Part 1: Curriculum Plan
Paterson Public School is one of the most diverse school districts in New Jersey with the main goal of educating children and young people in the region. The focus of this school district is to help children and young people from diverse backgrounds and settings to become proficient in their various fields of study. An important aspect towards achieving this goal is ensuring the professional development and enhancing instructional leadership of teachers. Similar to other school districts, teachers in this school district are required to identify and utilize suitable teaching strategies that help in enhancing the learning outcomes of all students. As an English language teacher to English Second Language (ESL) students, a critical aspect towards enhancing the proficiency of these students in this language is developing a curriculum plan. The curriculum plan provides a suitable framework and learning activities that helps in enhancing these students’ mastery…...

Running Head: Paterson Public schools Curriculum plan and integrated unit Paterson Public schools Curriculum plan and integrated unit 8Paterson Public schools Curriculum plan and integrated unitPart 1: Curriculum PlanMission: To ensure all pupils are equipped to perform successfully in their higher educational institution of choice, and in the profession they choose to pursueVision: To be at the forefront of urban youth education in New Jersey (Paterson Public Schools, 2018)How the curriculum plan complements the mission goals and outcomes for the Paterson, New Jersey districtPriority I: Efficient Academic Programs Pupils enrolled in the districts schools can become high achievers, thanks to its sincere commitment to ensuring student readiness for university and professional life. Paterson continually implements an extensive range of high-impact student attainment interventions for achieving improved graduation rates and examination scores, and ensuring pupils acquire mastery over the latest learning skills.Goal 1: Improving performance levels- A twenty percentage-point growth is…...

The third step is creating which is doing. It is taking action on what you find, what you suspect, what you think will make a difference. The last step is confirming. In this stage, you are evaluating your efforts, learning from feedback, and starting the cycle again.
6. Define "data-driven" decision making.

Data driven decision making uses student assessment data and relevant background information, to inform decisions related to planning and implementing instructional strategies at the district, school, classroom, and individual student levels. Data literacy consists of a person possessing a basic understanding of how data can be used to inform instruction. Studies have often shown that if instructional plans at the state, county, district, school, classroom, and individual student levels are based on assessment information relevant to the desired learning outcomes for students, the probability is increased that they will attain these desired learning outcomes.

Data from a variety of sources…...

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References

Allen, Janet. (2004). Tools for Teaching Content Area Literacy. Stenhouse Publishers: Tyler

Kowalski, T.J., Lasley II, T.J., and Mahoney, J.W. (2008). Data-driven decisions and school leadership: Best practices for school improvement. Pearson: Boston.

Parkay, F.W., Anctil, E. and, Hass, G. (2010). Curriculum leadership: Readings for developing quality educational programs, 9th Edition, Allyn and Bacon: Needham Heights,

Massachusetts.

Negative feedbacks and criticisms cannot be avoided at this point, especially upon knowing that it is necessary for them to undergo training on how this program will be implemented, including its advantages for them as teachers.
Educators, especially those who have been practicing the profession for a long time have a greater tendency to abhor going through the learning process once more. As a principal, they should be encouraged to undergo the learning process again and become students, therefore, joining their trainings would promote confidence in learning new ideas once more.

As the teachers become students, the idea of the students becoming teachers at some point upon the implementation of the program would somehow alleviate their fear of integrating the use of technology in their learning process. ithin the 30 minutes math lad, they should be allowed to explore the program and share among their classmates what they have learned and…...

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Works Cited

Franklin, J. (2002) the Importance of Instructional Leadership. The Necessary Principal.

Allen, R. (2002) Honing the Tools of Instruction: How Research Can Improve Teaching for the 21st Century.

Shu-Sheng, L. (2004) Considerations for developing constructivist Web-based learning. International Journal of Instructional Media.

Curriculum
The learning and skills sector (LSS) is an Essential part of educational development in the United Kingdom. For many years this educational program faltered and was not taken seriously. However in recent years Legislators in the UK have dedicated a great deal of time and resources to improving LSS. According to Maxwell (2009)

The Learning and Skills Sector (LSS) in England is diverse, comprising further education (FE) colleges, sixth-form colleges, personal and community development learning and work-based training and learning in other adult settings such as prisons and the uniformed services. Over the last 15 years the sector has moved from a position of 'benign neglect' (Young et al. 1995, 7) to being placed 'at the forefront of UK's attempt to raise its skill profile' (Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills, and Department for Children, Schools and Families 2007, 3). Developing the workforce needed to support this ambitious agenda became one…...

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Works Cited

Curriculum for diversity guide. Retrieved January 4, 2011 from: http://shop.niace.org.uk/media/catalog/product/C/u/Curriculum-for-Diversity-Guide.pdf

Fisher, R., and Webb, K. (2006) Subject specialist pedagogy and initial teacher training for the learning and skills sector in England: the context, a response and some critical issues. Journal of Further and Higher Education. 30(4), 337 -- 349

Foundation Learning Curriculum for adults. Retrieved January 4, 2011 from:

http://readingroom.skillsfundingagency.bis.gov.uk/sfa/adult_flc_-_factsheet_-_april_10_-_final.doc

(a new history of Iraq)
Psychologically, it is very difficult for them to believe that Islamic believers, meaning Arabs in this case have lost wars with the infidels. Islam is the religion of victors and one day, God willing Islam will rule the world is their belief. This is what leads Sheikh Abdul Settar Jabber head of the Muslim Awareness Association; a leading Sunni group to feel that the entire role of the schools should be changed to one that trains students in Islamic law and in how to be good Muslims. (a new history of Iraq) This is the psychological reaction of a child which when frightened hides near its mother and in this case is hiding within its language. The curriculum of Arabs has to reflect what their culture tells them, and religion is a very important part of their culture along with their language.

4. Future for Curriculum…...

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References

Eaglesfield School" Retrieved at Accessed on 21 July, 2005http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/sie/si/SfCC/.

Al-Khatib, Mahmoud a. (2000) "The Arab World: Language and Cultural Issues" Language

Culture and Curriculum. Volume: 13; No: 2; pp: 121-125. Retrieved at   Accessed on 21 July, 2005 new history of Iraq" (25 November, 2003) Retrieved at  http://education.guardian.co.uk/schoolsworldwide/story/0,14062,1092208,00.html . Accessed on 21 July, 2005http://www.channelviewpublications.net/lcc/013/lcc0130121.htm .

Neyman, Julia. (24 August, 2004) "Colleges embrace homeland security curriculum" USA

" (Hunzicker, 2004) in fact Hunzicker states that changing a teacher's beliefs makes a requirement of new information presented repeatedly to the point that the teacher "begins to feel disequilibrium between current beliefs and new information." (2004) Leading curriculum change in the school is often difficult and requires that the principal ensure a continuous and ongoing dialogue concerning the necessary changes and the positive impacts that these changes will bring about.
RECOMMENDED STRATEGY: The strategy recommended for bringing Mrs. Nagal around to the changes in curriculum that are necessary and required involve first speaking with the teacher and discovering what it is about these curriculum changes that she is so set against and then mitigating the fears and trepidations of this teacher. Bringing Mrs. Nagal more firmly into the curriculum change process is advised and this can be accomplished by appointing Mrs. Nagal as lead over some aspect of the curriculum…...

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Works Cited

Hunzicker, Jan (2004) the Beliefs-Behavior Connection: Leading Teachers Toward Change. Principal. November/December 2004. www. Naesp.org

Teachers will need to look at process models for implementing these two approaches to achieve the benefits of both outcome-based education which emphasizes what students are expected to learn as well as open-ended education which encourages teachers to create a positive learning experience for the student. The former is best served by technical-scientific approaches while the later is best accomplished by nontechnical-nonscientific approaches. Fortunately, the approaches do appear to be complimentary more so than conflicting ideologies as positioned by some.
Therefore, teachers should seek out an integrative approach to their curriculum development approaches that weds process models. Practically speaking, this will mean striking a balance between student-centered and subject-centered curriculum and forming measurable expectations for the general student population as well as the flexibility to aim for highly individualized expectations that are unique to each student and that may be more subjectively assessed. and, of course, a broader community will…...

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Bibliography

Curriculum development. http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:JfY-Nw6yUmgJ:people.coe.ilstu.edu/malorber/411/Notes/07%2520curr%2520devel%252010-29-04.doc+Noye%27+%22curriculum+development%22+deliberation&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us

Ornstein & Hunkins (2003). Curriculum: Foundations, principles, and issues (4th ed). Boston: Allyn and Becon.

Ritz, J. Curriculum development.  http://www.odu.edu/~jritz/oted885/ntg8.shtml

Students, by seeing that a concept can unite so many different aspects of an idea are better able to draw connections between what is learned in the classroom and subjects that are common to their daily lives.
For example, take the broad curricular concept of 'travel.' The most obvious application of this concept is in a literature class, where students can learn about travel from stories about other lands, or about people traveling over the course of a story. But students can also apply the concept to math class, as they learn to budget for a trip, and calculate the speeds of various modes of transportation. They can learn about the science of how trains and planes are propelled, as well as research the weather conditions and geography of a possible destination. They can learn about the different people, cultures, religions, and wildlife of a land, and even create art…...

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Works Cited

Gail G. Muir & Sally S. Blake. "Foundations of Collaboration." (2006). The Professional

Organizational Development Network in Higher Education. Retrieved 19 Jan 2007 at  http://teaching.uchicago.edu/pod/muir.html .

What is concept-based curriculum?" (18 Jun 1998) District 118 Curriculum Design. Retrieved 19 Jan 2007 at http://www.d118.s-cook.k12.il.us/central/curriculum/what.html#generalization

Ornstein, Alan C. & Francis Hunkins. (1998). Curriculum: Foundations, Principles, and Issues. 3rd Edition, Allyn and Bacon.

In the example provided, the teacher could explain that homework assignments will allow them to learn more about how life in Ancient Greece and ome influenced modern customs and practices, and the purpose of homework assignments is to break the information they are learning into smaller chunks so they do not have to memorize or learn too much information at once, which might become overwhelming. Knowing this, students are more likely to take time to complete assignments. A teacher can encourage the student to utilize a separate assignment notebook for each subject they are studying, and track daily assessments of what they learned in class about their study of Ancient ome and Ancient Greece. This employs the technique of practice, which enforces student's ability to write well and apply scientific method or logical analysis to information they learn in class. Students may for example, be encouraged to make notes alongside…...

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References

Marzano, R.J., Gaddy, B.B., & Dean, C. (2000). What works in classroom instruction?

Aurora, CO: Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning.

Marzano, R.J. (1998). A theory-based meta-analysis of research on instruction. McEd. Accessed 7, May 2007:

http://www.mcrel.org/PDF/Instruction/5992TG_What_Works.pdf

Human relations are vital. Teachers must trust each other, there must be norms that support productive criticism, and there must be techniques in place for combining and resolving disputes. Arrangements need to be in place that generates discussion for problem identification and decision making. These arrangements could be things such as normal team meetings amid teachers at the same grade level or department meetings within high schools and middle schools. Frequently useful are school connections to inside and outside sources of knowledge and scrutiny coupled to a readiness to learn from such sources. Also, schools must work to secure the power to proceed with actions that might go against existing policies and practices. By doing this they master the micro-politics of their districts and their communities.
In schools where circumstances to maintain collaborative problem solving are not in place, leaders must expertly manage two plans at the same time. They…...

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References

Adkins, D. (1990). The Relationship between visionary Leadership and instructional leadership behavior of secondary school principals: regression analysis and hermeneutic

Balsamo, M. (2004). Assessing principal practices in a standards-based environment and examining the association between principal practices and student achievement.

Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.

Bialystok, E. (2001). Bilingualism in development: language, literacy and cognition. New York: Cambridge University Press.

1)
Alignment Procedure

As Popham (2006) makes clear, choosing the best instruments for program is reliant on how well the instrument is aligned with the goals of the program and the school. To achieve this objective I recommend instituting a task forced charged with the responsibility of working with teachers to develop a set of both short-term and long-term goals.

In regard to alignment with long-term goals, our program evaluation designers and analysts need to be fully aware that their objectives must be fully attainable, fully supportive of national standards objectives, and consistent with the long-term objectives of the teachers and the school. Goal-setting by faculty does not mean that they can do whatever they want to do. The leaders of this evaluation process must remember that in the end they have the responsibility for ensuring that all objectives are consistent, and for approving their subordinates' objectives. This means being continually on…...

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References

Fitzpatrick, J. Sanders, J. & Worthen, B (2003). Program evaluation: Alternative approaches and practical guidelines. (3rd ed.) Allyn & Bacon.

Garret, J.E. & Holcomb, S. (2005, Fall) Meeting the needs of Immigrant students with limited English ability, International Education 35, 49-62

Hays, D.G. (2008). Assessing multicultural competence in counselor trainees: A review of instrumentation and future directions. Journal of Counseling and Development, 86, (1), 95-101.

Krashen, S. (1985) Principles and practice in second language acquisition, Oxford: Pergamon

Lesson Plan Using Understanding by Design Framework
A creative approach is critical in embedding innovative problem solving, embedding opportunity for inquiry as well as enhancing critical thinking for deep discipline knowledge. When curriculum is to be coherent, and cohesive across multiple grades, the assessment protocols should establish the degree of success and integrate the curricular unit to enhance the desired learning outcomes. The UbD provides an effective framework that assists in addressing the aforementioned key issues. In the U.S. educational system, successful learning outcome requires an integration of meaningful assessment, and contents coupled with effective pedagogy. However, the ability to develop cohesive and coherent curriculum has become overwhelming to experienced school teachers, obviously, the issue creates a barrier to student's efficient learning. Thus, UbD (Understanding by Design) has been identified as the effective tool that overcomes these barriers by providing practical and concise guidance for both inexperienced and experienced teachers. Typically,…...

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Reference

Roth, D. (2007). Understanding by Design: A Framework for Effecting Curricular Development and Assessment. Cell Biology Education, 6(2), 95-97. doi:10.1187/cbe.07-03-0012.

curriculum content that implements strategies and methods that enhance language acquisition. This is done in light of the relevant theories that surround the proper development of linguistics in kindergarten children from vast socio-cultural backgrounds.
The teaching of linguistics to Kindergarten children is indicated by Ellis and McCartney (2011) to be quite a challenge. This is more dominant for the wide range of linguistic diversity as well as literacy development that exists within the 21st century classroom setting (p.44). This challenge is most common among pre-service teachers and the diversity in linguistics is noted to transcend continents as in never limited to the United States (Gerald and Hussar,2003). The diversity is noted to be present in other places that bear the same demographic trends as noted by Portes and umabaut (2001).In this paper we develop a curriculum content that implements strategies and methods that enhance language acquisition.

Strategies and methods

Most people would…...

curriculum books have been written since the turn of the [20th] century; each with a different version of what 'curriculum' means (Ackerman, 1988). I define classroom curriculum design as the sequencing and pacing of content along with the experiences students have with that content. My use of the qualifier classroom is important. By definition, I am considering those decisions regarding sequencing, pacing, and experiences that are the purview of the classroom teacher. Some aspects of curricular design are addressed at the school level if, in fact, a school has a guaranteed and viable curriculum. egardless of the direction provided by the school (or district), individual teachers still need to make decisions regarding curricular design at the classroom level given the unique characteristics of their students. Indeed, in a meta-analysis involving 22 studies, Anderson, (2003) found a strong relationship between a student's knowledge and experience with content and the type…...

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References

Ackerman, P.L. (1988). Determinants of individual differences during skill acquisition: Cognitive abilities and information processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117(3), 288-318.

Anderson, J. (2003). The architecture of cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Anderson, J. (2009). Rules of the mind. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Brooks, C. (2000). Knowledge management and the intelligence community. Defense Intelligence Journal, 9(1), 15-24.

Anderson, J.R., & Fincham, J.M. (2004). Acquisition of procedural Skills from Examples. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 20(6), 1322-1340.

1. In todays rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, the role of nurses has become increasingly crucial in providing high-quality patient care. As a result, nursing education programs, especially at the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) level, must constantly adapt and innovate to ensure that graduates are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to meet the demands of the profession. One key component of a well-rounded nursing education curriculum is the essay introduction, which plays a vital role in setting the stage for the topics that will be discussed throughout the program. By providing a strong foundation and clear direction....

1. Paragraph:

2. Background Information on Nursing Education Curriculum Planning for BSN Programs: