Decision Making Styles
Leadership is the position of authority in which it is possible to provide guidance or direction through making decisions that will affect other people. There are many methods of decision making, and each individual person has a unique decision making style.

Many different studies have explored the vast and quite possibly infinite numbers of decision making styles that are exhibited by people. One example of such personality studies is the Fielder contingency model, which is a leadership theory that categorized people into relationship-oriented and task-oriented groups. Those who fit into each category are assumed to function best when given tasks that suit their type, and that there is no way that a person of one type can function within the confines of the other. Another leadership model, the path-goal model, was developed by Robert House. House's categories of leadership styles very much focus on the ways in which leaders…...

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Bibliography

Bkonrad, et al. "Situational Leadership Theory." Wikipedia. May 11, 2004.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situational_leadership_theory 

Cyrius, et al. "Path-Goal Model." Wikipedia. April 3, 2004.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path-goal_model 

Fiedler Contingency Model." Wikipedia. May 30, 2004.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiedler_contingency_model 

Gscshoyru, et al. "Functional Leadership Model." Wikipedia. May 11, 2004.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_leadership_model

Howeve this philosophy has been poved to be wong. Besides a few taits like intuition and sensing, all the leadeship taits involve ou conscious decisions and behavios. A peson can adopt any leadeship and decision making style to be effective and poductive based on the wok envionment and the people he is woking with. Hee ae some ecommendations fo the self-impovement with espect to leadeship and decision making:
The leade should know self and his people. This helps develop a stong bond and educes powe distance.

As a leade, one is ecommended to take suggestions fom his people while making decisions. This will bing followes on the boad and they will suppot the final decision.

The leade should neithe totally ely on the subodinates fo pefoming a task no should he guide them no supevise them closely though activities. Thee should be balanced supevision and autonomy.

It is suggested that the leade should…...

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references: E. Or I, S or N, T or F, and J. Or P. First look at whether your rating for E. is higher than for I. If it is higher, then that is part of your type. Based on the scores in the chart above, pick one of the two letters in the following pairs:

Sentences 1-2

E

Sentences 3-4

N

Organizational Behavior
Decision Making Styles

Decision making styles depend on numerous factors such as an individual's personal skills, perceptions, the organizational culture in which he or she operates and more importantly, the overall culture of the country. In general, there are four kinds of styles and they are directive, analytical, conceptual and behavioral. This paper will focus on the right kind of decision making style for each organization that operates in different cultures.

Decision making styles used by the company in China

The current decision-making style used in the company is analytical. In this case, the manager analyzes all possible options and does a thorough research before deciding. They are autocratic in every sense and the leader or manager maintains complete control over all aspects of decision-making. There is little involvement from the co-workers and the leader becomes solely responsible for the consequences of the decision.

This decision-making style has worked well for my company…...

Global Situation Creating Conflict
Negotiation and Decision Making Styles Dialogue

German and American cultural communication style differences

Global market situation creating conflict

In many respects, Germany is very similar to the United States in terms of its business practices, at least in comparison to more high-context communication cultures such as Japan and France. Germans place a strong emphasis on 'saying what you mean.' In fact, in contrast to businesspersons from the United States, Germans are often considered more blunt and direct in their style when speaking about business-related issues. However, there are also a number of distinct cultural differences between the two national groups. For example, "Germans are often uneasy with uncertainty, ambiguity and unquantifiable risk. This has become manifest in both social and business spheres. Socially, Germans lean towards conservatism and conformism" (Doing business in Germany, 2013, Kwintessential).

In contrast, Americans tend to view risk in a more approving fashions. The German emphasis on…...

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References

Doing business in Germany. (2013). Export.gov. Retrieved:

 http://export.gov/germany/doing_business_in_germany/ 

Doing business in Germany. (2013). Kwintessential. Retrieved:

 http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/etiquette/doing-business-germany.html

In other words, throughout the transition period, Onetech would create efficiencies and would consolidate its position. In the future however, it is recommended that the company moved towards a strategy of diversification, as this would better satisfy customers' needs, attract them and as such create market power for the firm (Markides, 2007).

The decision making process at Onetech

The decision making process at Onetech is quite intricate, revealing both strengths, as well as weaknesses. Decisions are for instance made at the level of the board and are based on the expertise gathered by the various major players in the firm. Still, the decisions are made by the executives, with little emphasis on the input which could be provided by the employees.

In order to better assess the decision making process at Onetech, it is appropriate to analyze it through the lenses of the rational decision making model. This model consists of a series…...

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References:

Cologon, D.R., Cohen, D.R., 2008, FileMaker Pro 9 Bible, John Wiley and Sons

Hage, M., 2007, A stakeholder concern towards an economix theory on stakeholder governance, Uitgeverij Van Gorcum

Jacobs, P.K., 2000, Minding the muse: the impact of downsizing on corporate creativity, Harvard Business School,   last accessed on November 30, 2011http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/1518.html 

Markides, C.C., 2007, Diversification, refocusing and economic performance, MIT Press

Decision-Making Process in Business Environment
The activity of decision-making may be defined as mental processes leading to the choosing of one alternative out of many.

All decision-making processes generate an ultimate choice.

Decision-making output may be a chosen view or action.

Broadly, decision-making represents a process of choosing between numerous alternatives and making a commitment to adopting some particular option for the future (Masood).

The Nature of Decision-Making

Successful decision-making, realizing where one has made the wrong choice, and being quick to respond to one's errors, forms a major component of corporate efficiency.

According to some scholars, decision-making constitutes the most elementary and salient of all the responsibilities of a manager.

The activity of decision-making relates most closely to the activity of planning.

But it also forms part of leadership, organization, and control (icaksana).

Decision-Making Process

Decision-making entails six steps:

a. Problem Identification

• Need for explicitly outlining the issue

• Manager should thoroughly understand the issue

• Manager should carefully regard and assess the…...

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Works Cited

Wicaksana, Seta. Decision-Making. 2013. Web. 8 Sept. 2016.

Chapter 9. Managerial Decision-Making. 2009. Web. 8 Sept. 2016

Masood, Aima. Decision-Making Process. 2013. Web. 8 Sept. 2016.

Not even the most brilliant, ethical, and rational person has the ability to research every conceivable implication and alternative before making every decision in life.
Group decision-making is another method of decision-making, where the decision is often arrived at by consensus or committee, such as coming to a decision as to where to take a family vacation. The decision is often time-consuming, because ideally it must please everyone, although quite often no one is fully pleased (Petress, 2002). Multiple levels of irrationality are injected into the process, even if the 'team leader' (the parents who are paying for the vacation) have the final veto. To make the group decision-making process more efficient, often a vote is taken at the end of the discussion if the effort is supposed to be democratic. It can be superior to individual decision-making in that individuals can point out when group members are being irrational,…...

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Works Cited

Baker, G. (2004). "Decision Making." University of Florida. Retrieved 20 Oct 2007 at  http://www.unf.edu/~gbaker/Man6204/Decision.PDF 

Levitt, Barbara & Clifford Nass. (Jun 1989) "The lid on the garbage can: institutional constraints on decision making in the technical core of college-text publishers." Administrative Science Quarterly. Retrieved 20 Oct 2007 at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4035/is_n2_v34/ai_7376934 

Petress, Ken. (2002). "An alternative model for decision-making." Journal of Instructional Psychology. Retrieved 20 Oct 2007 at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FCG/is_3_29/ai_91707794/pg_1 

Williams, Tim. (Mar 2004). "Setting Impossible Standards."

Decision-Making
My taxonomy of decision-making approaches will be based, somewhat loosely, on brain dominance theory combined with what I have seen in my experience. The underlying principle is that people are either analytical or emotional in their decision making. These are the two basic types, but within these there are differences as well. For example, rational decision-making can be purely statistical -- using the numbers to guide the process, or it can be more qualitative-rational. On the emotional side, decision making can be "gut," which is fairly reactive, or it can be based on past performance, so more of a "what has worked before."

In the middle is a hybrid, which relies on a heavy amount of analysis, before the final decision is based more on feel. There might not be a much academic support for this one, but I do it myself all the time. The use of gut is really…...

The brainstorming approach: The Grubb & Ellis Company

In contrast to the City of Miami, the Grubb & Ellis Company, a commercial real estate advisory firm, uses the 'brainstorming' method of decision-making. A creative business such as Grubb & Ellis clearly believes it benefits from a decision-making model that encourages a 'free for all' of information. In this model, individuals write down, collectively or individually, every idea that comes to mind, good or bad. No censorship is allowed. Quite often, unique and off-beat solutions are generated through this method, and sometimes even the 'craziest' ideas can germinate practical solutions.

The only problem with the brainstorming model is that because it is so democratic, the organization can get bogged down debating an array of available alternatives, when a quick decision is required. Eventually, a solution must be arrived at, and the organization may find itself forced to shift to a more rational model,…...

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References

Six-Step Decision Making Model. (201). Decision-Making Confidence. Retrieved February 12,

2010 at  http://www.decision-making-confidence.com/six-step-decision-making-process.html

Professional Development Briefing: Cognitive and Affective Psychology in Professional PracticeIntroductionProblem-solving, creativity, decision-making, reasoning, and intelligence (both human and artificial) are linked domains that impact human behavior and cognition. It is important for professional psychologists to understand these domains for the sake of their clients. These areas will provide support in determining how individuals approach challenges and will also help professionals understand clients emotional responses, decision-making processes, and interactions with technology. The useful integration of knowledge from these domains can be of great service to psychology professionals as it will allow them to better support individuals in addressing their own lives and situations, making informed decisions, and using intelligence (innate or artificial) throughout that process.Problem-Solving and Creativity: A Deeper DiveOrigins and EvolutionThe study of problem-solving and creativity is rooted in early psychological theories, such as Gestalt psychology, which was founded in the early 20th century. Gestalt psychology posits that humans perceive…...

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ReferencesAmabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization. Journal of personality and social psychology, 45(2), 357.Bechara, A., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. (2000). Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 10(3), 295-307.Dietrich, A., & Kanso, R. (2010). A review of EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies of creativity and insight. Psychological Bulletin, 136(5), 822-848.Duncan, J., & Owen, A. M. (2000). Common regions of the human frontal lobe recruited by diverse cognitive demands. Trends in Neurosciences, 23(10), 475-483.Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Basic Books.Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-291.Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253.Niu, W., & Sternberg, R. J. (2001). Cultural influences on artistic creativity and its evaluation. International Journal of Psychology, 36(4), 225-241.Spearman, C. (1904). \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"General Intelligence,\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" objectively determined and measured. The American Journal of Psychology, 15(2), 201-292.Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Culture and intelligence. American Psychologist, 59(5), 325-338.von Neumann, J., & Morgenstern, O. (1944). Theory of games and economic behavior. Princeton University Press.Wertheimer, M. (1959). Productive thinking. Harper & Row.

As in any merger, the organization would have to deal with human resource issues (because the verification process was double-performed, one of the two teams needs to be reapplied within the organization), financial issues, etc.
The third option would be to create a sole compartment to deal with the verification process, a compartment that would employ human resource from both the ECFMG and the EICS. This compartment would deal only with the verification and would have several advantages. First of all, it would eliminate the original problem we had to deal with and, second of all, it would probably increase the efficiency of the compartment, with more employees and a better coordination.

In making the decision, we need to choose between deciding by majority rule and consensus building. In my opinion, in this particular case, it is best to build the appropriate consensus with all party involved. For additional information that…...

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Bibliography

1. Basic Steps in Decision-Making. On the Internet at http://www.boarddevelopment.org/display_document.cfm?document_id=86

Decision Making & Creativity, Power and Influence in the Workplace, and Leadership in Organizations
Creating a platform for leadership that is agile enough to respond quickly to unforeseen events, yet stable enough to ensure team and group solidary is one of the most challenging aspects of any leader's long-term growth. Coupled with the need for having a solid foundation of leadership skills including Emotional Intelligence (EI), situational awareness and transformational leadership (Purvanova, Bono, 2009) is the need for leaders to thoroughly understand power and influence not just in their departments but across their entire organization as well. The five dominant forms of organizational power, ranging from coercive, to reward, legitimate, referent expert and informational power, all must be orchestrated successfully by a manager if challenging, often time-constrained objectives are to be attained (Drea, Bruner, Hensel, 1993). This self-reflection analysis includes insights into specific types of power from the context of…...

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References

Drea, J.T., Bruner, Gordon C.,II, & Hensel, P.J. (1993). Comparing alternative measures of the French and Raven power bases. The Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 13(4), 73.

McShane, S., & Von Glinow, M.A. (2010). Organizational behavior. (sixth ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Purvanova, R.K., & Bono, J.E. (2009). Transformational leadership in context: Face-to-face and virtual teams. Leadership Quarterly, 20(3), 343

decision making tools and techniques whereby 6 Thinking Hats has been chosen as one of its tools. This decision making tool is widely used in the business world of today.
THINKING HATS

DECISION MAKING

Decision making in science and indeed any other field of study is a difficult thing and for this, one needs to understand what are the basic ways in which a decision can be arrived at, without wasting much time and using the best tools and techniques in order to achieve the same. These decisions are very crucial to the outcome of a project but certain things should be kept in mind that information is the single most significant thing in this whole process. Decision-making is indeed a very complex and well-developed area, one that has to be looked at by the researchers and lecturers with particular care. This paper is about the decision-making tools and techniques whereby 6…...

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Works Cited

URL:   Author Unknownhttp://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTED_07.htm .

Best of all, any initiative in these areas, priced fairly for the island natives, delivers significant social value, or economic good for the nation and abodes by Mr. Morale's belief that in the long run, economics drives everything needs to be added to that by doing these core processes well, his company is doing good. The social conscience of Mr. Morales is also clear, and the ability to take the company's respected process-centric approach to problem-solving and apply it to the needs of Kava while at the same time earning a profit is a win/win for both the company and the nation. The concentration on healthcare especially and the development of a pediatrics clinic, potentially even underwritten by the local government for the citizens would also be significant in its contribution and revenue potential.
What Alex and Nik need to do is find broken processes in key areas and set…...

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References

Alstyne, Marshall van, Erik Brynjolfsson, and Stuart Madnick (1997). "The Matrix of Change: A Tool for Business Process Reengineering." MIT Sloan School Working Papers available on the Internet, accessed on February 5, 2007:

 http://ccs.mit.edu/papers/CCSWP189/ccswp189.html 

Alstyne, Marshall van, Erik Brynjolfsson, and Stuart Madnick (1995). "Why Not One Big Database? Principles for Data Ownership." Decision Support Systems 15.4 (1995): 267-284.

The Agenda (2003) - Chapter 4: Put Processes First. The Agenda: What Every Business Must Do to Dominate the Decade. Accessed from Michael Hammer and Company website on February 5, 2007:

Collaborative Decision Making Through Share Governance
I attended a committee meeting at a local school. The committee was formed in order to come up with a proposal on how they could improve the performance of the school. Those who attended the meeting were supposed to see to it that they come up with a proposal on how the performance of the students could be improved. I was quite keen on how the committee members interacted and the process the committee used to arrive at their decisions.

I observed that the committee used both managerial level and group levels in the decision making process. First of all I observe that there were proposals from the management that were forwarded to the committee members. The management of the school had come up with their own measures that would be taken to ensure that the performance of the school would be improved. This had been…...

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References

MountHolyoke.(2009). Skill Building -- Group Decision Making.Retrieved August 29, 2014 from www.soas.ac.uk/admin/.../file37354.pdf

Chand, S. (2010). 4 Techniques for Group Decision Making Process More Effective. Retrieved August 29, 2014 from  http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/management/4-techniques-for-group-decesion-making-process-more-effective/3506/