of "desertification" is well underway. The problem of desertification is significant because according to United Nations' information (Thompson Gale / Nations Encyclopedia) 46% of Senegal is classified as semiarid. There has been "inadequately controlled cutting of forests for fuel" and there has also been significant overgrazing of existing grasslands (which are dwindling away). The capital of Dakar suffers from "improper sanitation" according to Nations Encyclopedia; but on the positive side of urban life, 92% of city dwellers have access to safe drinking water. Still, wherever you look in Senegal, you can't escape the fact that this is a third world country; to wit, 35% of people living in rural Senegal do not have access to safe drinking water.
Those above-mentioned facts having been presented, there is…...

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Works Cited

African Conservation. "Senegal: The African Mangrove Network." Retrieved April 12, 2007 from  http://www.africanconservation.org/senegal.html .

CIA. "The World Factbook: Senegal." Retrieved April 12, 2007, at  http://www.cia.gov/publications/factbook/pring/sg.html .

Encyclopedia of the Nations. "Senegal: Environment." Retrieved April 12, 2007, from Thompson - Gale at  http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/e/africa/Senegal-ENVIRONMENT.html .

Sakho, Amadou. "Senegal Shuts Down Mining Operations in Protected Areas." Inter

Marketing (Water Fans, India)
Industry outlook

The market in India for water fans or misting fans as they are also called is problematical at best. Without doubt, the climate (except in the northern mountains) is hot; the problem is, it is also quite humid. Still, the Indian people have been looking for ways to stay cool for centuries. It was India that gave the world the slatted shutter; when air comes in through small spaces (as in shutters, adopted in the American South before air conditioning, or in lattice-work walls as in parts of India), it is cooled. Still, they did not develop a cooling system like that of that ancient omans, which did use water running through channels to create condensation. The reason, of course, is the problem of water quality. While industrial pollution has now added immeasurably to the water quality problems in India, the sluggish flow of its rivers…...

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References

Establishing New Ventures: Hiring People. (2004) Indiamart Web site. Retrieved December 16, 2004 fromhttp://finance.indiamart.com/

India. (2004) CIA World Factbook. Retrieved December 16, 2004 from  http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/in.html 

India Profile. (2004) U.S. Department of State Web site. Retrieved December 16, 2004 from  http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3454.htm 

Sen, Soumik. (2004) The New Cold War. Rediff Web site, April 24. Retrieved December 16, 2004 from  http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2004/apr/24ac.htm?zcc=ar

Technology and Global Ecosystem
An Analysis of the Implications of Technology and the Global Ecosystem

The 21st century promises to usher in innovations in technology that cannot yet be imagined, and the advancements to date have provided many in the world with unprecedented standards of living. Improved methods of transportation and communication, combined with more leisure time than ever in which to spend it has resulted in many people developing a keen appreciation for technology and what it promises for mankind; an unfortunate concomitant of these innovations in many parts of the world, though, has been an intensive assault on the globe's ecosystem in an effort to bring emerging nations into line with the productivity being experienced in the developed nations of the world. As a result, a debate over whether or not technology threatens the integrity of the global ecosystem has emerged in recent years, and pundits warn that global warming,…...

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Works Cited

Anton, Philip S., James Schneider and Richard Silberglitt. The Global Technology Revolution:

Bio/Nano/Materials Trends and Their Synergies with Information Technology by 2015.

Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 2001.

Bjornerud, Marcia. (1997). "Gaia: Gender and Scientific Representations of the Earth." NWSA

8).
Likewise, the Institute of Agriculture required a quorum of two-thirds of its members for voting purposes and for the balancing of votes according to the size of the budgetary contributions (owett, 1970). While this analysis of these early forms of public international unions is not complete, it does suggest that they were beginning to identify the wide range of interests involved in modern international commerce and what was required to mediate disputes rather than war over them. According to owett (1970), despite the growing body of research into the history and purpose of international public unions, the authorities have not reached a consensus on their classification; however, the constitutional developments and innovations made by the public unions are important considerations for policymakers today because they presaged those made by contemporary inter-governmental organizations (owett, 1970).

In the first instance, the trend towards permanence of association was distinct, no matter whether it…...

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Bibliography

Armstrong, D., L. Lloyd and J. Redmond. 2005. International Organization in World Politics, 3rd ed. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.

Avruch, Kevin, Peter W. Black and Joseph A. Scimecca. Conflict Resolution: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Bar-Siman-Tov, Yaacov. 2004. From Conflict Resolution to Reconciliation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bell, Lynda S., Andrew J. Nathan and Ilan Peleg. 2001. Negotiating Culture and Human Rights. New York: Columbia University Press.

causes of Climate Change?
It is ideal to focus on the primary causes of climate change with the aim of understanding the influence or implication on the growth and development of the planet earth. This paper seeks to unveil the major or primary causes in relation to climate change. This is through evaluation of natural and artificial events/activities with massive implication on climate thus changes in the climatic conditions within the modern society. I have chosen this topic because of its sensitivity to the growth and development of the humanity. Modern society associates itself with constant debates on the concept of global warming. This is a reflection of the significance of the topic of the research with reference to the examination of the primary causes of climate change. It is ideal to understand the primary causes of climate change with the aim of adopting and implementing various critical issues in…...

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Works Cited

"CEH Protects People from Toxic Chemicals and Promotes Business Products and Practices That Are

Safe for Public Health and the Environment." Center for Environmental Health. N.p., n.d.

Web. 01 Mar. 2013.

"How Much Does Human Activity Affect Climate Change? | NCSE." How Much Does Human Activity Affect Climate Change? | NCSE. N.p., 5 Jan. 2012. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.

Cultural Geography
The two countries that I have selected are Nauru and Niger. Nauru is an island in the South Pacific, which formerly had significant phosphate resource but those have now been depleted. There is some limited arable land around the fringe of the island, allowing for minimal crops and coconuts. Fishing is a main source of locally-produced food. There are limited fresh water resources and Nauru is far from any markets (CIA World Factbook, 2015). Niger is an African nation that straddles Saharan and sub-Saharan (Sahel). In Niger, there is 11.79% arable land, which should be enough to support the country's relatively small population. However, there are recurring droughts as desertification extends the Sahara farther into the country. The country is landlocked, so has limited access to markets, and none of its neighborhoods has much wealth either. There are limited water resources in Niger, with nearly 80% of the country…...

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References

CIA World Factbook (2015). Nauru. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved March 31, 2015 from  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nr.html 

CIA World Factbook (2015). Niger. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved March 31, 2015 from  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ng.html 

WNA. (2015). Uranium in Niger. World Nuclear Association. Retrieved March 31, 2015 from  http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-G-N/Niger/

Progress Career Planning Institute
Strategic Analysis

Strategy Formulation

Analysis of Mission & Vision

Vision

Values

Services Portfolio

External Factor Evaluation Matrix

Porter's 5-Forces Analysis

Bargaining Power of Suppliers -- Medium

Bargaining Power of Buyers -- High

Threat of New Entrants - High

Competitive Rivalry -- Medium

Threat of Substitutes -- High

Internal Factors

SOT Matrix

Strengths

eaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

BCG Matrix

Strategy Implementation Draft

Measurable Objectives

Organizational Structure Proposed Objectives

Strategy Justification

Product Positioning Map

Strategy Evaluation

Balanced Score Card Categories

Financial Perspective

Customer Perspective

Internal Perspective

Learning and Growth

Conclusions

orks Cited

Executive Summary

The company being analyzed is known as PCPI, Progress Career Planning Institute which represents an organization that emerged from humble beginning in 1996. It has grown from strength to strength and has the ingredients to go for another 20 years; however, while it may have the ingredients, I am not sure of the current recipe will take it forward and it is reasonable to suspect that many aspects to the organizations strategy will be adjusted as the organization grows. This analysis has worked to explore the current structure of PCPI,…...

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Works Cited

#WelcomeRefugees, 29 January 2017, retrieved on 11 February 2017 from  http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/refugees/welcome/ 

Canada Ontario Job Grants, retrieved on 12 February 2017 from  http://www.pcpi.ca/canada-ontario_job_grant.php 

CGMA. (2013, June 12). Balanced Scorecard. Retrieved from Chartered Global Management Association:  http://www.cgma.org/Resources/Tools/essential-tools/Pages/balanced-scorecard.aspx?TestCookiesEnabled=redirect 

Dartey-Baah, K. (2010). Job Satisfaction and Motivation: Understanding its impact on employee commitment and organisational performance. Academic Leadership (15337812), 8(4), 11.

Sustainability More About Politics Than Science?
The environment is a word which refers to the natural effects around us including the atmosphere, seas and oceans, rocks and mountains, plants, ice formations, human beings, stars and several others. These effects are best left in their natural state because when they get disturbed, they could have serious consequences on the atmosphere, electricity, water, weather, fire and the earth's magnetism. Sadly, this is the situation of things now and these consequences are real. Several problems are facing the environment causing global adverse effects and putting the people in it at risk. This research studies these problems and determines if the scientific and political measures put in place are effective in mitigating them

Environmental issues facing the world

The disturbances in the environment have brought about noticeable changes in climate and high frequencies of natural disasters. Take for example; the problem of global warming is deteriorating…...

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Works cited

Abraham John et al. The Importance of Science in Addressing Climate Change. Climate science. 2011. Print

Scorce Jason. The Role of Government in Environmental Protection. Grist. 2006. Online journal

Burns Steven. Environmental Policy and Political Tends in Public Debate. Natural resources and environment. Vol 23. No. 2. 2008. Print.

Rinkesh. Current Environmental Issues. Conserve energy future. 2017. Online journal.

but, one must wash the towel. The cycle continues and the family member has to choose the way of washing this cloth towel. it's embodied net energy is less than that of the paper towel. Another way of reducing the amount of energy a house expends in the window setup in that house. The larger the windows, the more light that comes into the home, and the less lighting is need to keep the house comfortable. (Steffen)
There are many ways in which humans could quicken -- in a humane way -- reindustrialization from the petroleum based overshoot industrial society of the present to a more diverse, efficient and flourishing society based on energy sources such as solar, wind geothermal, water, resource production, and creativity, as well as on such values as compassion, altruism and fairness.

Rainwater harvesting, a well-known practice in the poor economies of the world, is catching on…...

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In fact, San Francisco now puts $100,000 toward how-to-worshops, rebates and discounts on rainwater catchment tanks. Such efforts, furthermore, help alleviate the mess of storm runoff. Asphalt covered roads, sidewalks and parking lots repel storm water, leading it down storm drains and into creaks instead of into soil -- big flushes of storm water in water treatment systems can force raw sewage into the ocean. Overloaded streams can lead to flooding which damages salmon habitats.

Water catchment tanks may be key to a new, sustainable way of life for families. The California drought is anticipated to be the worst in modern times. Already thousands of acres of crops are fallow, with no sign of slowing. Furthermore, the Northern Sierra snowpack for the winter of 2008 turned out to be 51% lighter than usual. According to the Los Angeles Times, the state is nearly out of water, leaving it with prayers of rain and a dwindling Northern California supply. Los Angeles has already begun allocation of water. (Thill)

Cultures across time and space saw their relationships with nature in a myriad of ways, many of which succeeding so much in their niche as to improve the environments they inhabited. What follows, is a quick look at how other cultures have interacted with nature. There are many examples from South America of indigenous living harmoniously off their landbase. The Kayapo, for example, subsist primarily on the produce of their gardens and managed forests. Their societies, despite their subsistence methods, were discovered to be large and complex and their ceremonies plentiful and rich. One Kayapo family, it was found, in its fifty-year lifetime, may clear just ten hectares of forest. A Kayapo swidden, furthermore, will remain fecund throughout its fallow, and once the land does finally return to canopy forest it will have been enriched by the process. A Kayapo swidden

Title: The Impact of Heavy Rain: Examining the Environmental, Social, and Economic Consequences

I. Introduction
a. Definition of heavy rain and its increasing frequency
b. Thesis statement: Heavy rain has profound environmental, social, and economic consequences, demanding attention and action.

II. Environmental Consequences of Heavy Rain
a. Flooding:
- Causes and characteristics of flooding during heavy rain
- Environmental impacts, including habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity
- Socioeconomic effects, such as damage to infrastructure and displacement of communities
b. Soil Erosion:
- Causes and extent of soil erosion due to heavy rain
- Environmental impacts, including loss of fertile topsoil and....

Deforestation: Impacts, Causes, and Sustainable Solutions

Deforestation, the clearing of forests for other uses, is a global issue with far-reaching environmental, social, and economic consequences. Crafting an essay on this topic requires a comprehensive understanding of the causes, impacts, and potential solutions. This guide provides a roadmap to develop thoughtful and engaging essay topics that explore the multifaceted dimensions of deforestation.

Impacts of Deforestation

1. Climate Change: Forests act as carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Deforestation disrupts this process, releasing stored carbon into the atmosphere and contributing to climate change.
2. Biodiversity Loss: Forests are home to a vast array of....

I. Introduction
A. Definition of deforestation
B. Importance of the topic
C. Thesis statement: Deforestation has numerous detrimental effects on the environment, wildlife, and climate change, making it a crucial issue that requires immediate attention.

II. Causes of Deforestation
A. Agricultural activities
1. Clearing land for farming and livestock
2. Expansion of commercial agriculture
B. Logging and wood industries
C. Urbanization and infrastructure development
D. Forest fires and natural disasters

III. Environmental Consequences of Deforestation
A. Loss of biodiversity
1. Extinction of species
2. Disruption of ecosystems
B. Soil degradation
1. Increased erosion
2. Decreased fertility
C. Alteration of water cycles
1.....

Impacts of Agricultural Practices on Industry Sustainability and Environmental Degradation
Agricultural practices significantly influence industry sustainability and environmental degradation. Their impact manifests through various mechanisms, including:
1. Resource Depletion and Environmental Pollution:
Soil Degradation: Intensive farming practices, such as monoculture and excessive fertilizer use, deplete soil nutrients, leading to erosion and desertification.
Water Scarcity: Irrigation for agriculture accounts for a large share of global water use, contributing to water scarcity in many regions.
Air Pollution: Agricultural activities, such as livestock farming and fertilizer application, release greenhouse gases like methane and nitrous oxide.
Water Pollution: Fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture contaminate surface....