In 2002, "President Bush signed into law the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, which, among other things, eliminated the need to convene an advisory committee to amend the list of diseases" listed as quarantineable (Misrahi, Foster, Shaw, & Cetron 2004).
This law became significant during the SARS scare. Before 2002 "the list of federal quarantinable diseases in the United States had not been revised since 1983. It included cholera, diphtheria, infectious tuberculosis, plague, smallpox, yellow fever, and viral hemorrhagic fevers such as Marburg, Ebola, and Congo-Crimean" fevers (Misrahi, Foster, Shaw, & Cetron 2004). The CDC was able to quickly ad SARS to the list. In the past, the CDC "generally deferred to state and local health authorities...to restrict the movement of persons within their boundaries" with such diseases (Misrahi, Foster, Shaw, & Cetron 2004). Its greater legislative ability to move quickly in classifying the…...
mlaWorks Cited
Definition of HHS. (2008). Medicine Net. Retrieved January 2, 2009 at http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10710
DeNoon, Daniel. (2008). Controversy over new 'conscience' rule. Medicine Net.
Retrieved January 2, 2009 at http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=95180
Dowshen, Steven. (2008, August). CDC: Measles outbreaks may be tied to parents' choice not to vaccinate. The Children's Hospital. Retrieved January 2, 2009 at http://www.thechildrenshospital.org/wellness/info/news/62622.aspx
However, many patients suffering with chronic renal disease do not explore this option.
4-6: Increase the proportion of patients with treated chronic kidney failure who receive a transplant within 3 years of registration on the waiting list. Again renal transplantation can improve overall quality of life for patients struggling with this condition.
4-7: educe kidney failure due to diabetes: Type II diabetes is a significant contributor to chronic kidney disease. educing and preventing diabetes can effectively reduce the number of cases of chronic renal failure.
4-8: Increase the proportion of persons with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and proteinuria who receive recommended medical therapy to reduce progression to chronic renal insufficiency. This measure would help improve health outcomes for the patient and reduce the overall impact of the disease on the general population.
elevance of the Objectives and Desired Outcomes
The objective outlined as the principle focus of improving health in this area…...
mlaReferences
Chronic Kidney Disease, Midcourse Review. (2006). Department of Health and Human Services. Accessed November 11, 2007 at
U.. Department of Health and Human ervices' Healthy People 2010 a success or a failure? upport your answer by discussing whether or not it accomplished the stated goals and objectives for Americans in the U.. Identify the critical issues, challenges or problems
Department of Health and Human ervices' Healthy People 2010 provides a health promotion and health prevention service for improving the health of all Americans in the 21st century.
Department of Health and Human services actually has 467 specific goals but its two overarching objectives can actually be defined as: increasing the quality and years of healthy life and eliminating health disparities.
The first goal is measured by measuring life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Up to the present moment, the U.. Department seems to be meeting this goal -- or making great strides in meeting it -- in that there seems to be increasing improvement in life expectancy. The quality…...
mlaSources
Healthy People 2020
Healthy People. gov http://www.healthypeople.gov ,
US Department of Health and Human Services
The State Division of HIV/STD works with local health districts to provide Chlamydia screening to all adolescents receiving pelvic examinations at STD clinics, at family planning clinics or at prenatal clinics. Although the VDH does strive to test the male partners of infected females, the emphasis of the program is obviously slanted to screening and treating females. Women and girls in general are also more likely to seek medical care, for all ailments. The Division of HIV/STD of the VHS provides educators the resources "to counsel selected high-risk teens and locate contacts for treatment. This Division also collects and disseminates aggregate data on all reportable STDs in Virginia," although again this may, because of its focus on public health clinics, disproportionately emphasize low-income youth (Adolescent, 2009, VHD). "The Division also funds HIV prevention programs targeting youth. Programs include prevention education for at-risk communities and populations and 19 projects to reach…...
mlaReferences
Adolescent services. (2009, May 28). The Virginia Department of Health. Retrieved January 27,
2010 at http://www.vahealth.org/adolescenthealth/services.htm
Mission, role, priorities, and function. (2008, July 16). The Virginia Department of Health.
Retrieved January 27, 2010 at http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/Administration/BOH/mission.htm
Those efforts are in conjunction and coordination with those of federal agencies and authorities. The agencies within the states most affected by the problem are also involved in the process. They have been engaged in evaluating the extent of the hazards to human health caused by the corrosion of copper and other metals in homes attributable to the Chinese drywall. The goal of the combined initiative is to help individuals harmed by the materials used in the construction of their homes obtain fixes paid for by the sellers and manufacturers of their homes as well as appropriate monetary awards for damages.
Some of the agencies involved in the process include the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), and the health agencies of the affected states. Some of the approaches used to assess the…...
Intervention, Division of Department of Health Mental Hygiene to implement NYEIS
New York Early Intervention System (NYEIS)
The topic is the NYEIS and its subsequent elimination of rank & file employee positions as the automation of the system forces economic displacement in the form of > capital, < labor. The NYEIS, according to the New York State Department of Health, is "a centralized, Web-based, state-of-the-art system that electronically manages Early Intervention Program (EIP) administrative tasks and provides for information exchanges." (NYSDOH-NYEIS, 2011)
The expectation is there will be turnover i.e. attrition due to the nature of the new system and its ability to streamline operations and reduce excess waste. The excess waste in this case, is the administrative waste or bureaucratic processes, which are eliminated from the processes chain. The elimination of the basic function within the data entry position is the expected route when engaging a new technological system.
Businesses tend to…...
mlaReferences
EBRD Retrenchment Guidance. Retrenchment and restructuring -- labour and community issues, a brief guide (2010) http://www.ebrd.com/downloads/about/sustainability/retrenchment.pdf
McNamara C. Basic Guidelines for Reorganizing a Current Organization. (2011) http://managementhelp.org/orgnzing/basics.htm
New York State Department of Health. Implementation Status. (2011)
Technological Solutions for the NY Department of Health
Instructions: Introduction
The (New York) NY Department of Health is one of the public organizations under the New York government dedicating in delivering high quality healthcare for the NY residents. Before 2007, the health department used the manual method to process patents' records, which was not only prone to medical errors, the manual method was also time consuming leading to high cost of operations. In 2007, the NY department of health introduced a new information technology to enhance quality health care delivery and reduce the cost of operations.
The objective of this paper explore the new IT tools introduced by the NY health department.
Description of NY department of Health
Increasing competitions among non-profit organizations and continuous demand for the innovative services have made large numbers of governments and nonprofit organizations to consider integrating the innovative technology to deliver quality services to their stakeholders. In essence, IT…...
mlaReference
Eskridge, R. D., French, P. E., & McThomas, M. (2012). The international city/county management association code of ethics. Public Integrity, 14(2), 127-150.
Merrill, J. A., Deegan, M., Wilson, R. V., Kaushal, R. et al. (2013). A system dynamics evaluation model: implementation of health information exchange for public health reporting . Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association?: JAMIA, 20(e1), e131 -- e138.
NY Department of Health State (2009). HIE Cooperative Agreement Program Strategic Plan. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology.
Sehga, S. (2015) Final State Budget Funds Statewide Health Information Network of New York. The New York eHealth Collaborative (NYeC).
While it may not be just to hold an organization liable, absolutely, for every instance of employee negligence, there is a rationale for imposing such liability in many cases. For example, many types of industries entail potential danger to others that are inherent to the industry.
Individual workers are not likely to be capable of compensating victims of their negligence, but the employer benefits and profits financially by engaging in the particular industry. Therefore, the employer should not necessarily escape liability for compensating all harm caused by their activities, regardless of fault in particular instances.
10.A nurse is responsible for making an inquiry if there is uncertainty about the accuracy of a physician's medication order in a patient's record. Explain the process a nurse should use to evaluate whether or not to make an inquiry into the accuracy of the physician's medication order.
Like other highly trained professionals, experienced nurses develop a…...
mlaReferences
Abrams, N., Buckner, M.D. (1989) Medical Ethics: A Clinical Textbook and Reference for the Health Care Professionals. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
Caplan, a.L., Engelhardt, H.T., McCartney, J.J. Eds. (1981) Concepts of Health and Disease: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
Starr, P. (1984) the Social Transformation of American Medicine.
New York: Basic Books
097
United States
0.109
0.093808
0.036112
0.068
Utah
0.1071
0.1401
0.035696
0.073
Vermont
0.1326
0.0988
0.040851
0.114
Virgin Islands
NA
NA
NA
Virginia
0.1048
0.0829
0.080009
0.092
Washington
0.1229
0.0669
0.027831
0.068
West Virginia
0.1293
0.0774
0.036499
0.055
Wisconsin
0.0954
0.0357
0.032367
0.097
Wyoming
0.1251
0.1453
0.053867
0.075
Notes
All spending includes state and federal expenditures. Growth figures reflect increases in benefit payments and disproportionate share hospital payments; growth figures do not include administrative costs, accounting adjustments, or costs for the U.S. Territories.
Definitions
Federal Fiscal Year: Unless otherwise noted, years preceded by "FY" on statehealthfacts.org refer to the Federal Fiscal Year, which runs from October 1 through September 30. for example, FY 2009 refers to the period from October 1, 2008 through September 30, 2009.
Sources
Urban Institute estimates based on data from CMS (Form 64) (as of 12/21/11).
From this entire chart, the entire increase in expenditure of Medicare was the most from the year 1990-2001. For United States, the entire increase was 10.9% in those years. Comparatively, the increase that occurred in the year 2007-2010 was only 6.8%. Even though the magnitude of growth was not the same, more or less Medicaid did have to increase its spending…...
mlaReferences
Clark, Cheryl et al. "State Medicaid Eligibility and Care Delayed Because of Cost." New England Journal of Medicine, 368 (2013): 1263-1265. Print.
Ellwood, Marilyn Rymer et al. An Exploratory Analysis of the Medicaid Expenditures of Substance Exposed Children Under 2 Years of Age in California. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1993. Print.
Goodnough, Abby. "October 25th." The New York Times. 25th October. 2012. Web. 29th March 2013. [ http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/26/us/spending-on-medicaid-has-slowed-survey-finds.html?_r=0 ].
Grannemann, Thomas W. And Mark V Pauly. Controlling Medicaid Costs: Federalism, Competition, and Choice. Washington DC: American Enterprise Institute, 1983. Print.
Health Care Reimbursement and Billing
Both Mrs. Zwick and Mr. Davis face significant issues in the presented scenarios. Mrs. Zwick has multiple considerations under Medicare Parts A, B and D, in addition to her hospital-acquired urinary tract infection. Meanwhile, Mr. Davis must address the severe time constraints and costs of COBRA in light of his job termination. These two scenarios underscore current difficulties and complexities of current health care in the United States.
Discussion of Mrs. Zwick's coverage under Medicare Parts A, B and C
Medicare Part A (often called "hospital insurance") (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011, p. 15) assists in covering inpatient hospitalization and skilled nursing facilities, hospice and home health care (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011, p. 14). There is usually no monthly premium if you and/or your spouse paid Medicare taxes while employed (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011, p. 28). However,…...
mlaEthical implications of Mrs. Zwick's incurring costs related to her hospital-acquired condition are applicable despite the rehabilitation facility's exemption from POA/HAC Medicare laws. Having no first-hand knowledge of the cause of the urinary tract infection, no clear indication that I work at the rehabilitation facility and neither the privilege nor the duty of diagnosis, it would be unethical for me to tell Mrs. Zwick about my suspicions. Rather, a nurse is required to maintain his/her professional boundaries (American Nurses Association, 2001, p. 6). Simultaneously, a nurse is supposed to assure "responsible disclosure of errors" to patients and act to stop bad practices and promote best practices (American Nurses Association, 2001, p. 6). Consequently, a nurse in my position faces a dilemma: lack of personal knowledge and authority vs. my concern for the patient's well-being and constant improvement of the profession. In the face of this dilemma, I would: contact the rehabilitation facility's newly-hired nurse and advise/remind him/her of the duty to report to the appropriate supervisor and responsible disclosure to Mrs. Zwick; contact Mrs. Zwick's personal physician and explain the entire situation; direct Mrs. Zwick to discuss her health issues with her personal physician, who can review, diagnose and discuss the ramifications of her medical records, including but not limited to the urinary tract infection (American Nurses Association, 2001, p. 7). The desired outcomes would be: the rehabilitation center's absorption of Mrs. Zwick's costs related to her hospital-acquired infection through pressure exerted by its own nursing staff and Mrs. Zwick's personal physician; Mrs. Zwick's awareness of the true cause of her infection by health care providers who are directly responsible and capable.
Explain how the COBRA will allow Mr. Davis to continue his insurance coverage while he is out of work.
Due to Mr. Davis' termination from an employer of more than 20 employees, he can obtain coverage for himself, his spouse and his dependent children for up to 18 months (U.S. Department of Labor, 2012). In addition, due to his chronic cycle cell anemia, he may be entitled to an additional 11 months' extension for disability (U.S. Department of Labor, 2012). His employer is required to give a qualifying event notice to COBRA; then, COBRA sends a notice of the right to elect to continue coverage and an explanation of the steps that must be taken to continue coverage; Mr. Davis, his spouse and either or both of them in behalf of dependent children may elect for continuation of coverage
ichard Mitchell and Professor Daniel Dorling from the University of Leeds and Dr. Mary Shaw from the University of Bristol on the parliamentary constituencies of Britain revealed a number of social policy scenarios. The study traced the impact of the variations to society that might be brought through the effective execution of three social and economic policies. Firstly, they examined the efficacy of the policy of modest redistribution of wealth to counteract the health inequalities. During the decades 1980s and 1990s there were a considerable variation in the wealth possessions of rich and poor reflected in the major variations in their health enumerated by mortality rates. The study revealed that by returning to the inequalities in wealth of 1983 about 7500 deaths annually could have been prevented. (educing health inequalities in Britain)
The study assessed the impact of such policy to be most effective in the Birmingham Ladywood constituency in…...
mlaReferences
Health inequalities kill thousands" (27 September, 1999) Retrieved at Accessed 3 September, 2005http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/456807.stm .
Introduction to health inequalities" Retrieved at Accessed 3 September, 2005http://www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HealthAndSocialCareTopics/HealthInequalities/HealthInequalitiesGeneralInformation/HealthInequalitiesGeneralArticle/fs/en-CONTENT_ID=4079644&chk=8WiiZg.
Link BG; Phelan JC. (May, 2005) "Fundamental Sources of Health Inequalities" Policy
Challenges in Modern Health Care. pp: 71-84. Retrieved at Accessed 4 September, 2005http://www.rwjf.org/research/researchdetail.jsp?id=1944&ia=141 .
Healthcare Quality Management
PDCA Modeling in Healthcare
Psychiatric emergencies in medical settings may be particularly challenging since the staff does not encounter them frequently and may not have experience dealing with behavioral crisis intervention. The purpose of this exercise is to help staff improve understanding and coping with nonmedical emergencies that occur in medical settings using the PDCA cycle.
X is a 41-year-old male admitted to a medical unit with a diagnosis of possible stroke. The patient is ambulatory, 5'10," and 350 lbs. Mr. X presented to the emergency department the day before after apparently losing consciousness at home. The initial CAT scan of his head was negative. It is suspected that Mr. X may be an IV drug user since his urine toxicology screening came back positive for opiates. The medical staff thinks that Mr. X had a seizure prior to admission, but he has shown no abnormal signs or symptoms within…...
mlaWorks Cited
Bennet, L., & Slavin, L. (2009, April 3). What Every Health Care Manager Needs to Know. Retrieved from Continous Quality Improvement: http://www.cwru.edu/med/epidbio/mphp439/CQI.htm
i Six Sigma. (N.d.). Focus - PDCA. Retrieved from I Six Sigma: http://www.isixsigma.com/dictionary/focus-pdca/
Pestka, E., Hatterberg, D., Larson, L., Zwygart, L., Cox, A., & Cox, D. (2012). Enhancing Safety in Behavioral Emergency Situations. Medsurg Nursing, 335-341.
Healthcare Case Study Schuylkill County, PA
County Overview - Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania is located in the heart of the anthracite Coal region of Pennsylvania where the Schuylkill iver originates. Pottsville is the county seat, and the county showed a population of just under 150,000 as of 2010 with a density of 190 persons per square mile. The total area of the county is 782 square miles, almost all land, less than 1/2 a per cent water. The county's history, likely due to large coal deposits, focused on the railroad and industrialization (Schuylkill Chamber of Commerce, 2011).
The county experienced the high point of its population during the 1920s and 1930s, and has been losing people ever since, most between 1950 and 1970, with about a 1-2% population loss since the turn of the century. This is likely due to the lack of appropriate jobs and opportunities within the county. Schuylkill County is…...
mlaREFERENCES
County Health Statistics - Healthcare 2010. (2009, March). Retrieved from Pennsylvania Department of Health: http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt-in_hi_groupoperator_1=or&in_hi_req_objtype=18&in_hi_req_objtype=17&in_hi_req_objtype=512&in_hi_req_objtype=514&in_hi_req_objtype=43&in_hi_req_objtype=1&in_hi_req_apps=7&in_hi_req_page=10&in_ra_topoperator=or&
Comprehensive Plan. (2010, March). Retrieved from City of Pottsville, PA: http://www.city.pottsville.pa.us/html/cp1.htm
Election Statistics. (2010, June). Retrieved from Pennsylvania Department of State: http://www.dos.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/running_for_office/12704
Schuylkill County. (2010, June). Retrieved from Sperling's Best Places USA: http://www.bestplaces.net/economy/county/pennsylvania/schuylkill
On the contrary, a comprehensive medical care solution that tackles the main issues driving up health care costs in America is possible. The main problem experienced by the average American is that health insurance premiums are cost prohibitive for the middle-class, but being uninsured can bankrupt a family forced to deal with even a minor catastrophic illness. Therefore, a national health insurance program has to be part of the solution. However, one cannot overlook the role that unpaid medical bills and exorbitant malpractice premiums also play in the modern healthcare crises. As a result, the solution must include a way to reduce malpractice premiums through tort reform, and a way to reduce the percentage of medical bills that go unpaid. The proposed three-prong approach would tackle all of those issues, without forcing any unwilling person to participate in a nationalized healthcare program.
orks Cited
American Tort Reform Association. "Medical Liability Reform."…...
mlaWorks Cited
American Tort Reform Association. "Medical Liability Reform." ATRA Issues. 2007.
American Tort Reform Association. 6 Nov. 2008 http://www.atra.org/show/7338.
Kershaw-Staley, Tracy. "Miami Valley Hospital Files Lawsuit Over Unpaid Medical Bills."
Dayton Business Journal. 2008. Dayton Business Journal. 6 Nov. 2008 http://dayton.bizjournals.com/dayton/stories/2008/01/07/story5.html .
Healthcare Partnership in the Community
Discuss an example of healthcare partnership in your community and specifically cite examples that show how nurses, both individually and collectively, influenced the care provided. What obstacles were confronted and what strategies were employed in order to effectively overcome them.
One community healthcare partnership that is salient in my mind is Texas Department of State Health Services' program on tuberculosis or TB. This group of projects is specifically handled by the Office of Border Health, specifically because communicable diseases transmitted over the Texas-Mexico border will inadvertently affect the state of community health of both countries (i.e., the U.S. And Mexico). Under the program, two projects have been successful and known for its accomplishment in helping decrease TB prevalence in communities near the Texas-Mexico border: Proyecto Juntos and TBNet.
Proyecto Juntos specifically centers on "bilateral TB control," centering its efforts to curbing TB prevalence by monitoring the health of…...
mlaReferences
Texas Department of Health Services, Office of Border Health. Available at: http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/borderhealth/
Texas Organization of Nurse Executives. Available at: http://www.texasnurse.org/
HIPAA rules protect patients' privacy and confidentiality in the healthcare system in several ways:
1. Limiting access to patient information: HIPAA requires healthcare providers to only share patient information with individuals who have a legitimate need to know, such as the patient's healthcare providers and other authorized individuals.
2. Obtaining patient consent: Healthcare providers must obtain written consent from patients before sharing their medical information with third parties, except in certain situations where disclosure is required by law.
3. Secure transmission of patient information: HIPAA mandates that healthcare providers use secure methods for transmitting patient information, such as encrypting patient data during electronic....
HIPAA Rules: Safeguarding Patient Privacy and Confidentiality in Healthcare
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 is a landmark legislation that establishes comprehensive rules and regulations to protect the privacy and confidentiality of patient health information. These rules guide healthcare providers, health plans, and other covered entities in handling and safeguarding sensitive patient data within the healthcare system.
HIPAA's privacy and confidentiality provisions fall under the following two major rules:
Privacy Rule:
The Privacy Rule focuses on protecting the privacy of patients' health information used or disclosed for non-treatment and non-payment purposes. This includes:
Individual Rights: Patients have the right to....
HIPAA's Comprehensive Approach to Patient Confidentiality
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), enacted in 1996, serves as the cornerstone for protecting the confidentiality of patients' protected health information (PHI). HIPAA establishes a comprehensive framework that encompasses robust administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to ensure the privacy and security of PHI.
Administrative Safeguards
Privacy Officer: HIPAA mandates the appointment of a dedicated Privacy Officer responsible for implementing and monitoring the organization's privacy policies and procedures.
Risk Assessment: Organizations must conduct periodic risk assessments to identify and mitigate potential threats to PHI confidentiality.
Written Privacy Policies: Clear and comprehensive privacy policies must....
Drivers of Out-of-Area Placements for Adults with Learning Disabilities and Complex Needs
Introduction
Out-of-area placements (OAPs) occur when individuals with learning disabilities and complex needs are placed in residential or support services outside their local authority area. This can have significant implications for the individual, their family, and the wider community. This literature review examines the evidence regarding factors driving OAPs for adults with complex needs.
Factors Driving OAPs
1. Lack of Suitable Local Services
A primary driver of OAPs is the limited availability of appropriate services within the individual's local authority area. This can include specialized residential care, day support programs, and therapeutic interventions.....
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