For instance, Algerians saw the defeat of the French as a means to their own independence.
When the French were defeated by the Vietminh, the French were so humiliated and embarrassed in the eyes of the world that they decided to stiffen their resistance to others seeking independence. This led to a decade long war in Algeria which the French were resolved not to lose. Unlike Indochina, there were large numbers of native French living in Algeria, and the French viewed it as an integral part of France. But the French no longer had the military resources to maintain their Algerian colony by force, and the French people were forced to accept Algerian independence. In fact, more than 90% of the French public had grown tired of the war, and the atrocities that were being carried out in the name of France, and favored independence for Algeria. But there was…...

European Imperialism and Decolonization:
Spectacular in Some Respects

Not Spectacular in Other Respects

European Imperialism and Decolonization:

Spectacular in Some Respects, Not Spectacular in Other Respects

The term "spectacular" is, in some respects, subjective. The collapse of European empires after 1945 was spectacular in some respects but not in others. The British Empire's decolonization after orld ar II can be logically called "spectacular" in its scope; however, it was not "spectacularly" surprising or shocking, for the Empire began decolonization decades before orld ar II. In contrast to the Empire's decolonization, France's decolonization can be logically called "spectacular" in both its scope and turmoil. According to research, these differing experiences of decolonization can be traced to several national and accidental factors.

Analysis of the British Empire's Decolonization

The Empire and Decolonization Prior to 1945

The most common type of imperial control was the "colony," directly ruled by a Governor representing the British Government and Crown (Luscombe) and a most…...

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Works Cited

Devine, T.M. "The Break-Up of Britain? Scotland and the End of Empire: The Prothero Lecture." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Sixth Series, 6 (2006): 163-180. Print.

Doody, Richard. "French Empire Timeline - 1940-1945." n.d. World At War Web site. Web. 24 March 2012.

Encyclopedia Britannica. "Statute of Westminster." 2012. Britannica.com Web site. Web. 24 March 2012.

Luscombe, Stephen. "British Empire in 1924." n.d. Britishempire.co.uk Web site. Web. 24 March 2012.

The Paradox of Value Attribution in Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH)IntroductionCultural heritage, a manifestation of society\\\'s cumulative knowledge, beliefs, and customs, goes beyond tangible artifacts and edifices. The preservation and interpretation of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) traditions, rituals, stories, music, dance, and other non-physical facets of a cultural group\\\'s identity are equally vital. This essay aims to explore the complex process of defining and categorizing ICH, analyze the paradox of value attribution in ICH, and assess the effectiveness and limitations of current practices in preserving ICH. It uses the decolonization lens and the cultural iceberg model to make sense of these problems and to clarify perspectives. Employed in this paper are the case studies of the Ute Grandfather Tree, the Hikaye in Palestine, and Capoeira in Brazil to illustrate practical implications.Defining and Categorizing ICHUnderstanding ICH indeed necessitates a deep engagement with the fluidity and subjectivity inherent in cultural practices.…...

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ReferencesAikawa, N., 2004. An historical overview of the preparation of the UNESCO International Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Museum international, 56(1-2), pp.137-149.Assunção, M.R., 2005. Capoeira: a history of an Afro-Brazilian martial art. Psychology Press.Bortolotto, C., 2012. The French inventory of intangible cultural heritage: Domesticating a global paradigm into French heritage regime. Heritage regimes and the state, p.265.Cameron, C. and Ross, M., 2007. From Vienna to Quebec: Shifting concepts of World Heritage, 1965-2005. In G. Fairclough, R. Harrison, J. Schofield & J. Jameson (Eds.), The Heritage Reader. Routledge.Deacon, H., Dondolo, L., Mrubata, M. and Prosalendis, S., 2004. The subtle power of intangible heritage: Legal and financial instruments for safeguarding intangible heritage. HSRC Press.Downey, G., 2005. Learning Capoeira: Lessons in cunning from an Afro-Brazilian art. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Eichler, J., 2021. Intangible cultural heritage, inequalities and participation: who decides on heritage?. The International Journal of Human Rights, 25(5), pp.793-814.Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B., 1998. Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage. University of California Press.Kurin, R., 2004. Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage in the 2003 UNESCO Convention: a critical appraisal. Museum international, 56(1-2), pp.66-77.Lira, S. and Amoêda, R. eds., 2019. Constructing intangible heritage. Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development.Pereira Roders, A. and Van Oers, R., 2011. Bridging cultural heritage and sustainable development. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 1(1), pp.5-14.Schaepe, D.M., Nicholas, G. and Dolata, K., 2020. Recommendations for Decolonizing British Columbia’s Heritage-Related Processes and Legislation. First Peoples’ Cultural Council, 73.Smith, L., 2006. Uses of heritage. Routledge.Smith, L., 2022. All heritage is intangible. Critical heritage studies and museums. Routledge.Waterton, E. and Watson, S., 2013. Framing theory: Towards a critical imagination in heritage studies. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 19(6), pp.546-561.

CANADA'S ABOIGINAL PEOPLE
Suicide amongst Canada's Aboriginal People

Suicide amongst Canada's Aboriginal People

The aboriginal people of Canada have faced injustices perpetrated through colonization, cultural prejudice, and forced assimilation among many other social injustices. The perpetrators, who include the Canadian dominant population, did this without considering the aboriginal people's well-being. Therefore, in an attempt to reduce the social problems they faced, the aboriginal people taken part in habits such as alcoholism, violence, and suicide. The aboriginal youth remain the most affected, mainly because of the development of suicidal thoughts, which have driven them to commit suicide (Kirmayer, & Valaskakis, 2009). To make it worse, the aboriginal people are denied access to healthcare services, which has contributed to lack of identification of suicidal youths.

The social problems they face result to depression, and some of the people opt to take part in some life-threatening habits, for example, suicide (Lavelle & Poole, 2010). Suicide is the…...

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References

Baskin, C. (2011). Strong Helpers' Teachings: The Value of Indigenous Knowledge in the Helping Professions. Toronto, ON: Canadian Scholar's Press.

Blackstock, C. (2009). The Occasional Evil of Angels: Learning from the Experiences of Aboriginal Peoples and Social Work. First Peoples Child and Family Review, 4(1), 28-37.

Hart, M., Sinclair, R., & Bruyere, G. (2009). Wi-cihitowin: Aboriginal social work in Canada.

Halifax: Fernwood Pub.

Rhodesia and parts of the French Maghreb have been ravaged by terrorism and guerilla warfare.
One of the main aftermaths suffered by the African countries which have been colonized is poverty. Most colonial powers have exploited their colonies to the maximum, enslaving locals and stealing their resources.

Another repercussion that a great numbers of Africans have sustained after the colonial period is the fact that their countries are being devastated by the continuous wars fueled by money coming from the sale of diamonds. The 1994 massacre from Rwanda is believed to have had its roots in the colonial period, when groups of people had been discriminated.

orks cited:

1. Ahluwalia, D. Pal S., Ahluwalia, Pal. "Politics and post-colonial theory: African inflections." Routledge, 2001.

2. Leonard, Thomas M. "Encyclopedia of the developing world." Taylor & Francis, 2006.

Leonard, Thomas M. "Encyclopedia of the developing world." Taylor & Francis, 2006.

Ahluwalia, D. Pal S., Ahluwalia,…...

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Works cited:

1. Ahluwalia, D. Pal S., Ahluwalia, Pal. "Politics and post-colonial theory: African inflections." Routledge, 2001.

2. Leonard, Thomas M. "Encyclopedia of the developing world." Taylor & Francis, 2006.

Leonard, Thomas M. "Encyclopedia of the developing world." Taylor & Francis, 2006.

Ahluwalia, D. Pal S., Ahluwalia, Pal. "Politics and post-colonial theory: African inflections." Routledge, 2001.

Emergence of Nationalist Struggles
Analysis of Emergence Nationalist Struggles

Decolonization is considered to be the process, which concentrates on the removal of colonialism; the process in which one country exerts unequal amount of power and politics over another country. It is either a political or cultural movement, which attempts to gain independence and the complete removal of insidious and destructive impacts of colonialism. This paper aims at discussing the emergence of nationalist struggles that occurred in the process of decolonization of South Africa and wanda in the lights of broad and diverse academic resources. Furthermore, this paper would discuss the impact of colonial powers and nationalist movements on nature development countries.

Overview

In Africa, the nationalist movement started "from the birth of Ghana in 1957 to the first democratically elected government of South Africa in 1994. The character and pace of decolonization varied from relatively peaceful constitutional transfers of power to protracted liberation…...

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References:

Birmingham, D. The Decolonization of Africa. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2005.

Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. Africa: Endurance and Change South of the Sahara. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

Le Seuer, James D., ed. The Decolonization Reader. New York: Routledge, 2003.

Middleton, John (ed.). Encyclopedia of Africa South of the Sahara. New York: Scribner's, 1997. 4 vols

War in Africa
Due to European colonization and then decolonization, Africa was left in a similar state of the other former colonies. What state were the other colonies left in and what are the similarities?

Concomitant colonization and decolonization of Africa left most of the countries in a state of utter economic dependence on their colonial masters. This state is more or less similar to what happened to former colonies in the Americas and Asia. While there are other socio-political impacts that also resulted, this brief paper focuses only on the state economic dependence that African colonies found themselves in soon after colonial masters went back to their countries.

Prior to the "Scramble and Partition of Africa," African economies were on an upward trend in most areas, but more so in terms of trade. Africans had already established trade patterns with some long distance traders walking covering miles just to exchange their goods

.…...

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References

Bojicic, Savo. America…. America…. Or Is It? New York, NY: AuthorHouse, 2010.

Clayton, Anthony. Frontiersmen; warfare in Africa since 1950. Philadelphia: UCL press, 1999

Shipway, Martin. Decolonization and Its Impact: A Comparative Approach to the End of the Colonial Empires. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub, 2008.

Shipway, Martin. Decolonization and Its Impact: A Comparative Approach to the End of the Colonial Empires. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub, 2008.

Conference Berlin consequences b)
The History of Contemporary frica

Ever since parts of its region became colonized by Europeans (which began happening fairly regularly since the early part of the nno Domini timeline), frica has suffered an abundance of problems relating to its political, social, and economic spheres of existence. fter its introduction to what is best termed a fledgling globalization through colonization in several of its countries by a number of European nations, frica has understandably endured a number of issues relating to its primary systems of government, economics, and socialization. lthough events related to the conclusion of World War II were largely responsible for decolonization in this part of the world, many nation states on the continent would struggle for several years -- and are still struggling -- to overcome the effects of colonization and the inherent instability it provided to many of the key infrastructures within today's existing…...

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A large degree of political turmoil took place in Uganda following its liberation from colonization midway through the 20th century. A number of political factions vied for power in the ensuing years; many of these were associated with religious groups set up by the European colonialists, such as Catholic and Protestant supporters. Economically, the country had a strong Indian population that was in control of much of the commerce nad industry there, which is why dictator Idi Amin expelled them in the early 1970's. Deforestation issues have affected Uganda quite significantly. Urbanization and expanding farmlands are responsible for much of Uganda's deforestation problem, while like most regions in Africa, the population housed within this country has seen an explosion in the number of victims of AIDS and HIV. Civil wars and internal fighting, however, would regularly plague Uganda into the new millennium. In more recent times, efforts have been made to reduce barriers to women owning property and being an economic influence within this country. The traditional gender equality within Uganda has certainly circumscribed its growth.

One of the most insidious instances of neo-colonization in Africa, however, was evinced in South Africa. The system of apartheid, which was essentially a legalized subjugation of people of African descent that highly favored Europeans and those of European descent, was responsible for political instability for several years as black South Africans strove to overturn such a repressive regime. Apartheid was eventually overturned in 1994 with the presidency of Nelson Mandela, but economically, unemployment was largely rampant in the country as it struggled to transition to true independence. Other contemporary issues plaguing this country are a nationwide rapid deforestation process, as well as rampant AIDS infection (South Africa may have the most people with AIDS in the world today). Women have played a significant role in the true liberation of this country from first its colonial history and then its repressive reign of Apartheid, as is evinced within the perseverance and political inclinations of Winnie Mandela.

There were several things about Africa that I learned while taking this course. One was that there was a highly planned, systematic implementation of repression that is responsible for keeping Africa socially, economically, and politically years behind many other parts of the world. This repression truly took hold during colonialism, but the bouts of neocolonialism that many countries endured even after formal colonialism was dispelled certainly contributed to this cause. I was also unaware of the contemporary problems that Africa has regarding issues of deforestation. I had no idea that the cutting down of trees and the reduction of forests could take hold of this area as quickly as it had, and continue to affect the environments there today.

retched of the Earth
hen nations of Europe set out on boats, they determined to find lands and claim them for the empirical country, regardless of any objections coming from the people actually living on those lands. In the colonized land, the native population were marginalized, oppressed, and limited in their civil rights. Many were turned into slaves on large farms run by the emissaries from the motherland. The natives were sometimes outnumbered but the number of the enemy seldom mattered because the colonial soldiers usually were in possession of more sophisticated weaponry with which they could subjugate the aboriginal peoples. Sometimes these colonies existed for centuries and lines of ethnically determined social status kept the descendants of colonists in the upper echelons of society while those descended from the natives were kept subservient to their European oppressors. Understandably this did not go well with the natives or their descendents…...

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Works Cited

Fanon, F. (2004). The Wretched of the Earth. Grove: New York, NY.

Art and Technology
Bell hooks' quotation regarding the proper perspective that one should have when conducting cultural criticism involves the "disruption of the colonized/colonizer mindset," which means that individuals who aim to provide a fair and objective criticism of culture must be free from any biases or predetermined prejudices and opinions about that particular culture. Disruption of the colonized/colonizer mindset is necessary because analysis and findings regarding the study of a particular culture entails objectivity, and failing to do so would result to an invalid and unreliable approach and result to the researcher's findings. Thus, a disruption of an individual's mindset about a culture being superior or inferior is a necessary tool in order to achieve objectivity and accuracy in research. Furthermore, "border crossings" means that a researcher must be able to immerse himself with the dynamics of the culture he is studying in order to get a better and proper…...

WWII: Italy
Both World War I and II were world events that left territories, countries, nations, and individuals exhausted from the effort and from loss. These wars proved ultimately ironic when the term "the war to end all wars" proved tragically inaccurate with the outbreak of World War II. In addition to the devastation, however, were significant changes, developments and effects on the world and its paradigms. Decolonization, for example proved to be one of the most important effects. Whereas colonization was a mainly European paradigm as means of transport and new discoveries enabled increasing voyages across the world, the World Wars created the ability of territories to become autonomous, searching for their own identity rather than identities that were associated with those of their colonizers. For Italy, World War II also held its own specific events and paradigm shifts as the country became a territory affected by war and manipulation…...

Perhaps the most memorable example of the cross-pollination of ideas, however, was that of the Chinese ten-meter-tall, Styrofoam "Goddess of Democracy" in Tiananmen Square. The Chinese demonstrations openly used estern symbols and quoted estern ideologues until they were silenced by the government. As with 1789, some of the 1989 revolts were successful, some unsuccessful, but all shared certain qualities in common, according to Manning. Manning concedes that all social movements draw upon pre-existing conflicts and debates, combined with a new intensification of flaring up of such issues but both years of multiple revolutions all show a common rhetoric between nations. In 1989 the "equivalent debates included rights to self-expression, freedom from government restraint, recognition of individual rights, renunciation of racial and ethnic discrimination, and recognition of communities" and a cross-cultural language of common cause, along with a desire for great change (Manning par. 66). The common, sympathetic language was non-specific…...

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Work Cited

Manning, Patrick. "1789-1792 and 1989-1992: Global Interaction of Social Movements." World

History Connected. May 12, 2010.

 http://worldhistoryconnected.press.illinois.edu/3.1/manning.html

elder Thomas King's Green Grass, Running Water world "bent" "fix." This task explore ways American Indian literature helps imagine ways fix bent things world explain findings matters world.
Most people are likely to acknowledge that society has severe problems and that urgent action needs to be taken in order for it to be able to recover from a moral point-of-view. Powerful bodies have always had the tendency to persecute minorities and groups that have generally been unable to stand up for themselves. Thomas King's 1993 novel "Green Grass, Running Water" discusses in regard to how the world is bent and describes particular characters as they vainly try to fix it. It is very probable that the writer wants his readers to accept the impossibility related to changing human nature and uses satire with the purpose of having them considering accept that society is broken. Similarly, Joseph oyden's manuscript "Three Day Road"…...

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Bibliography:

Buzo, Adrian, The Making of Modern Korea (New York: Routledge, 2002)

Cox, James H., "All This Water Imagery Must Mean Something": Thomas King's Revisions of Narratives of Domination and Conquest in "Green Grass, Running Water,"

American Indian Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Spring, 2000)

Scott, Jamie S., "Colonial, Neo-colonial, Post-colonial: Images of Christian Missions in Hiram M. Cody's the Frontiersman, Rudy Wiebe's First and Vital Candle and Basil Johnston's Indian School Days," Journal of Canadian Studies 32.3 (1997)

disparities original "medicine chest" clause Aboriginal Treaties Canada, failure Canadian government meet health care Aboriginal people today
Policy Change for Improvement

The aboriginals of Canada comprise of the indigenous people who are within North America, but dwell in the boundaries of Canada. Nevertheless, people have continuously view them discriminatively. This is what has led to the formulation of numerous policies, which will favor the aboriginals and make them feel part of the Canadian society. Although this is the case, the policies, some of which are applicable, have not yielded much success. Owing to this, there is a need for policy improvement in an effort to attain some of the essential needs such as healthcare (Walkerman and Humphreys, 2002).

In so doing, the aboriginals will access healthcare, and subsequently feel as part of the society. Notably, aboriginals are present in many other parts of the Western world, and the treatment is similar; discriminated.…...

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References

Government of Ontario (1994). Aboriginal health policy -- Executive summary. Toronto, ON:

Aboriginal Healing & Wellness Strategy. Retrieved 17 December, 2013 from  http://www.ahwsontario.ca/about/healthpolicy.html 

Kinsley, C. (2002). Rural health in rural hands: Strategic decisions, remote, northern and aboriginal communities. Retrieved from  http://www.srpc.ca/PDF/rural_hands.pdf 

Lavoie, J.G., Forget, E., Prakash, T., Dahl, M., Martens, P., & O'Neil, J.D. (2010). Have

Fanon considered in this sense that violence can be used by those people least attached to the values of the colonial society and with the fewest connections with the foreign settlers, as change can take place only "from the bottom up. The extraordinary importance of this change is that it is willed, called for, demanded," therefore felt at the lowest levels of the society, the peasantry. (Fanon, 1963, 35)
On a similar note is Sartre's approach to the role of the peasant in conducting the revolutionary movement. Unlike Marx, Sartre is keen in underlining the importance of the peasantry to the revolutionary effort. However, in Fanon's consideration of the peasants as the moving force of the revolution, there is a certain lack of coherence. In this sense, it can be noticed the fact that despite acknowledging the role of the least affected people in the society in terms of colonial…...

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References

Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. Trans. Constance Farrington. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1963.

Mortimer, Robert. "The Algerian revolution in search of the African Revolution." The Journal of Modern African Studies. Vol. 8, no 3. 1970.

Perinbam, B. Marie. "Fanon and the Revolutionary Peasantry - the Algerian Case." The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 3. Sep., 1973, pp. 427-445.

Wright, Derek. "Fanon and Africa: A Retrospect." The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 24, No. 4. Dec., 1986, pp. 679-689

Titles for an Essay about Stereotypes in Pocahontas

Title 1: The Myth and Reality of Pocahontas: Unraveling Stereotypes in Popular Culture

This title succinctly captures the central theme of the essay by highlighting the contrast between the idealized image of Pocahontas and the historical complexities of her story. It suggests an exploration of the ways in which stereotypes have distorted the understanding of this significant figure.

Title 2: Pocahontas: Beyond the Feminine Ideal and Cultural Misappropriation

This title emphasizes the problematic nature of the stereotypes surrounding Pocahontas, particularly her portrayal as a passive love object and a symbol of Native American culture. It hints....

1. The Rise and Fall of Ancient Civilizations
2. The Spread of Christianity and Islam
3. The Age of Exploration and Colonialism
4. The Industrial Revolution and its Impact
5. World Wars and their Consequences
6. Decolonization and the Cold War
7. Globalization and the Information Age
8. Environmental History and Climate Change
9. Human Rights Movements and Social Justice
10. The Future of Humanity and the Challenges Ahead
11. The Influence of Technology on Society
12. The Evolution of Art, Literature, and Culture
13. The Development of Political Systems and Governance
14. The Role of Women in History
15. The Impact of Scientific Discoveries on Society
16. The History of Economic....

Chapter 1: Ancient Civilizations

The Rise and Fall of the Sumerian City-States
The Indus Valley Civilization: Unraveling the Enigma
The Ancient Egyptian Civilization: Pyramids, Pharaonic Power, and Daily Life
The Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations: Maritime Masters of the Aegean
The Zhou Dynasty and the Birth of Chinese Civilization

Chapter 2: Classical Civilizations

The Athenian Golden Age: Democracy, Philosophy, and the Arts
The Roman Empire: Conquests, Governance, and the Pax Romana
The Mauryan Empire: From Chandragupta to Ashoka's Legacy
The Hellenistic World: A Syncretic Blend of Greek and Persian Cultures
The Han Dynasty: China's Ascendancy and Technological Innovations

Chapter 3: Medieval Civilizations

The....

The Profound Impact of Settler Colonialism on Indigenous IdentitySettler colonialism, a system of political, economic, and social control exerted by non-Indigenous settlers over Indigenous lands and peoples, has profoundly shaped Indigenous identity. This process has entailed the imposition of dominant cultural norms, the suppression of Indigenous languages and traditions, and the disruption of traditional ways of life.Assimilation and Cultural ErosionOne of the primary objectives of settler colonialism was the assimilation of Indigenous peoples into the dominant society. Colonial policies, such as boarding schools and forced relocation, aimed to strip Indigenous children of their cultural heritage and instill in them the....