US Healthcare System Healthcare staffing needs are expected to change in the next 10 years. As 78 million Americans are expected to hit retirement age, there will be need for more healthcare staffs who cater for the needs of the elderly or aging population. Garson & Levin (2001) state that changes in the healthcare sector are expected to enhance patient care processes, improved quality of care, and increased efficiency. Modern trends in the health sector shows that healthcare systems will evolve to best leverage a global market for their services through shifting to value-based care and placing emphasis on clinical care plans. The growing share of healthcare dollars in the slow-growing or stagnant economy would generate slow wage growth for the healthcare workforce.
However, smart phones and other technologies are expected to create new jobs in this sector through increasing access to point-of-care tools, enhancing focus on mobile health (mHealth), increasing demand…...

statistics statistics and inferential statistics.
Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are used for different types of designs. For example, correlational studies will utilize descriptive statistics to measure a set of data's central tendency along with the way variables vary and relate to one another. A Pearson r would be a type of descriptive statistics test conducted to evaluate the strength of the relationship or if there relation goes in any one direction but descriptive statistics can also be used in causal-comparative design studies to measure data variability (Statistics for the non-statistician, n.d., p. 70). Inferential statistics on the other hand are used to compare means (typically a t-test is conducted) and statistical significance is determined by whether the p value is > or < than alpha (commonly .05) (Statistics for the non-statistician, n.d., p. 61).

Another way to think of descriptive statistics is that they are "used to synthesize and describe…...

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References

Dormann, C. et al. (2012). Collinearity: a review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance. Ecography, 35: 1-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07348.x Retrieved from  http://www.biom.uni-freiburg.de/Dateien/PDF/dormann2012ecography_proofcorrections.pdf 

Junco, R., Elavsky, M., Heibegger, G. (2012). Putting twitter to the test: Assessing outcomes for student collaboration, engagement and success. British Journal of Educational Technology. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01284.x Retrieved from http://blog.reyjunco.com/pdf/Juncoelavskyheibergertwittercollaboration.pdf

There are also ethical issues pertaining to the observational method that will be discussed later in this paper.
Experience surveys are widely used throughout qualitative research studies, due to their focus on bringing greater insights into the study through the interviewing of experts in chosen fields. There is also a strong focus on how to gain insights of experts in the future definition of the methodology being created, and how the research objectives can be more effectively accomplished as well. Experience surveys also are often used in the first stages of a research project. Another qualitative research technique, the case study, takes the concept of gaining insight and applies it to an organization and its dynamics. A case study seeks to define and complete a thorough analysis of one or more specific circumstances within institution of interest. The goal of case studies is to measure the relationships, inter-dependencies and cause-and-effect…...

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References

IIT (2007). Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT). The Delphi Method. Definition and Historical Background. Accessed from the Internet on June 22, 2007:

 http://www.iit.edu/~it/delphi.html 

Joppe (2007) - Research Process Tutorial on Dr. Marion Joppes' website regarding exploratory research fundamentals:

Accessed from the Internet on June 22, 2007 from location:

This makes the response more concrete and increases the ability to be reliable and valid. It must always be remembered that an operational definition is a matter of degree; there is an infinite factors that can be considered. The goal is not to have a completely concrete definition, but rather one that can be replicated by another researcher. The more information that is found the less subjectivity and possible bias. There is more information gained on the reason for enjoyment, for example, as noted above with "I enjoy my work," and "I find satisfaction in my work because I can demonstrate my best abilities to others." a) the researcher's assumption is not valid. The person could be ordering the magazine for a variety of reasons, such as wanting to buy a car or looking for the most cost-efficient green products. The purpose of validity is to know that you…...

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However, there are two difficulties with the word "attitude." First, the word attitude is not definitive, such as a number. It can be and has been defined in different ways. For example,

Jung defined attitude as a "readiness of the psyche to act or react in a certain way" (Jung, 1921). The other problem is that researchers use a wide variety of tools to measure attitude, so that it is difficult to compare oranges to oranges. This lessens the ability for reliability and validity. As Kulp (1935) states, "That there is chaos in the field of attitude testing is all too apparent. It is, therefore, a most important problem at present to define and standardize the use of such terms as attitude, opinion, belief, judgment, and fact. When examining the content of the tests in the field, one is amazed at the conglomeration of items."

2) Rating and ranking. Which is better? A ranking question lets respondents to a questionnaire put items on a list in order of personal preference by choosing a numeric value for each response. Each of the numeric values cannot be used more than one time. For example, the survey may ask respondents to rank several movies in order from 1 to 5. Instead, when asked for a rating scale matrix, the questionnaire respondent selects the ratings for a number of different aspects of a specific issue. The question and rating scale appears

Statistics in the Hospital Setting
During the course of performing my professional duties at College Hospital, which is a psychiatric facility located in Cerritos, California, I encounter patients who are struggling to maintain some semblance of a normal life despite struggling with one or more mental illnesses or psychological impairments. College Hospital is a 187-bed, free-standing psychiatric care unit which is accredited by The Joint Commission and licensed by the California Department of Health Services, and part of my job is assist in providing a wide range of psychiatric services for a wide range of patient demographics. As the leader in Partial Hospitalization Programs throughout the greater Los Angeles and Orange County metropolitan areas, College Hospital relies on the accurate and efficient use of statistics to ensure positive patient outcomes.

An Example of Descriptive Statistics Used in My Workplace:

While working at College Hospital the use of descriptive statistics has become an…...

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References:

Costea, G., Gheorghiu, V., Buda, O., Popescu, I., & Trandafir, M.S. (2011). Statistical

Association Criteria in Forensic Psychiatry -- A criminological evaluation of casuistry. Journal of medicine and life, 4(1), 21.

Nielsen, J., Graff, C., Kanters, J.K., Toft, E., Taylor, D., & Meyer, J.M. (2011). Assessing QT

interval prolongation and its associated risks with antipsychotics. CNS drugs, 25(6), 473-

Career ConnectionTanner (2016) defines statistical analysis as the process of collecting quantitative data for analysis of the whole through examining a part. Statistical analysis play an important role in quantitative researches or studies as it provides a suitable and effective framework for analyzing quantitative data. Given its role in analysis of quantitative data, statistical analysis is applied in various disciplines or fields of study. It is beneficial to field-independent learners and researchers as it enhances their analytical thinking when conducting a study. In addition, this analytical approach is beneficial for students in various fields of study including behavioral and social sciences. This paper discusses how statistical analysis can be used in the field of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing and discusses how statistical analysis has been applied in a sample study in this field to present information that answers a research question.Statistical Analysis in Psychiatric Mental Health NursingPsychiatric Mental Health Nursing is…...

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ReferencesJoubert, P.D. & Bhagwan, R. (2018). An Empirical Study of the Challenging Roles of Psychiatric Nurses at In-patient Psychiatric Facilities and its Implications for Nursing Education. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 9, 49-56.Tanner, D. (2016). Statistics for the behavioral & social sciences (2nd ed.). Retrieved from  https://content.ashford.edu

Statistic Data From Department of Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, National Institute of Health
ADULTS

Every second person in Armenia, irrespective of sex, is a smoker. Only 15% of the population have never smoked before WOMEN and SMOKING

53,6% smoked some time in the past

39,6% smoke

Chart indicates % of women smoke... cigarettes per day

Chart indicates that in Armenia among the smoking women the percentage of women with higher education is significantly more than those having secondary education.

Qui Hing

Tobacco and Teenagers

In Armenia about half of the smokers start smoking reaching the age of 18, 36,6% of teenagers are smoke

Number of cigarettes per day

Boys and girls

Boys and young men in Armenia start smoking much sooner than girls, more than a half of a yang men start doing it before reaching the age of 18. Absolute majority of girls in Armenia start smoking after the age of

Reasons for smoking:

Age of smoking initiation:

smoking friends under 14-35,8% no reason…...

Being able to express statistical results in ways non-statisticians can understand, and explaining those results correctly in language that does not mislead or confuse is becoming a lost art, if the popular media are any indication. Entrepreneurs will use these visual display techniques to increase productivity, notice patterns that may go unrecognized in tabular or numerical reporting, and communicate results quickly without requiring extensive and subjective verbal explanation.
Inferential statistics will become increasingly useful even before graduating college, if peer-reviewed studies in consumer psychology, economics and marketing become more rather than less proportional in coursework on the way through graduate school. Some of the coursework I read for other classes contains statistical procedures I am unfamiliar with even after this course, and thus learning more statistics should explain a significant improvement in grades in my other classes, hopefully with a strong (? = .001) effect size! Knowing how likely flaws…...

Assessing descriptive statistics in the form of raw data is often a critical component of primary research when constructing an experiment, where the experimenter then can have control over the various variables affecting the specific phenomena that is being studied. the, in the actual experiment, the tendency of other information to influence statistical results can be restricted or taken into consideration, and a control, or unaffected group can be included to see what the population resembles without the experimental variable. Descriptive statistics, in short, can be useful, but many variables can affect their results, so they cannot always be relied upon.
In contrast, "inferential statistics are used to help psychologists draw inferences, or conclusions, from the data obtained from their research" ("Statistics in psychology," 2008, Encyclopedia of Psychology). For example, inferential statistics are collected when researchers test if watching a particularly violent film makes a group of subjects more apt…...

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Works Cited

Research: The scientific method. (2008). SIEM HI Research Retrieved 15 Oct 2008 at  http://islands.unep.ch/siemh1.htm 

The Milgram Experiment. (2008). New Life. Retrieved 15 Oct 2008 at http://www.new-life.net/milgram.htm

Statistics in psychology. (2008). Encyclopedia of Psychology. FindArticles.com.

15 Oct. 2008.  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0003/ai_2699000331

Online Statistics Part 1
Probability theory is an aspect that is applicable on an everyday basis. A particular situation in which I may use probability theory to reach a decision in public management is to investigate equal employment prospects within the organization. For instance, there is a need to assess whether the organization hires women in the same manner as men, especially in positions that do not necessitate certain gender traits. Therefore, in this case, probability theory can be beneficial in probability theory, specifically Bernoulli process. That is, a process can either generate two possible outcomes, which are male or female. Probability plays a pivotal part in this regard because the probability of a certain results is the proportion of times that outcome would take place in a long and extensive run of repeated observations. In this instance if men and women are equally represented in the labor force, then the probability…...

Therefore to form a basis of good decision making business people should be able to understand how statistics can be applied in the description of markets, advertising development, price setting and how they can best respond to the consumer demands that are often changing (Petryni, 2010).
Statistics can be used in various situations within a business for instances; incase a business wants to venture into new markets statistics can be used to inform the business decisions in the definition of target consumers. The statistical analysis of the trends of consumers, purchasing powers and preferences can be useful in making decisions before venturing into a particular business.

Another situation can be where decisions on the branding and advertising products or services the statistical analysis may aid in the definition of the consumers who are targeted, provide information about the industry one wants to venture in and description of the buying trends. This…...

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References

Petryni, M. (2010). How Is Statistical Research Used in Business Decisions? Retrieved January 17, 2013 from http://www.ehow.com/info_8000423_statistical-research-used-business-decisions.html

Calkins, K, .G. (2005).Applied Statistics. Retrieved January 17, 2013 from  http://www.andrews.edu/~calkins/math/edrm611/edrm01.htm

NFL Team With Sports radar for Location-Based Statistics in 2015
This article discusses how the NFL will unveil a more expansive statistics package this season. This package will include location-based data such as speed, acceleration and distance traveled for each play. Statistics are core to the fan experience and the NFL is looking to capitalize on the trend.

The statistical analysis used by Sports radar will rely on regression analysis to provide player statistics. Through this regression Sports radar will prepare weekly histograms designed to showcase the top quarter of players in regards to acceleration, speed, and yardage.

The Very Stark Numbers on Young Black Men and Gun Violence

This article focuses on a statistically analysis conducted by the Pew Research Center regarding race in America. The article articulates the disparate lives between blacks and whites in America. The article explains how a young black man is fives more likely to be killed by…...

You can include a table to show the comparison if you want to. Do not be concerned with the small number used in each group in the study.
TO: National Kidney Foundation, Board of Directors

FROM: Jon Doe, Staff Statistician

DATE: June 23, 2013

SUBJECT: Future Research Funding Recommendations

Upon examination of the data submitted by the two research groups using a graphical view (see below), it became obvious that Group I could have an outlier. Using the maximum value Grubbs test, it was determined that this value was indeed an outlier and was excluded from the data prior to further statistical analysis.

Once the outlier was removed from the data it became clear that mean of the Group II data (11) was higher than the mean of the Group I data (see table below), suggesting better results with the Group II treatment; however, the magnitude of the standard deviations indicated the possibility that the…...

The writer asserts that an ensuring study incororating a number of factors, external to team members deliberate contributions, may roffer additional insight to further enhance knowledge about rugby alications for coaches to consider with their ractices.
Study II

In the case study, "Effects of consecutive basketball games on the game-related statistics that discriminate winner and losing teams," Sergio-Jose Ibanez, Javier Garcia, and Sebastian Feu, all with the University of Extremadura, and Alberto Lorenzo, Technical University of Madrid, with Jaime Samaio (2009), University of Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro at Vila Real, analyzed data they obtained from the Sanish Basketball Federation; including games layed during the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 seasons in the Under20 league. Ibanez, Garcia Feu, Lorenzo and Samaio used the observational method to conduct their study which analyzed a total of 223 games with the following variables, "selected according to the FIBA (International Basketball Federation) normative for game analysis" (Ibid., Samle…...

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players somatic characteristics, taller and stronger players secure more rebounds;

technical and tactical preparation, pivoting, blocking, anticipation, securing and pulling the ball away, and, muscular fitness, particularly in stretch-shortening-cycle jumping performances.

The writer perceives the quality of the research invested into the second study to reflect the researcher's dedication to some details, which contributed their development of a somewhat detailed study that continues to leave unanswered questions regarding "the game-related statistics that discriminate winner and losing teams" (Ibanez, Garcia Feu, Lorenzo, & Sampaio, 2009, Title excerpt). The study left the writer wanting to

Organizational Dynamics
L. Jones

In my job as a Health Readiness Coordinator, I am required to exercise a high level of skill in communication, leadership, organization, as well as basic statistical analysis. In specific, I have found the following principles of group and organizational dynamics, leadership styles, and basic statistics to be invaluable.

One of the first ways in which a Health Readiness Coordinator begins his or her relationship with a client is by helping them to make relevant decisions. Of course, the best way to begin this process is by utilizing a "break down" method that separates the decision into defined components. Specifically, these include defining the problem, collecting the relevant data on all possible choices, evaluating present alternatives, and finally, making an informed decision (Amos, 2004). Additionally, I have also found it useful to add a final reflection step in which I evaluate the success of the decision, and learn from…...

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Bibliography

Amos Web. (2004). Decision Making Process. Web page. Retrieved on August 16, 2004, from, http://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/gls.pl?fcd=dsp&key=decision+making+process

ASC. The Animated Software Company. (2004). Internet Glossary of Statistical Terms: Population. Web site. Retrieved on August 16, 2004, from, http://www.animatedsoftware.com/statglos/sgpopula.htm

Blair, Gerard. (1997). Leadership Styles. Web Page. Retrieved on August 16, 2004, from, http://www.see.ed.ac.uk/~gerard/MENG/ME96/

Bresnahan. The Bresnahan Group. (2004). Talk is Cheap. Listening is Priceless. Web site. Retrieved on August 16, 2004, from,  http://www.bresnahangroup.com/articles/talkcheap.htm

Research Proposal: Understanding the Influence of Extracurricular Activities on Students' Personal Development and School Engagement

Introduction

Extracurricular activities (ECAs) play a significant role in the lives of students, shaping their personal development and enhancing their school engagement. While research has examined the benefits of ECAs, there is a need for a more comprehensive understanding of their specific influence on students' personal and academic growth. This research proposal aims to investigate the relationship between ECAs and students' personal development and school engagement.

Research Questions

This study will seek to answer the following research questions:

How do ECAs contribute to students' personal development, including their self-esteem,....

Sure, here is an example of the methodology section for a research proposal on exploring the factors influencing student dropout rates:

Methodology:

1. Study Design:
This research will employ a quantitative research design to explore the factors influencing student dropout rates. A survey will be conducted to gather data from a sample of students who have dropped out of school. The survey will include questions about demographics, academic performance, social factors, and reasons for dropping out.

2. Sampling:
The target population for this study will be students who have dropped out of school within the past academic year. A convenience sample of 200 students will....

Health Record Utilization in Research and Data Analysis

Health records, traditionally used for patient care, can be a valuable asset for research and data analysis. Their comprehensive and longitudinal nature provides insights into health trends, treatment patterns, and patient outcomes.

Research Applications of Health Records

- Clinical Research: Studying the effectiveness of new treatments, comparing different medications, and identifying risk factors for diseases.
- Epidemiological Studies: Investigating the spread and distribution of diseases, monitoring health trends, and identifying at-risk populations.
- Health Outcomes Research: Evaluating the impact of healthcare interventions and policies on patient health and well-being.
- Big Data Analysis: Aggregating and analyzing health records....

Literature Review:
1. Gil-Flores, Javier., Rodríguez-Santero, Javier., & Gordillo, J. (2017)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that contribute to the use of ICT in secondary-education classrooms, focusing on teacher characteristics and school infrastructure. The sample consisted of 624 secondary school teachers in Spain, and the sampling technique used was convenience sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews. The method of data analysis involved descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The major findings of the study revealed that teacher characteristics, such as age and experience, and school infrastructure, such as availability of devices and internet access, significantly influenced....