Data Collection, Analysis, And Measurement Elements
Identify data collection, analysis, measurement elements studies. Limit box sentences attached document. 1. Accuracy reliability instruments 2. Statistical analytic methods Note. Not studies elements, element addressed.

Data Collection Elements

Observation method

This method is used concurrently with quantitative methods but, it is said to be comparatively entailing. As a method of gathering information, it gathers more information and has a validating aspect that these other methods lack. By observation method, - a researcher - is in a position to resolve differences that may be present of be appearing in a study. Observation also allows researcher gather information that would otherwise be unavailable. In the case of the dance_of_ the call_bells, the observed disconnect as far as the call bells goes is not obtainable with required objectivity other than through observation.

Observations made clearly brought to light the notion that matters concerning the call bells were an everyday occurrence. The…...

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Reference

Desimone, L.M., & Kerstin Carlson Le, F. (2004). Are We Asking the Right Questions? Using Cognitive Interviews to Improve Surveys in Education Research. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 26(1), 1-22.

Data Collection Tool
Part Four Design a data collection tool aggregate population. Make tool elements: Demographics --, birth date, ethnicity, sex, education level, the questions created Part One feel apply Two additional questions consistent goals Healthy People 2020 Data reliable sources answer questions asked (MY aggregate population Hispanic Gay population Jackson Heights, NY.

Data collection tool: Structured interview

Demographics

What is your name?

When you were born? Were you born in the U.S.

How do you define your ethnicity? What were the ethnic and religious origins of your parents?

With what gender do you identify with?

What is your educational background and how would you describe your profession?

Q6. How do you identify your sexual orientation?

Q7. When did you know that your sexual orientation was not heterosexual?

Additional questions

Q8. Do you feel that the political interests of gay men are represented?

While the recent decision in favor of allowing gay people to marry and the prominence of many 'out' politicians in…...

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References

HIV. (2012). Healthy People 2020. Retrieved:

 http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=22 

Lesbian, gay, bisexual health. (2012). Healthy People 2020. Retrieved:

 http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=25

This reduces response bias for better reliability of the information gathered and a higher anticipated response rate for an adequate sample size. A one month time frame gives better assurance of an appropriate response rate adequate analysis of results.
Research Questions

Patient wait time: How long did you wait before being register? < 5 min, 5 min, 10 min, longer

How long did you wait to be called after being registered? < 5 min, 5 min, 10 min, longer

Once called, how long did it take to see the Doctor? < 5 min, 5 min, 10 min, longer

Staff friendliness: How would you rate friendliness of staff? Very unfriendly, somewhat unfriendly, somewhat friendly, friendly, very friendly

How would you rate helpfulness of staff? Very unhelpful, somewhat unhelpful, helpful, somewhat helpful, very helpful

Rate the quality of time staff provided: hurried, inattentive, took time to listen to concerns

Treatment: Were treatment options available? Yes, no

Were treatment options explained?…...

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Bibliography

Keough V.A. & Tanabe, P. (2011 Jan). Survey Research: An effective design for conducting nursing research. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 1(4), 37-44.

Data Collection in the Field of Human Services
In the history of science and research, collecting data has always been based on empiricism. Collecting information that can be easily verifiable and validated, through means that are repeatable and information based on scientific experiments. In the field of Human Services information is collected in many different ways such as observation, questionnaire, longitudinal studies and other methods of collecting data that are newer to the world science. There are two basic techniques that are utilized for collecting data in the field of human services, qualitative methods and quantitative methods of collecting data. In this paper I will discuss qualitative methods and quantitative methods for collecting research in this field. I will also discuss how quantitative methods are utilized.

Quantitative method of collecting data allows the researcher to collect information utilizing mathematical models, utilizing theories and hypothesis. This method is often used to test theories…...

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Reference

Fisher, C.B. (2003). Decoding the ethics code: A practical guide for psychologists. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Data collection and analyses are important processes in research because of their role in determine research findings. The collection of data can simply be described as the process of gathering information in order to capture quality evidence that is in turn used for data analysis. On the other hand, data analysis entails measuring the collected information on variables of interest in order to develop a convincing and reliable answer to the specific research questions. Therefore data collection and analysis helps a researcher in answering the established research questions as well as test hypotheses and assess outcomes. These two processes play a vital role in maintaining the integrity of the study and providing valuable findings and outcomes.
The process of data collection and analysis is multifaceted, which implies that researchers should be very careful when conducting these processes in order to achieve the best possible results and/or outcomes. Some of the most…...

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Work Cited

Rabinowitz, Phil, and Stephen B. Fawcett. "Section 5. Collecting and Analyzing Data." Chapter 37. Operations in Evaluating Community Interventions. Work Group for Community Health and Development at the University of Kansas., n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2015. .

446). Again, since data collection methods are relevant to specific research studies based on their questions, hypotheses, and literature reviews, this funneling of "phenomena of interest" should ideally suit most research studies -- so long as the those methods are tailored to meet a particular study. When researchers have narrowed down certain characteristics or behaviors that they are looking to observe in their study, they can do with a variety of technological applications for auditory or visually recording their sample participants, and do in increments with measures such as rating scales or checklists -- each of which allows a researcher to denote how much of what he or she is looking for is actually being observed.
Measurement, the assigning of numeric values to certain attributes identified and researched within a study, is an integral component of gauging how much of a particular characteristic one is able to observe, either through…...

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References

Chowdhurry, J., Reardon, J., Srivastava, R. (1998). "Alternative modes of measuring store image: An empirical assessment of structured vs. unstructured measures." Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice. 6 (2): 72-86.

Golafshani, N. (2003). "Understanding validity and reliability in qualitative research." The Qualitative Report. 8(4): 597-607. Retrieved from  http://peoplelearn.homestead.com/medhome/qualitative/reliab.validity.pdf 

Kimberlin, C.L, Winterstein, a.G. (2008). "Validity and reliability of measurement instruments in research." AM J. Health Syst Pharmacy. 65: 2276-2284. Retrieved from  http://www.ashpfoundation.org/MainMenuCategories/ResearchResourceCenter/FosteringYoungInvestigators/AJHPResearchFundamentalsSeries/KimberlinArticle.aspx 

Levine, H.G., Gallimore, R., Weisner, T.S., Turner, J.L. (1980). "Teaching participant-observation research methods: a skills building approach." Anthropology and Education Quarterly. 11(1): 38-54.

Data Collection Tool Aggregate
Objective of this paper is to design the data collection tool to be used for the aggregate population. The study uses both survey and semi-structure interview as the data collection tools. The survey is used to collect demographic background of the participants while the study uses the semi-structured interview to collect the health issues of participants.

Data Collection Technique Used

This study uses the mixed method as data collection tool for the aggregate population. The mixed method will combine the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative data collection method to understand the aggregate population. The survey technique is a data collection-gathering tool used to collect data from large population. The quantitative research often uses a survey technique to collect data, and the descriptive statistics are used for the analysis. The results are presented in tables, graphs and charts. A major benefit of survey technique for a data collection…...

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Finer, L.B. & Zolna, M.R. (2011). Unintended Pregnancy in the United States: Incidence and Disparities, 2006. Contraception. 84(5): 478 -- 4850.

Harden, A. Brunton, G. Fletcher, A et al. (2009). Social Disadvantage, Teenage Pregnancy and Systematic Review Integrating Controlled Trials and Qualitative Studies. BMJ: 339:b4254.

USDHHS, (2009). Healthy People 2020: Child and Adolescent Health.USA.

By assigning the numerical value to all data, researcher is able to present data in tables, graph and chart to assist the presentation of the research findings. In addition, the data presented are used to compare the performances of the experimental group and control group. The graph, chart, and table are also used to make comparison of the two groups.
Curricular Innovation Development

The findings of the research seek to improve the curriculum of the preschool children. The innovation in the curriculum of the preschool is very important because children are eager learn new things at preschool age, and their learning abilities depend on the encouragement from the parents and the environment. Thus, the findings of the research seek to enhance innovation on the method the preschool children are handled at the day-care centre. Typically, there are still scanty of research on the impact of motivation on the preschool children. The…...

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References

Lutz, M.N. Fantuzzo, J. & McDermott, P. (2002). Multidimensional Assessment of Emotional and Bahavioral Adjustment problems of Low-income Preschool children: Development and Validation. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 17, 338-355.

McKechnie, L.E.F (2000). Ethnographic Observation of Preschool Children. Library & Information Science Research, 22(1):61 -- 76.

Merrell, K.W. (1994). The Preschool and Kindergarten Behavioral Scales . Brandon, VT: Clinical Psychology Publishing.

Taylor-Powell, E. & Steele, S. (1996). Collecting Evaluation Data: Direct Observation. Program Development and Evaluation. University of Wisconsin Extension.

data collection methods employed study. Is relation element? Use references readings data collection methods address questions: •What data collection methods study? Justify .
Data Collection Methods as applied in the study

The study was carried out to help identify the global changes in the business world, and how organizations are adjusting themselves to the changes (Gouws, & Shuttleworth, 2009). It is undeniable that with the many changes, a lot of information, and especially financial information, is in circulation. This information needs to be processed, understood, and analyzed for it to make sense to the targeted users.

For the study, a qualitative approach was used. First, an empirical research was carried out to provide theoretical information that would form the basis of the study. For this to be successful, interviews were conducted with relevant personalities. Information from the interviews was later used to create questionnaires. These questionnaires were supposed to help collect views…...

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References

Russ, M. (2010). Knowledge Management Strategies for Business Development. Florida: Idea Group Inc.

Gouws, D.G., & Shuttleworth, C.C. (2009). Financial literacy: an interface between financial information and decision-makers in organisations. Southern African Business Review, 13(2), 141-165.

data collection (people, researcher, institutional, event problems)?
Unfortunately, there are a number of common problems that routinely occur when scientists or professionals are attempting to collect data for a specific study. These problems usually revolve around four integral elements for a study -- those that pertain to people or subjects involved within the study, the researchers themselves, institutional problems, as well as problems with specific events that take place during the research. Although it is best to go about the process of conducting a study by adhering to any number of scientific methods, one of the most common problems occurs when researchers do not adhere to a specific methodology that is backed by a concrete research theory. This omission can happen for a variety of reasons and, although not all of them are necessarily planned, it is still a common problem during the data collection phase of several studies.

It is…...

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References

No author. (2005). "Data Collection." Responsible Conduct of Research. Retrieved from http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/n_illinois_u/datamanagement/dctopic.html

No author. (2011). "The importance of quality sample size." Unite For Sight. Retrieved from  http://www.uniteforsight.org/global-health-university/importance-of-quality-sample-size#_ftn2 

Lunsford, T.R., Lunsford, B.R. (2005). "Research forum -- The research sample, part I: Sampling." American Academy of Orthotists & Prosthetists. Retrieved from http://www.oandp.org/jpo/library/1995_03_105.asp

Whitney, C.W., Lind, B.K., Wahl, P.W. (1998). Quality assurance and quality control in longitudinal studies. Epidemiologic Reviews, 20 (1): 71-80.

data collection for phenomenological research done? State the method then explain/Illustrate.
Phenomenological research is grounded in the personal and subjective perspective. It falls into the larger category of qualitative research which is not theory-driven, but rather discovers the relationships among phenomena. (Patton, 2002). Phenomenological research can be considered inductive in nature as it moves from the specific to the general, unlike positivist experimental research which begins with general theories and tests specific hypotheses in a deductive fashion (Patton, 2002). Phenomenological research is field-based and requires the researcher to make observations which are analyzed for emerging themes (Patton, 2002).

What 5 key factors determine whether to use qualitative research or quantitative research? Explain.

Qualitative methods are used when researchers are interested in the meanings of human experiences rather than measurements of manifestations of human experience (Patton, 2002). Qualitative methods are useful when it is important to get a holistic picture of a phenomenon…...

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References

Creswell, J.W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE

data collection tool that can be used with your aggregate population. Make sure the tool contains the following:
• Demographics -- name, birth date, ethnicity, sex, education level, and so forth

• The questions that you came up with in Part One and any others that you feel would apply

• Two additional questions that would be consistent with the goals of Healthy People 2020

• Data from reliable sources that answers each of the questions you asked

Include data points with two levels of data for each -- if you cannot find two points, a data gap exists.

The aggregate population is sa sample from Belle Glade Community who are predominantly blacks, Hispanics, and immigrants who have a high level of preventable diseases. The health problem that most interest me is that most of the males aggregate that lives in this area suffer from HIV / AIDS.

Demographic Questions

What is your age?

20-40

40+

What is the highest…...

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References

Hogben M, McNally T, McPheeters M, et al. (2007) The effectiveness of HIV partner counseling and referral services in increasing identification of HIV-positive individuals: a systematic review. Am J. Prev Med, 33, S89-100.

CDC. (2008) Recommendations for partner services programs for HIV infections, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydial infection. MMWR; 57, 1-83.

Marks G, Crepaz N, Janssen RS, et al. (2006) Estimating sexual transmission of HIV from persons aware and unaware that they are infected with the virus in the U.S.A. AIDS, 20(10):1447-50.

Observations

Observations are possibly the oldest scientific tool around. Likely, too, it is the cheapest method, and, in a manner of speaking (depending on the length of time of the observation), the least time-consuming. Certainly, it is the easiest. Observations are also more direct than questionnaires or experimental method in that they do not require the subjects to respond to written (or verbal) questions, nor attempt to persuade them to do so, nor, likewise, to gather in rarefied situations to respond to stimuli presented (usually) under certain constraints with much preparation done beforehand.

Observation in psychology today is less used than it used to be. It focuses more on the covert, cognitive aspects of human functioning, and, otherwise, assumes the term 'ethology' where it observes behavior in natural settings and aims to exert little or minimum experimental control over the subject/s. Observation has the advantage of the other methods in that it…...

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Sources

Blaxter, l., Hughes, C., & Tight, M. (1996). How to research. Phil: Open Univ. Press,

Breakwell, G., Hammond, S., & Fife-Schaw, C. (2000). Research methods in psychology. London: SAGE

data collection (e.g., focus groups, surveys, experiments) used in the literature of your Final Project. Then describe one benefit and one limitation of each method of data collection.
uman trafficking: Literature and methodology review

One of the most difficult aspects of studying human trafficking is that even international authorities that collect data on the phenomenon acknowledge the impossibility of finding authoritative sources on how often it occurs. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has stated that such a "statistical goal may prove to be unachievable...[and] a 2005 report by the International Labor Organization said that there were approximately 12,300,000 victims in forced labor in the world (ILO, 2005), while Bales (2005) offered an estimate of 27 million" (Loring, Engstrom, illard & Dias 2007:1). The UN does state with some authority that "the majority of persons trafficked are female, perhaps nearly 80%" (Loring, Engstrom, illard & Dias 2007:1)

Quantitative analysis pertaining…...

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However, within the limits of what accurate quantitative analysis is available, some aspects of the practice have been illuminating. For example, the female nature of trafficking highlights the predominance of the sex industry in fueling the economic demand for trafficking. The increase in trafficking in recent years is linked not simply to globalization but also to the growing economic chasm between the 'haves' and the 'have-nots' of the developed world and the developing world, creating conditions for exploitation. However, the extent to which possibly incomplete data can be used to support policy changes may not be motivating for governments that have a personal, vested PR interest in denying the extent to which trafficking takes place. In China, only 147 suspected traffickers were arrested in 2007, even though the extent of the crime is far wider, according to virtually all outside estimates, including the UN (Lagon 2008).

Quantitative and statistical analysis, even when the limits of data collection are acknowledged, can also highlight how best to help women who are trafficked. For example, a survey of women who were ultimately liberated from their captors found that 28% of trafficked women saw a health care professional while they were still in captivity, suggesting an important role that healthcare providers can play in stopping trafficking (Dovydaitis 2011). Thus, even though quantitative analysis may be limited in its accuracy in all instances, when used in a specific and targeted manner, it can yield surprising, even stereotype-busting results. This type of quantitative data, amassed from a smaller organization, may ultimately be more illuminating than the wide-scale data collection used by the UN when designing laws and intervention programs. Critics of current trafficking laws in the U.S. contend that current policies make it too difficult for victims to prove they have been victims and obtain the necessary visa to remain in the U.S. (Dovydaitis 2011).

Qualitative surveys or interviews can also yield evidence about the best ways to prevent trafficking. The advantage of qualitative

data collection to solve the problems arising from the impact of mass media on terrorism following the reviewing of the case study titled "Threat of Terrorism: Weighing Public Safety in Seattle." (Lundberg, 2002 p 1).
The case discusses the possibility of terrorist attack at Seattle following the arrest of the essam at the U.S.-Canadian border for the possession of the explosive bomb. The follow-up investigation reveals that assam was connected with some terrorist groups. However, Mayor Schell had already organized a grand plan for the celebration of millennium, New Year's Eve at Seattle. Meanwhile, the problem of the terrorist attack heightened because of the media contributions to the terrorist threats at Seattle. The mass media are the major agents that promote the act of terrorism globally. Following the arrest of essam, mass media quickly fueled the public fears of imminent act of terrorism on Seattle and other cities in the…...

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Reference

Altheide, D.L. (2007). The mass media and terrorism. Discourse & Communication, 1(3), 287-308.

Brikci, N. & Green, J. (2007). A Guide to using Qualitative Research Methodology. London: Sage

Lundberg, K.(2002). Threat of Terrorism: Weighing Public Safety in Seattle. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.

Manuel, R. & Torres, S. (2008). Terrorism and the Mass Media after Al Qaeda: A Change of Course? Athena Intelligence Journal, 3( 1): 1-20.

Sure! I can certainly help you with creating a research proposal and outline for your college paper on educational reform. Here is an example of how you can structure your proposal and outline, including proper spacing:

Research Proposal:

Title: Examining the Effectiveness of Educational Reform Initiatives in Enhancing Student Achievement

I. Introduction
A. Background and Context
B. Problem Statement
C. Research Questions
D. Significance of the Study

II. Literature Review
A. Overview of Educational Reform
B. Key Concepts and Theories
C. Previous Studies and Findings

III. Methodology
A. Research Design
B. Data Collection Methods
C. Sample Selection
D. Data Analysis Techniques

IV. Expected Results
A. Hypotheses
....

Sure! Here is a sample research proposal and outline for a college paper on educational reform:

Research Proposal: Exploring the Impact of Educational Reform on Student Achievement and Equity

I. Introduction
A. Background of the study
1. Briefly discuss the current state of the education system
2. Highlight the need for educational reform
B. Problem statement
1. Identify the key problems within the system that require reform
2. Discuss the negative consequences of these problems on student achievement and equity
C. Research question
- How does educational reform impact student achievement and promote equity in the education system?
D. Objectives
1. Investigate....

To help make the internet safer, we can take the following measures:

1. Strengthen password security:
- Use strong and unique passwords for each online account.
- Consider using a password manager to securely store and generate passwords.
- Enable two-factor authentication whenever possible.

2. Educate users about phishing and malware:
- Raise awareness about common phishing techniques and the importance of not clicking on suspicious links or opening attachments from unknown sources.
- Promote the use of reliable antivirus software and regularly update it.

3. Encourage responsible online behavior:
- Teach users about the potential consequences of sharing personal information online.
-....

Sure! Here is a suggested topic for an IBDP Extended Essay in Physics:

Title: Investigating the Efficiency of Renewable Energy Sources: Comparing Solar Panels and Wind Turbines

Abstract: This extended essay aims to investigate the efficiency of two prominent renewable energy sources, namely solar panels and wind turbines. The project will involve a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing the efficiency of each energy source, including geographical location, weather conditions, and technological advancements. Data will be collected through simulations, experiments, and case studies of existing installations. The findings will contribute to understanding the potential of solar panels and wind turbines as reliable....