Decision Making
The strategic decision for Microsoft that will be discussed in the decision to proceed with Windows 8. Launching a new version of a flagship product is always a big decision, and this was no exception. Windows 8 represented a major overhaul of the company's signature product, redesigning the interface in particular with the objective of having it work across multiple technologies (i.e. tablets, laptops) rather than segregating different versions of Windows for different devices, as was the case in the past. This decision made the Windows experience perhaps better for the casual user, but has caused no end of frustration for the power user who uses Windows for work. There are few competitors, but at the same time the strategic decision to court the consumer looking for cat videos has created an opportunity for competition to emerge for the enterprise user.

Now, the author does not sit in on Microsoft…...

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References

Bingham, C., Eisenhardt, K., & Furr, N. (2011). Which strategy when? MIT Sloan Management Review. Fall 2011. 71-79.

Kahneman, D., Lovallo, D. & Sibony, O. (2011). Before you make that big decision. Harvard Business Review. June 2011. 3-13.

Lafley, A. (2009) What only the CEO can do. Harvard Business Review May 2009. 1-9.

Reed, B. (2014). Windows XP's death may not be enough to bail out Windows 8. BGR.com. Retrieved November 6, 2014 from  http://bgr.com/2014/02/04/windows-8-adoption-analysis/

This analysis points to the need to make some merchandise changes, and get our branding allowed with a high level. This takes us away from the major competitors who are beating us, something of a blue ocean strategy (Investopedia, 2014) that allows us to carve out a niche for our business that plays to our strengths. We are good at selling clothes to women at premium prices, and that is our brand image as well. This strategy essentially doubles down on that, whereas the other options all force us to do new things and learn new skills. This option allows us to do what we have always done, but more intensely and with more focus than before.

Implementation therefore will begin with rebranding and merchandising, ensuring that all of our products are high end, differentiated from these competitors. We will need to ensure that we fully understand this market, since we…...

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References

Jones, G.R, & George, J.M., (2008). Contemporary management (5th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill/Irwin.

Investopedia. (2014). Blue ocean strategy. Investopedia. Retrieved April 20, 2014 from  http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blue_ocean.asp

The concept of bounded ethicality raises the possibility that Madoff in fact did not understand that what he was doing was unethical. As an experience hedge fund manager, a rational-thinking Madoff had all the tools to understand the ethics of what he was doing, but bounded ethicality suggests that he may have not fully been able to process the situation. One bound could be a myopic vision of his own wealth, that this was the most important thing and nothing else really needed to be taken into consideration. Another issue could well have been that he felt he was making money for the clients. A client ripped off today would be in a better position tomorrow, to earn some of those returns. Madoff therefore was unable to see the risky situation in which he was putting his clients.

Indeed, cognitive framing can put a person in a position where they do…...

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References

Lenzner, R. (2008). Bernie Madoff's $50 billion Ponzi scheme. Forbes. Retrieved May 8, 2014 from  http://www.forbes.com/2008/12/12/madoff-ponzi-hedge-pf-ii-in_rl_1212croesus_inl.html 

Simcoe, T. (2012). Bounded ethicality. Think Ethically. Retrieved May 8, 2014 from  http://thinkethically.wordpress.com/2012/05/02/bounded-ethicality/

Decision Making, Impulse Control, And Cognitive Development
Cognitive development entails the development in children with respect to processing of information, conceptual resources, skills in perception, learning the language and development of the brain. Piaget and Vygotsky advance theories explain cognitive development in children. These theories are similar in some aspects, yet they still differ about issues (Nakagaki, 2011). Piaget gives four stages to explain cognitive development whereby he advances that each stage brings new skills and methods of information processing. He argues that children have the innate ability to interact with the environment. Moreover, he adds that children adapt responses and incorporate new schemes for handling situations.

Vygotsky argues that cognitive development depends a lot on social interaction. Moreover, proximal development plays a role in development of cognitive skills. He argues that development is too complex to be dividing it into stages. These theories have similarities. For instance, both theories believe that…...

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References

Aronson, J.D. (2007). Brain imaging, culpability, and the juvenile death penalty. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 13(2), 115 -- 142.

Coalition for Juvenile Justice. (2000) Adolescent brain development & juvenile justice fact sheet. Retrieved April 22, 2010, from http://www.act4jj.org/media/factsheets/factsheet_12.pdf

Harm's Way: The Lessons of Youth Violence (review from Week 3)

 http://digital.films.com/play/MQYT5V

The two scenarios are likely to sway employees to provide false information if they are encouraged. However, the relationship had much strength in the positive. Therefore, in this study, there were clear choices. The participants were required to either tell the truth or lie. If things were easy for individuals in the world, lines of making moral decisions tend to be much fuzzier, however, the bottom line remains the same and rules. When making decisions, time to talk to someone or think is likely to assist individuals make decisions that are more ethically sound (Gunia, Wang, Huang, Wang & Murnighan, 2012).

Shin, S., J., Kim, T., Y., Lee, J., Y. & Bian. L. (2012). Cognitive team diversity and individual team member creativity: A cross-level interaction. Academy of Management Journal Volume: 55, Issue: 1, Pages: 197-212

A creative group work brings joy to a firm. Organizations must ensure that their teams act as…...

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References

Bechara, A. (2004). The role of emotion in decision-making: Evidence from neurological patients with orbitofrontal damage. Brain and cognition, 55(1), 30-40

Bridoux, F., Coeurderoy, R., and Durand, R. (2011). Heterogeneous Motives and the Collective

Creation of Value. Academy of Management Review, vol. 36 no. 4 711-730

Connolly, T. & Ordonez, L. 2003. Judgment and Decision Making. Handbook of Psychology.

Be a good example to him. Demonstrate to him good work habits and if possible show to him the incentives and rewards that I achieved from practicing professionalism at work. The advantage to this is that my fellow co-worker can have motivation at work. The disadvantage on the other hand is that he might have a wrong concept and ask the same incentives and rewards from the management despite of his sluggish performance at work.

From the given solutions, I would select the first one. I believe that with communication with the problem co-worker, he can be awaken of his problem.

A plan to implement my solutions step-by-step. I will first implement the best solution that I believe and if it doesn't work effectively, I will implement the next best solutions until I finally succeed in improving my co-worker's professionalism.

The work habit that my co-worker will demonstrate after implementing my solutions can…...

Then, they will have to offer training programs to their staff. Also, they will have to prospect the market and contract designers in order to identify the necessary features of the new line of cars. Finally, they will have to allocate sufficient financial resources for the implementation of their decisions. But what if the company does not possess these resources? They could get them by engaging in downsizing operations. They must then find a most suitable way to communicate the decision to the staff, must get their approval for the changes and must further motivate the remaining personnel to increase their efforts and sustain the organization in reaching its overall goals.
Deciders must have visionary minds in order to foresee the effects of the implemented strategies. Then, they must also support their decisions with not just vague estimates, but also with calculi, empirical evidence and the experience of other similar…...

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References

Brousseau, K.R., Driver, M.J., Hourihan, G., Larsson, R., the Seasoned Executive's Decision-Making Style, Harvard Business Review, Online Version, Retrieved at   March 26, 2008http://www.hbsp.harvard.edu/hbsp/hbr/articles/article.jsp?articleID=R0602F&ml_action=get-article&print=trueon 

Buchanan, L., O'Connell, a., 2006, a Brief History of Decision Making, Harvard Business Review, Volume 84, Issue 1, pp. 32-41

Kotter, J.P., 1996, Leading Change, Harvard Business School Press, 1st edition

SWOT analysis is very instrumental at this stage. One can also employ the use of well structured questionnaires so as to achieve broader and a deeper scrutiny of a problem or situation.
d). Developing options

At this stage one should come up with several probable options to the solution of a problem. Creativity is of essence here since it will help narrow down to the fewer most probable decision options. As the brands manager, I will have to look at the options of repackaging, re-branding, re-labeling, shifting the market focus, changing the product and so many other options that may be on the desk for consideration. At this stage I will use my creativity to close out some options that are further from the solution and concentrate on those that are close to the solution.

e). Evaluating alternatives

Once the alternatives have been narrowed down, then the fewer most probable alternatives are further…...

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References

Business Analysis Made Easy. (2010). Decision making models. Retrieved May 14, 2010 from  http://www.business-analysis-made-easy.com/Decision-Making-Models.html 

Decision-making-confidence.com. (2010). Rational decision making models. Retrieved May 15,

2010 from  http://www.decision-making-confidence.com/rational-decision-making-models.html 

The Happy Manager. (2010). Rational Decision Making Model. Retrieved May 15, 2010 from www.the-happy-manager.com/rational-decision-making-model.html

isk management, although is not essential for Chinese negotiation is also related to the use of intermediaries. Therefore, until the negotiation is done with the most important people to have connections with the issue at hand, there are numerous discussions and negotiation meetings with intermediary people. This is also a technique to reduce surprises at the table of negotiation.

The Japanese risk management system is very peculiar because, as its Asian neighbors, the Japanese rarely take risks. They are very calculated negotiators. The politeness which is often misread, most of the times fails to betray any type of emotion or body language fault. In terms of decisions to be taken, "consistent with the culture-based value of maintaining harmony, the Japanese are likely to be evasive or even leave the room rather than give a direct negative answer. Fundamental to the Japanese culture is a concern for the welfare of the group;…...

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References

Business Management Class Online. Understanding Negotiation Styles. 2010. Available at http://www.businessmanagementclassonline.com/businessmanagement-125-economic-understanding-negotiation-styles.html

Lourie, Jonathan M. Negotiation American Style. The Practical Lawyer. 2002. Available at  http://www.eapdlaw.com/files/News/75be5d11-9333-48e0-9a69-79af66607c66/Presentation/NewsAttachment/18563c26-4a71-4691-adbb-7f3b37226c67/media.148.pdf 

Matano, Kagechika. "Chinese Negotiating Styles: Japan's Experience." Center Occasional Paper Asia-Pacific Center For Security Studies Honolulu, Hawaii December 1998. Available at   Papers/OPChinese.htmhttp://www.apcss.org/Publications/Ocasional 

Decision Making Tool: Cost/Benefit Analysis
The decision making tool to be discussed is a cost/benefit analysis. A cost/benefit analysis generally is used within management to generate solutions to problems and help teams decide what course of action is best based on a set of established criteria. The solutions developed as a result of a cost benefit analysis may or may not prove worthwhile; however they do allow management the opportunity to decide whether or not it is 'worth' their time to invest money and effort into solving or addressing a specific problem or proposition (Mind Tool, 2004).

Cost/Benefit analyses are widely used in many different fields, primarily as a means to determine whether or not change needs to be implemented. The technique generally requires that management decide what the value of a particular change may be or what value a change may add to an organization. It is one of the simplest…...

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References:

CIT. (2004). "IT Cost Benefit Analysis." CIT/NIH Government. 11, November 2004,

http://www.oirm.nih.gov/itmra/cost-benefit.html

"Cost Benefit Analysis" Mind Tool. 11, November,

2004: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTED_08.htm

Decision Making Model
Decision making is an important everyday activity which can have far-reaching implications on personal and business matters. People face challenging situations often that require them to make decisions. These decisions usually follow a pattern that has something to do with an individual's personal values and beliefs. Ethical decision making model is one of the most commonly used models today because it takes into account the interests of others. There are some important steps involved in making an ethical decision. These steps begin with identifying the problem, the issues involved, ethical perspective on it, possible solutions and identifying the best solution.

The Josephson Institute of Ethics gives a model of decision making which involves three key steps. This model states that ethical decisions must be based on the golden rule of "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." (Smith) The model expects people to take into…...

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References

1) Edwin Smith: Three steps to making an ethical decision. Accessed online Feb 25, 2005:  http://techrepublic.com.com/5100-6333-1051262.html 

2) "An Ethical decision making Model" Accessed online Feb 25, 2005  http://soeweb.syr.edu/chs/OnlineField/Ethics/Decision.htm

Decision Making and Organizational Culture Speech
hat is organizational culture? Basically, just like any culture, the organizational culture of a business or a nonprofit is the personality of the organization. Some personality types of organizational cultures has been identified as that of an "academy culture," where employees are highly skilled and tend to stay in the organization, while working their way up the ranks. In contrast, a "baseball team" type of organizational culture is one where employees are free agents in a fast-paced, high-risk environment. (McNamara, 1999)

Another kind of organizational culture has been defined as a "clubby" organizational culture, where the most important requirement for employees is to fit into a group, versus a "fortress" organizational culture where are many opportunities for those with timely, specialized skills n a highly competitive environment. (McNamara, 1999) The fit of the culture to the personality employees and the nature business will determine the organization's…...

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Works Cited

BOLA. (2005) "Business Open Learning Archive." Retrieved 7 Jul 2005 at http://www.brunel.ac.uk/~bustcfj/bola/culture/culture.html

Carrabre, Pat. (1997) "Organizational Life Cycles & Corporate Culture." Organizational Life. Retrieved 7 Jul 2005 at  http://www.brandonu.ca/artsadm/orglife/ 

McNamara, Carter. (1999) "Organizational Culture." Retrieved 7 Jul 2005 at  http://www.mapnp.org/library/org_thry/culture/culture.htm 

Hulpke, M. (2005) "Organizational Cultures and 'the ways things are done around here." Retrieved 7 Jul 2005 at http://home.ust.hk/~mnhulpke/piccul.html

Decision Making
Personal Decision-Making: Deciding to Accept a New Job Offer or Not

Having worked for the same company for over eight years and not having seen a raise in five of those years, it was time to consider options for a new job. The possibility of advancing my career, earning more salary, getting greater levels of professional recognition and learning more in an expanded role in a new company all were the benefits of moving on. The downside was that I had become so engrained in the company I was a member of, and had won performance awards several times, that my role was stable and secure and I would be letting that go. I'd been put onto projects that were going to last for at least three years. While many in the U.S. And global economies searched for security, stability and trust with employers, I had worked my way into…...

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References

Bateman, T., & Snell, S. (2010). Management: Leading & Collaborating on the Competitive World. (p. 784). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Harrison, E.F. (1996). A process perspective on strategic decision making. Management Decision, 34(1), 46-53.

Decision Making
Deciding Whether to Accept a New Career Position or Not

I've been working for the same employer for eight years and have only received one raise. The company is good about providing bonuses and I have an exceptionally high level of freedom, yet I am interested in moving further ahead in my career, earning a higher salary, and getting into a company who has opportunities for advancements. I'd also like to gain greater recognition for the hard work I do and my unique skills in marketing, sales and management.

The dilemma of my decision began when I received a call from a firm in the same industry as the company I work. This firm is very well-known and is a global provider of computing services and IT, and the recruiter contacting me was interviewing for a senior position that would include a significant jump in responsibility and pay. I jumped at…...

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References

Bateman, T., & Snell, S. (2010). Management: Leading & Collaborating on the Competitive World. (p. 784). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Harrison, E.F. (1996). A process perspective on strategic decision making. Management Decision, 34(1), 46-53.

Decision Making
Mind Map Concept Decision Making

Decision making is a process of identifying and choosing the best option among all the available alternatives in a given situation. The purpose of making decision in a particular context is to select an option that can bring the most desirable outcomes for the decision maker or for the people or groups that have a stake in those outcomes (Hardman, 2009). A decision can be as easy as accepting or declining a simple proposal and as complex as planning a strategic investment in a business. Decision making is a cognitive process in which the decision maker has to actively respond to the external environment and evaluate all the alternative choices in order to make an effective decision (Bernstein, 2011).

There are six major concepts that are generally associated with all types of decision making phenomena or processes. These concepts are:

Preliminary Information

Available Alternatives

Decision Criteria

4. Decision Goals

5. Decision…...

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References

Bernstein, D.A. (2011). Essentials of Psychology, 5th edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning

Hardman, D. (2009). Judgment and Decision Making, 1st edition. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell

Maldonato, M. (2010). Decision Making: Towards an Evolutionary Psychology of Rationality, 1st edition. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press

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In our opinion, at this time the most pressing challenge faced by school leaders is safely continuing with student education while also managing the risk of disease posed to people by the current COVID-19 pandemic.  Many school districts immediately scrambled to get technology into place to support distance-learning, but quickly found that while the technology is important for delivery of classroom materials, the technology is only a tool in the hands of educators.  Educators need to be able to teach using the technology, and, if they are unable to do so, they put their students at a disadvantage.

Moving forward,....

A paper that focuses on topics like strategic decision making, strategy, leadership, management control systems, entrepreneurship, or organization changes can take two approaches.  You can thoroughly explain one of the concepts, for example describing that strategic decision making is a method of business planning that looks at long-term goals.  The other approach is to do some sort of case study looking specifically at events to determine how one of those topics either impacted or was impacted by a company’s decision-making process.  So, the first thing you need to do is decide what type of paper....

For several years, healthcare has been an important topic, not just in the world at large, but also in academia.  Healthcare has been one of the fastest growing sectors of our economy, has offered a boom in terms of employment, and is a hot button political issue since access to healthcare remains very class-based in the modern United States.  The COVID-19 pandemic and what it has meant about access to health care and the quality of healthcare that is being provided has only made it that much more important to focus on