nexus between campaign and election results especially in relation to the developing mass media.
Political Campaign and Democratic Society

To truly understand the role of election campaigns towards the final result it is essential to understand that two views exist. On one hand it is argued that the voters decide for their candidate before campaigning commences while the others argue that it through this activity that the voters reach their decision.

An electoral campaign involves legally permitted actions which candidates and their respective parties undertake to arouse support during the period following up to the elections. Generally speaking the legal code of the country will provide a time limit during which campaigning is permitted. Additionally a financial bar is also set. This means that an upper limit is placed on the amount of money which the candidates and political parties can spend for this purpose.

Political campaigns are mainly intended to and do…...

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Works Cited

Cavanaugh, Johan William Media Effects on Voters: A Panel Study of the 1992 Presidential Election

D. Sunshine Hillygus wrote Did Gore's Kiss Work? Campaign Effects in Election 2000 available on   April 2004http://www.stanford.edu/group/i-rite/statements/2002/hillygus.htm26th 

Obedience: The dilemma of a democratic society
One of the most famous studies ever conducted on the subject of human obedience was that of Stanley Milgram's electric shock experiments. In Milgram's experiments, subjects were pressed to transmit what they believed were deadly electric shocks to fellow human beings. The purpose of Milgram's experiments was in part to understand how Nazi soldiers could have possibly have committed such horrific atrocities during World War II, simply because they were 'following orders.' However, even within the U.S. military, strict compliance is demanded in terms of the soldiers' behavior, dress, and bearing (Wenker 1981). Milgram's subjects came from a wide array of cultural backgrounds and many had not served in the military, yet the commanding presence of an authority caused them to obey and give apparently deadly shocks for no discernable purpose. The construct of the experiment was seen as horrifyingly strange by many individuals…...

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References

Wenker, Kenneth. (1981, July-August). Morality and military obedience.

ETHICS FO DEMOCACY?
Ethics, Justice and Democracy

Which Ethics for Democracy?

Democratic forms of individuality can be attained only if institutions are multiplied their practices and discourses created to consolidate democracy. Therefore, these individuals will do so by recognizing their identity that looks at the existence attributed to liberal forms of life democracies. Such a democracy is viewed to be a deliberate one because individuals are involved in stating what is right and what is wrong. Moreover, this democracy establishes a strong link between rationalism and moralism. In saying this, we imply that the political questions raised will be of a moral nature and become susceptible to receiving a rational treatment. In such a democratic society, the consensus is created rationally reached using appropriate and deliberative procedures. Hence, decisions produced are a representation of a standpoint that is impartial (Mouffe, 2000, p. 86). It is only by having a democratic society that…...

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Reference

Mouffe, C. (2000). Which Ethics for Democracy? In Marjorie Garber, Beatrice Hanssen, and Rebecca L. Walkowitz (eds.), The Turn to Ethics. New York, NY: Routledge

'Although these groups had different interests and goals, their mobilization and protests converged on the strategy of the opposition to the inhumane ruling of the military government' (Arifah, 2005), and this common understanding enthralled them with the spirit and motivation to demand political justice for themselves through implementation of democratic principles. It was observed that the government adopted discriminatory attitude and practiced violence against 'the protector generated righteous indignation and humanitarian concerns among progressive local population' (Charles, 2002), this further ignited their cause for the democratic reforms in the country. During 1980s a blood massacre took place at Kwangju which transformed the spirit and the practices launched for the implementation of the democratic reforms, the massacre 'radicalized and cross-fertilized the labor, student, church, and women's movements against military rule' (Charles, 2002). After the massacre the local population approved the radical Minjung ideology which demanded a rapid transition to the…...

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References

Jeong Lim Nam. Gender Politics in the Korean Transition to Democracy. Korean Studies. University of Hawaii Press. 2000

Arifah Rahmawati, Najib Azca. Police Reform from Below: Examples from Indonesia's Transition to Democracy. Center for Security and Peace Studies, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia. 2005

Dr. Salahuddin Aminuzzaman. A Regional Overview Report on National Integrity Systems in South Asia. Department of Development Studies University of Dhaka Bangladesh. 2004

David Martin Jones. Democratization, Civil Society and the Pacific Asian Nouveaux Riches. Polity Press. 1997

Challenges to Democratic Development in Africa Introduction
The political life in Africa has largely been characterized by poor governance and an inherently poor democratic record. This has in most cases led to not only political disillusionment, but also despair – effectively stifling the continent’s economic advancement. In effect, the challenges facing the continent as far as democratic development is concerned stem from political misrule coupled with the adverse effects of imposed westernization, as well as globalization and resource exploitation. As a consequence, the continent continues to suffer demobilization on the political front which has effectively led to economic decapitation. Millions of the continent’s inhabitants continue to be afflicted by disease and poverty, and illiteracy levels continue to be high in most countries. This text assesses and evaluates challenges to democratic development in Africa in the context of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Democracy, as per its dictionary definition, has got to do…...

Democratic Governance
Belgian Development Cooperation, (2014). Democratic Governance -- the Key to Development. http://www.btcctb.org/files/web/publication/Democratic%20governance_he%20key%20to%20development.pdf

his is a source from the Belgian Development Cooperation and looks at the link between development and democracy. Within the source, there are sample countries that have been used like Congo, Burundi, Belgium and Rwanda to show how democracy and development have been related over time. he article, indeed is a collection f smaller scholarly works by authorities in the individual areas and countries having conducted sufficient research on these countries discussed. It also highlights how the different systems of governance have helped shape the path of development. his, on evaluation pass for a peer reviewed article as it is reviews made on the existing researches and historically recorded happenings in the countries in question. he quality can be said to be worthy of the academic use and the credibility of this source can be categorized as very…...

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This source give an informative analysis of the politics of Latin America starting from the historical recap and the implications of the historical times in politics to the current state of democracy in the region. The paper further explains how the leadership in the region (several countries covered) has helped shape the politics and the democratic process to the contemporary times. The source further examines and comments on the link between politics and the economy of the region, an aspect that it refers to as the political economy of the region. Actually, the source was published by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars hence giving it credibility as a scholarly source as it has reviewers who are authorities in the particular chapters they comment on or contribute in.

Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, (2011). Concepts and Principles of Democratic Governance and Accountability.  http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_29779-1522-2-30.pdf?111219190223 

This source is a report from a European Union sponsored research and project on the subject of democracy. The source attempts to give a clear understanding of democracy through looking at the definitions, the actors in the democratic process, the various types of democracy and the particular principles that guide modern democracy. It also highlights the elements that underpin the democratic state and society like the election processes and the rights and freedoms of institutions and individuals. The source goes further tom exemplify democracy and the tenets through looking at Uganda (in East Africa) to indicate the extent to which the state has demonstrated or failed to demonstrate the democratic process. The source is commissioned by a reliable organization and involved several researchers to come up with this report that was only published and distributed after thorough peer reviewing by scholars in democracy hence a credible source of information for this research writing.

Justice in Society According to awls and Hampshire
This is paper contrasting the political philosophies of awls and Hampshire according o their views in 'Political liberalism' the Law of Peoples' and 'Justice as Conflict'. 4 sources are given.

Very few alternatives to the prevalent utilitarianism, dominant in most of the Western world, have emerged and made any significant impact. The theories of John awls however have made an important contribution to political philosophy and if not unanimously agreed upon they nevertheless have led to a revival in the academic study of political philosophy. His work has provoked debate amongst economists, legal scholars, political scientists, sociologists, and theologians alike. His Theory of Justice and subsequent additions and modifications to this hypothesis in the form of 'Political liberalism' and 'The Law of Peoples' is a comprehensive and detailed proposal that evolved over decades.

The 'Justice as Conflict' theory put forward by another eminent scholar, Stuart…...

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References

Hampshire, Stuart. "Justice Is Conflict." Princeton University Press. 2001.

Martin, Rex. "Rawls's New Theory of Justice," Chicago-Kent Law Review, Volume 69: 737-761, 1994.

Rawls, John. Political Liberalism, New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1993.

Rawls, John. The Law of Peoples: with "The Idea of Public Reason Revisited" Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Media on the U.S. Society
Some years ago, if someone asked us to name the sources of media present in our society, we would easily be able to do so. However, today media has extended and become much more widespread than it was before. ith the process of globalization that has encompassed the entire world, came the concept of media and the need to stay in touch as the infrastructure and mediums of communication grew. e can name a couple of media sources that have come to influence us the most which are firstly the internet and the social networking that has now become an integral part of our society and our lives. It is absolutely essential to be a part of the social media networking (Perse).

Another type of media has been the television which has existed for quite some while now but its implications and its fame is slowly…...

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Works Cited

Bell, Steve. "Impact of Global Media Revolution." USA Today (1999).

Bennett, Tony. Culture, Society and the Media. Routledge Publications, 1990.

Burton, Graeme. Media and Society: Critical Perspectives. Open University Press, 2005.

Gonzenbach, William J. The media, the president and public opinion: a longitudinal study on drug issue. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996.

Education
Creating Democratic Citizens

In American society, individuals are taught that their thoughts and opinions are valued. From this idea, democracy is born. Each individual has the right to have an opinion of any subject and to present his or her idea in a public arena. To determine the best-suited idea for a group, a vote is conducted to determine the most agreed upon conclusion. Since the majority of participants choose the conclusion, it is the one that will take precedence and is considered the fairest conclusion for the group.

The United States of America is built upon democracy.

As a citizen of the nation, it is mandatory for each individual to understand his or her role within such a society. Each person has a variety of responsibilities to adhere to as a member of our democratic society. These responsibilities include respecting others, understanding the democratic system, questioning others' viewpoints in order to gain…...

Consumer Society or Capitalism
Consumer society which evolves out of capitalism has its advantages as well as its disadvantages. But even with its disadvantages, consumer society has now become an accepted from of modern society.

Under the pressure of corporate politics, the commercialization of culture and the influence of mass media, the conventional literary values of Western society are deteriorating. For the public in general, the mixing and transformative experiences of culture have been restored by the joint viewing experience and by contribution in consumer trends. (Cronk, Consumerism and the New Capitalism) George Orwell described consumer society as the air we breathe. High worker output and high general levels of consumption typify efficiently improved societies of late 20th century. Though this prosperity is endorsed with making benefits like raised education and health care, it is also linked with much extended work hours, raised lose-lose social rivalry, uneven communities, economic disparity, and environmental…...

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References

Cronk, R. "Consumerism and the New Capitalism" Retrieved from   Accessed on 20 April, 2005http://www.westland.net/venice/art/cronk/consumer.htm 

"False atheism or the new-sacred ideologies - Page 5 / 7" Retrieved from   Accessed on 20 April, 2005http://atheisme.free.fr/Atheisme/Fae5_capitalism.htm 

"Features of a Consumer Society" Retrieved from Accessed on 20 April, 2005http://www.consultmcgregor.com/PDFs/features%20of%20consumer%20society.pdf

'"Global Capitalism Has Developed A Planetary Consumer Culture Based Upon Exploitation And Exclusion: Discuss" Retrieved from   Accessed on 20 April, 2005http://www.jakeg.co.uk/essays/consumer_exploitation.htm 

United States singled a shining democratic governance;, U.S. system governance immune criticism. Scholar One of the critiques of democracy discussed within the articles for this assignment is greatly associated with the role that private property and wealth plays in democratic societies. Specifically, within Santas' "Plato's criticism of democracies in The epublic," the author alludes to the fact that the influence of these two external aspects of government -- the private property and wealth of the individual chosen to govern in a democracy -- has the innate potential to corrupt and to subject the needs of the masses who are governed to those of the individuals who are governing.
There is a great possibility that the author is correct regarding this point of criticism. One of the points of validity for this notion is the fact that it is found in literature and is one of the chief points of disparagement…...

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References

Beard, C.A. (1993). "Framing the Constitution." American Government: Readings and Cases. New York: Harper Collins.

Gilley, B. (2009). "Is democracy possible?." Journal of Democracy. 20 (1), 113-125.

Ranney, A., Kendall, W. (1951). "Democracy: confusion and agreement."

Santas, G. (2007). "Plato's criticisms of democracy in The Republic." Social Policy & Political Foundation. 70-89. 4, 430-439.

Market Society Material and Ideological Conditions
A great transformation occurred at the end of the Medieval Age, when a resurgence of classical humanism and an age of Enlightenment led the way to an industrial revolution and a restructuring of European affairs. The Old World religion gave way to a Protestant ethos which shaped the philosophies of the centuries that followed and the rise of democratic societies and the "middle class" altered the way nations conducted business. This paper will discuss the material and ideological conditions that supported this "great transformation" (Polanyi), the characterizations of the market society, the significance of the transformation, and the connection between the "Protestant work ethic" and the "spirit of capitalism" as defined by Max Weber (Bendix).

The transition from medieval to market society came about by a shifting of societal values. Trade between East and West increased as technology and the means of travel increased. The authority…...

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Reference List

Bendix, "German Society and Protestant Ethic."

Heilbroner, "Economic Problem."

Polanyi, "Rise and Fall of Market Economy."

Rinehart, "Alienation and Development of Industrial Capitalism in Canada."

Criminal Justice in Todays SocietyAbstractThe modern-day society has evolved, and so are the security and social issues that face it. To determine the specific challenges that face todays society and thus, the criminal justice system, it requires a critical and analytical research study that will filter through the information available and determine the thematic areas that emerge as critical for modern-day criminal justice. Research for this study was done through a systematic literature review method. This research method was considered to be the most appropriate for the current research and the research question. Analysis of the information presented through the reviewed materials showed that several issues are characteristic of todays society that the criminal justice system has to address or factor in its operations to realize its mandate. These issues emerged as common from the reviewed materials; i) rehabilitative and restoration, not just punitive criminal justice, ii) racial equality, iii)…...

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BibliographyArgun, U. & Daglar, M. (2016). Examination of routine activities theory by the property crime. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 1188.Bennett, M. W., & Plaut, V. C. (2017). Looking Criminal and the Presumption of Dangerousness: Afrocentric Facial Features, Skin Tone, and Criminal Justice. UCDL, Rev., 51, 745.Daly, K. (2012). Aims of the criminal justice system. Crime and justice: A guide to criminology, 289-406.Epperson, M., & Pettus-Davis, C. (Eds.). (2017). Smart decarceration: Achieving criminal justice transformation in the 21st century. Oxford University Press. LeClerc, B., & Savona, E. U. (Eds.). (2016). Crime Prevention in the 21st century: insightful approaches for crime prevention initiatives. Springer.Lee, N., & Loton, D. (2019). Capstone purposes across disciplines. Studies in Higher Education, 44(1), 134-150.Manaliyo, J.C. (2016). Barriers to community participation in crime prevention in low-income communities in Cape Town. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 8(1).Matthews, R. (2020). New times, new crimes: Notes on the depillarization of the criminal justice system. Critical Criminology.Owusu-Bempah, A. (2017). Race and policing in historical context: Dehumanization and the policing of Black people in the 21st century. Theoretical Criminology, 21(1), 23-34.Ransley, J., & Mazerolle, L. (2009). Policing in an era of uncertainty. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, 10(4), 365-381.Schmalleger, F., Donaldson, S., Kashiwahara, K., Koppal, T., Chase, S., Brown, A., ... & Marash, D. (2014). Criminal justice today. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Tompson, L., & Belur, J. (2016). Information retrieval in systematic reviews: a case study of the crime prevention literature. Journal of experimental criminology, 12(2), 187-207.

Coombs and Holladay (2007)
Coombs and Holladay use the support of the professional literature to find an explanation to the importance stakeholders came to play in their role with the management. Their next movement is back to history, this time deeper to the times where there was no such field as public relations. They start in their investigation with the Anti-Slavery Society, formed by Arthur and Lewis Tappan in 1831. They were among the first to discover the role of using various ways of disseminating information to the public they targeted by using the printed word or by assembling in "meetings, sermons and public lectures." Coombs and Holladay (2007, p. 62). Further examples show how tools specific to the PR industry nowadays were discovered and put to use by simple people who succeeded to start major changes in society: Carry a. Nation, the first woman who made an "event" in…...

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Works Cited

Coombs, W.T and Holladay S.J. it's Not Just PR: Public Relations in Society. Blackwell Publishing. 2007

In other words, "the acquisition and transmission of imaginations of the past follows patterns that are specific to the respective generation." (Welzer, 2010, p.5) This is exemplified by the experience of the Sabbateans during the transition of Turkey into a modern nation after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1920. Traditionally the Sabbateans had followed their religious beliefs in private while maintaining a Moslem facade in public. But after the fall of the Ottomans, and the modernization programs enacted by its new leader Mustafa Kemal, there was enormous social pressure for the Sabbateans to conform to the new ideals of the modern Turkish state by discarding their Sabbatean religious traditions. In other words, the Turks were creating a new social memory that was based on abandoning traditional activities, like practicing Sabbateanism, and embracing the new, progressive activities of the modern Turkish state: exemplified by citizenship. But this new…...

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References

Allan, Diana (2007). "Chapter 10: The Politics of Witness: Remembering and Forgetting 1948 in Shatila Camp," in Nakba: Palestine, 2948, and the Claims of Memory. Eds. Ahmad E. Sa'di and Lila Abu-Lughod.

New York: Columbia UP: 254-282. Print.

Cenarro, Angelo. (2002). "Memory Beyond the Public Sphere: The Francoist

Repression Remembered in Aragon." History and Memory 14(1/2): 165-176

Thesis Statement:

The Lack of Police Equity in America: Historical Context, Current Manifestations, and the Urgent Need for Comprehensive Reform

Introduction:

Police equity, a fundamental principle of a just and democratic society, entails the fair and impartial treatment of all individuals by law enforcement agencies. However, the reality of policing in America falls short of this ideal, with a long history of racial profiling, excessive force, and discriminatory practices. This thesis will delve into the historical context of police inequity, its current manifestations, and the urgent need for comprehensive reform to ensure equal justice under the law.

Historical Context:

The roots of police inequity in....

Policy Analysis and Evaluation

The effectiveness of different policy interventions in addressing social issues (e.g., poverty, healthcare, education)
The impact of policy changes on specific populations or industries
The role of evidence-based policymaking in improving policy outcomes
The challenges and opportunities of implementing and enforcing policy
The ethical implications of policy decisions

Policy Design and Development

Innovative approaches to policy design (e.g., behavioral economics, collaborative governance)
The factors that influence policy adoption and implementation
The role of stakeholders in policy development and evaluation
The impact of technology on policy design and implementation
The challenges of balancing competing interests in policymaking

Policy Implementation....

1. The impact of cancel culture on freedom of speech and expression
2. Analyzing the effectiveness of cancel culture in holding individuals and organizations accountable
3. The role of social media in fueling and perpetuating cancel culture
4. Exploring the psychological effects of being canceled on individuals
5. Cancel culture and its implications for diversity and inclusivity in society
6. The role of cancel culture in shaping public perception and opinion
7. Critiquing the ethics and morality of cancel culture practices
8. Cancel culture and its potential consequences for a democratic society
9. Examining the intersectionality of cancel culture and social justice movements
10. Proposing alternative approaches to accountability....

1. The impact of stricter gun control laws on reducing gun violence in society
2. The Second Amendment and its relevance in modern times with regards to gun control
3. The role of mental health issues in relation to gun control policies
4. The effectiveness of background checks in preventing gun violence
5. The debate between advocates for gun rights and advocates for gun control
6. The connection between gun control laws and mass shootings in the United States
7. The impact of gun control measures on law enforcement and public safety
8. The influence of political factors on the implementation of gun control policies
9. The correlation....