Cultural Values and Ethics -- As the global economy becomes more of a reality, and as various developing countries increase the amount of business they do with developed countries, many cultural issues arise. Doing business is not the same worldwide, and as citizens of a global village, we must realize that there are different cultural norms and behaviors that are acceptable in some countries, unacceptable in others, and even expected in some. International companies are being pressurized by different groups of people, mainly from their stakeholders, regarding social and ethical issues. Issues revolving around what the United States government calls "bribery" may indeed be part of doing business, yet cause us to ask: "Is it moral or not, when trading in a foreign country, to participate in immoral actions to survive"?
Morality is typically the standard that a group has about what is right and wrong -- good and evil --…...

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REFERENCES

Pharmaceutical Marketing to Medical Students. (2004, August). Retrieved May 2012, from McGill Journal of Medicine: http://www.medicine.mcgill.ca/MJM/issues/v08n01/orig_articles/barfett.pdf

Despite its conservative image, IBM is known for its philanthropy as well as its technical innovation. Thus, I became an IBMer.
My mother, as a woman still struggling with her career in the business world almost thirty years ago, at first disapproved. IBM had a reputation as a male-dominated company -- but male did not necessarily mean misogynist, in my mind. For twenty years, it was my home. Although I have since left the company, I was heartened to see, on its recent website message from the current CEO, "e've been spending a great deal of time thinking, debating and determining the fundamentals of this company. It has been important to do so. hen IBMers have been crystal clear and united about our strategies and purpose, it's amazing what we've been able to create and accomplish. hen we've been uncertain, conflicted or hesitant, we've squandered opportunities and even made blunders…...

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Works Cited

Musante, Louis a. (November 2001, Issue 1) "IBM." Optimize Magazine. Retrieved on October 17, 2004 at  http://www.optimizemag.com/article/showArticle.jhtml?articleId=17700582 

Palmisano, Samuel J. (2004) "Business Value, and Company Value." IBM Official website. Retrieved on October 17, 2004 at  http://www.ibm.com/ibm/values/us/ 

Reed, Margaret. (August 9, 2004) "IBM business: it's business, not charity.

Federal Computer Week. Retrieved on October 17, 2004 at  http://www.fcw.com/print.asp

This whole process is grounded in a commitment to social justice...." (Morales, 2003)
Fortunately, the organization I work for has an open systems approach, which allows its employees to evaluate (1) ways of being (the psychological business process); (2) ways of knowing (the spiritual business process); and (3) ways of behaving (the theoretical and technical business processes). This open system philosophy frees the decision making process from cultural and personal influences, and instead encourages evaluation of issues on their independent merits (Williams, 1996, p. 100-101).

Thus, the organization that I work for has a culture, which has been more successful than most in avoiding the pitfalls of deeply embedded social or cultural identities, which often prove to be obstacles in the way of successful conflict management especially with our overseas units. This is contrary to the findings of several research studies, which have found that social identification and cultural values lead…...

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References

Hong, Ying-yi., Chan, G., Chiu, Chi-yue., Wong, R.Y.M. (2003, December). How are social identities linked to self-conception and intergroup orientation? The moderating effect of implicit theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Washington, Vol. 85:6, p. 1147.

Mattison, M. (2000). Ethical Decision Making: The Person in the Process. Social Work.

Vol. 45:3, p. 201.

Morales, a.H. (2003). Multicultural Competence 101. University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Cultural Values, beliefs, and traditions that separate Father Laforgue and Daniel from the Algonquin and how it influences their perception of each other
Clashing cultural values, beliefs, and traditions: Black Robe

The film Black Robe depicts the culture clash that occurs when Jesuit priests enter the Canadian wilderness and attempt to convert the native population to Christianity. Father Laforgue and his translator Daniel head into a land they know little about, into a culture they regard as primitive. Daniel, in contrast to the 'black robed' priest, falls in love with a native woman and embraces what he sees as the more sensual, vital lifestyle of the Native Americans, while Laforgue holds back from what he sees as native savagery and ignorance. However, both men regard the Huron Indians through an essentially estern worldview.

The Indians do not view matters of the body as disgusting, unlike the priest. The Christian ideal of asceticism is…...

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Work Cited

Black Robe. Directed by Bruce Beresford. 1991.

" This particular cultural value system in fact helped me to assimilate more easily into the two institutions in which I spent most of my working life. The work ethic is defined as follows:
The work ethic is a cultural norm that advocates being personally accountable and responsible for the work that one does and is based on a belief that work has intrinsic value." (Hill, R.. and. Petty, G.C. 1995) This attitude towards work has aided my understanding of the value systems as well as the ethos and meaning of work and decision making in both the military and police. The value of personal accountability in particular was one of the cardinal aspects that was emphasized in both organizations and which formed the basis of all decisions. The fact that one had to take responsibility for the decisions one made ensured that no decision was taken lightly and without due…...

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Bibliography

Bell, W. The Impact of Policies on Organizational Values and Culture. Retrieved December 25, 2004 from United States Air Force Academy. Web site:  http://www.usafa.af.mil/jscope/JSCOPE99/Bell99.html 

Hill, R.B. and. Petty, G.C. (1995) a New Look at Selected Employability Skills: A Factor Analysis of the Occupational Work Ethic. Retrieved December 24, 2004, from the University of Georgia. Web Site:  http://www.coe.uga.edu/~rhill/workethic/jverart.htm 

Making Sense of Ethics. Retrieved December 23, 2004, from JOSEPHSON INSTITUTE of ETHICS. Web site:  http://www.josephsoninstitute.org/MED/MED-1makingsense.htm 

Sundaram, D.S. EXPLORING the RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, and PERFORMANCE. Retrieved December 25, 2004, from Mississippi State University. Web site:  http://marketing.byu.edu/htmlpages/ccrs/proceedings99/webster.htm

Cultural Values and Ethics
No personal or professional decision happens in a vacuum. We are continually bombarded by external influences from family members, friends, culture, society, the media, and our mentors. Small decisions that seem simple and meaningless, such as choosing which clothes to wear to a job interview, are often based on personal and cultural values. Values influence decisions ranging on consumer choices to career choices. Therefore, it can be helpful for individuals to examine the cultural, personal, and organizational values that impact their lives.

I have had the unique opportunity to experience more than one cultural value system. Growing up in Puerto ico, I was influenced by traditional ideas of gender roles, politics, and religion. My childhood experiences and the values that I absorbed from my culture and my family influenced my decision to enter the American armed forces before entering college. My value system included a respect for authority…...

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References

Barkdoll, Gerald L. "Individual Personality and Organizational Culture." Retrieved October 7, 2005 from http://www.pamij.com/barkdoll.html

Schein, Edgar H. "Organizational Culture and Leadership." Retrieved October 7, 2005 from  http://www.tnellen.com/ted/tc/schein.html

Cultural values are particularly important when considering communities such as the Mexicans, the Americans, or the Chinese. Even with this, while Mexicans and Chinese individuals tend to be more attached to their cultures, Americans are more relaxed and open-minded when it comes to culture, this largely being owed to the diverse ethnic environment in the U.S. The Chinese and the Mexicans are very strict with regard to their cultures and they tend to influence individuals belonging to each community to act in accordance with a certain set of ideas.
Foods are very diverse, both in Mexico and in the U.S. Even with this, the fact that Native American history has shaped both cultures means that there are numerous common cooking ingredients in both communities. hile both countries focus on corn as an item that can be used alongside of a series of other foods, one can really see a similarity between…...

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Works cited:

Brown, L.M. "Childbirth Traditions Around the World: China." Retrieved September 26, 2013, from http://www.babyzone.com/pregnancy/labor-and-delivery/childbirth-traditions-china_70703

"American Culture: Traditions and Customs of the United States." Retrieved September 23, 2013, from  http://www.livescience.com/28945-american-culture.html 

"Chinese Culture: Customs & Traditions of China." Retrieved September 23, 2013, from  http://www.livescience.com/28823-chinese-culture.html 

"Mexican Culture: Customs & Traditions." Retrieved September 23, 2013, from  http://www.livescience.com/38647-mexican-culture.html

Ethics and Decision Making
Values and Decision Making

The process of making a moral or ethical decision is governed largely by the values that are applied when making the decision. In any case where a decision is being made, there are a range of values that can potentially impact the decision. These include personal values, organizational values, and cultural values. The value system that is most significant will depend on both the context of the decision and the nature of the decision. This will now be explored by considering how moral and ethical decisions are made and what kinds of personal, organizational, and cultural values impact on decision making.

Before describing how my values impact decision making, it is important to first define the basis on which I make moral decisions. This is based on the three levels of personal moral development: the preconventional level, the conventional level, and the postconventional level (Graham…...

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References

Graham, J.W. (1995). Leadership, moral development and citizenship behavior. Business Ethics Quarterly, 5(1), 43-54.

Janis, I.L. (2000). Groupthink. In J. Billsberry (Ed.), The effective manager: Perspectives and illustrations (pp. 166-178). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Jansen, E., & Von Gilnow, M.A. (1985). Ethical ambivalence and organizational reward systems. Academy of Management Review, 10, 814-822.

Woodman, R., & Pasmore, W. (1990). Research and organizational change and development. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

The depiction of the man-turned-insect and his descent into oblivion is less than pleasant, much like the description of the narrow, deserted streets in Eliot's "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock." In the description of the insect and the city in each work respectively, no details are given but the negative ones.
In the case of Eliot's work, Prufrock is unable to find a confidence in himself and even seems resigned that life will just do what it will with him. As the narrator describes his bald spot as noticeable enough for the women to make a remark about it, but constantly asking again and again, "How shall I presume?"

In both "Love Song" and "Metamorphosis," the narrators of the story seem to view themselves as less than worthy and capable. hen Gregor is turned into a bug, his family is disgusted at the thought of him and tries with…...

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Works Cited

Bloom, Harold. "Thematic Analysis of "The Love Song of J. Alfred

Prufrock"

Bloom's Major Poets 1999: 17-20. Web. 4 Dec 2010.

Dod, Susan Marie. "We must try to get rid of it": The Grotesque and the Sublime in Kafka's "The

Cultural Values
Geert Hofstede's cultural dimensions can help to inform our understanding of our own cultures. My background is mostly Spanish, with a little bit of Pascua Yaqui on my mother's side. I would characterize my culture as having a high power distance where we are taught to always respect authority. This happens in school, church and in the family as well. Everybody has a position within the family and within society, and you must stay within that position. The culture is also very collectivist in that way. I was raised to believe that we work as a unit, without worrying too much about individual goals. The exception is that you are expected to work to make yourself better, which I think reflects more of a traditional American value that has come from being here.

An example of how this works is with my ancestors' grandfather. He was from Andalucia in Spain…...

Managing the Cultural Values and Emotions of Employees
This essay is intended to explain the reasons that determine the use of employees' values management by certain companies and their effects. I consider that this method is not recommended as a strategy for improving the performance standards of employees in such companies. Certain contexts have revealed the fact that managing employees' cultural values and emotions can produce benefits, but this does not recommend the large use of this technique. The Corporate Culture section provides the arguments of several specialists in the field that explain the relationship between corporate culture, employees' values, and their performance. The Benefits of Managing the Cultural Values of Employees section addresses some of the benefits that can be observed in certain situations. The Managing Employees' Values and their Effects section addresses the reduced level of efficiency and other effects that such strategies have on the motivational standards of…...

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5. Parker, M. (2000). Organizational Culture and Identity. Retrieved July 23, 2012.

6. Peters, T. & Waterman, R. (1982). In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America's Best-Run Companies. Retrieved July 21, 2012.

7. Willmott, H. (1993). Strength is Ignorance, Slavery is Freedom: Managing Culture in Modern Organizations. Journal of Management Studies. Retrieved July 23, 2012.

"
Question 2

Although both China and America are major superpowers, they are polar opposites in terms of their cultural orientations. In contrast to American bluntness, Chinese speakers tend to communicate indirectly, often using subtle language to convey strong feelings rather than blurting them out. In China, there is a strong value upon tradition, and protocol, and respect for power distance. This contrasts with the value placed upon individualism and creativity in low-context societies. hile in the United States, individualism is seen as a positive thing, in China individualism is often seen as a form of selfishness, and deviating from the norm is not embraced as delightfully nonconformist, as it often is in America.

In China, context means everything: an individual communicates differently, based upon his or her hierarchical relationship to the speaker. Meaning is based upon context and nuance, rather than upon literal, surface meanings, as it tends to be in a…...

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Works Cited

Samovar, Larry, Richard E. Porter, Edwin R. McDaniel. Communication between cultures.

Wadsworth, 2009.

Thomas, Evan, and Barry, John. "War's New Science." Newsweek . 18 Feb. 1991.

ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 21 Dec. 2009.

In instances such as this, an employee may make decisions that are totally foreign to their normal character.
It is these corporate ethical values that typically have the most impact on the decision-making process. Organizational ethical contexts are comprised of the moral ideologies adopted by the members of the organization, as well as the institutionalized philosophies regarding the principled conduct and the ethics codes that shape corporate strategy and action. When organizational ethical values are positively aligned with personal values, a more positive person-organization fit is acquired. Again, this fit is central in effective and efficient decision-making (Valentine, Godkin & Lucero, 2002).

The development of ethical codes, which are merely a formalized statement of the corporate ethical values, have a positive effect on reducing the number of unethical decisions that are made by employees. Employees that are members of an organization with an imposed code of ethics were found to be…...

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References

Finegan, J.E. (Jun 2000). The impact of person and organizational values on organizational commitment. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 73(2). Retrieved November 10, 2004, from Academic Search Premier database.

Myers, C.R. (1997). The core values. Airpower Journal, 11(1). Retrieved November 10, 2004, from Academic Search Premier database.

Valentine, S., Godkin, L., & Lucero, M. (Dec 2002). Ethical context, organizational commitment, and person-organization fit. Journal of Business Ethics, 41(4). Retrieved November 10, 2004, from ProQuest database.

How Personal, Organizational and Cultural Values Affect the Decision-Making Process

Personal, Organizational, and Cultural Values play in Personal and Professional Decision-Making
In today's increasingly high-powered, competitive workplaces, employees at all levels, occasionally (or even frequently) find themselves having to make difficult ethical decisions at work, such as rather or not to do the right thing ethically, or instead to do something else, less ethical but more self-protective. Often, that "something else" flies in the face of one's self-image and personal values. Such decisions, that go against what one believes in are made, often reluctantly, every day: to please a boss; to help a boss please top management; to keep one's job, to avoid being demoted, to "go with the flow," etc. There is no genuinely "good" way for either bosses or employees to handle such workplace dilemmas, except (if one is a boss) to try to avoid creating them for employees or other stakeholders, if one can, and to encourage…...

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References

Badaracco, J.L., & Webb, A.P. (Winter1995). Business ethics: A view from the trenches. California management review, 37(2). 9

Layne, J. (2000,). Forging new families: an overview of mergers and acquisitions

In the context of organizational change. Industrial Relations Press, Industrial

Relations Centre, Queens University, Ontario, Canada.

Cultural Experience
Description

The event is more a series of events. I went on vacation with some friends to Miami, and while not everything I experienced on that trip would count as a cultural experience, there is little question that there were some very different experiences. There was the visit to the Haitian restaurant, for example, but the event that stands out the most was my visit to Calle Ocho, the old Cuban neighborhood. As Korean student I find it challenging enough to deal with mainstream American culture, but Hispanic culture is completely different again, so this experience provided me with an interesting counterpoint to my usual experiences in the United States.

In this neighborhood, if people can speak English they do not admit it. There are coffee windows where strong, sugary shots of Cuban coffee and cafe con leche are dispensed to passers-by in a hurry. There are old men playing dominos…...

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Works Cited:

Devine, P. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol. 56 (1) 5-18.

Geert Hofstede.com (2012). National culture. Geert-Hofstede.com. Retrieved May 7, 2012 from  http://geert-hofstede.com 

Hofstede, G. (1983). The cultural relativity of organizational practices and theories. Journal of International Business Studies. Vol. 14 (Fall 1983) 75-89.

Mallol, C., Holtom, B. & Lee, T. (2007). Job embeddedness in a culturally diverse environment. Journal of Business Psychology. Vol. 22, 35-44.

The impact of culture on an individual's approach to the classroom is significant. Culture shapes our beliefs, values, and behaviors, which in turn shape our approach to learning and education. Proper spacing and format might look like this:

Culture, with its rich tapestry of traditions, customs, and societal norms, can greatly influence the way we view and engage with the classroom. Firstly, culture shapes our attitudes towards education. In some cultures, education is highly valued and seen as the key to success, leading individuals to approach the classroom with enthusiasm and a strong desire to learn. Conversely, in cultures where education....

**Literary Analysis and Criticism**

* **Compare and contrast the literary techniques and themes employed by two or more authors in their works.**
* **Analyze the structure, language, and symbolism in a literary work to uncover its deeper meanings.**
* **Examine the historical and cultural context that influenced the creation and reception of a literary text.**
* **Explore the psychoanalytic or feminist perspectives on a literary work and discuss their implications.**
* **Evaluate the significance and lasting impact of a particular literary movement or genre.**

**Rhetorical Analysis and Argument**

* **Analyze the persuasive techniques used in a speech, essay, or other persuasive text.**
* **Evaluate the logical reasoning and....

Art Heist Unravels: The Case of the Stolen Masterpieces

In the annals of art crime, the recent theft of a collection of priceless masterpieces from the National Gallery has sent shockwaves through the art world and beyond. The heist, which occurred under the cover of darkness, has left authorities baffled and the public reeling in disbelief.

The Stolen Treasures

The stolen works include some of the most iconic and valuable paintings in history. Among them are "The Starry Night" by Vincent van Gogh, "The Mona Lisa" by Leonardo da Vinci, and "The Girl with a Pearl Earring" by Johannes Vermeer. Their combined value....

Title: Navigating the Crossroads of Authority: Exploring the Legitimacy and Limits of Power in Political Theory

Introduction:
At the crux of political theory lies the intricate interplay between authority and power, a dynamic relationship that has sparked debates and shaped paradigms for centuries. This essay delves into the multifaceted concept of legitimacy, interrogating the foundations of authority and the boundaries of power. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical and contemporary perspectives, we will explore the challenges and complexities of legitimizing power, the tensions between various sources of authority, and the implications for political practice and social justice.

1. The Sources and Foundations of....