Cultural Differences ith Spain
In June 2001, the United States and Spain signed a declaration celebrating their "traditional relations." The declaration pledged, among others, to strengthen the economic and financial cooperation between Spain and the United States.

Since then, more businesses based in the United States have opened offices in various locations in Spain. Manufacturing giant SC Johnson & Son Inc. And New Jersey-based pharmaceutical company Schering-Plough both have offices in Madrid. SDRC, a software-company based in Ohio, has offices in Madrid (Spain-U.S. Chamber of Commerce).

More and more, the United States is recognizing Spain's growing financial and economic role in Europe and Latin America.

Despite a shared history and increased economic cooperation, the United States and Spain have distinct cultures and customs. An understanding of these cultural boundaries can be invaluable to American companies doing business in Spain. This paper looks at the key cultural differences and their ramifications for companies doing business…...

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Works Cited

Central Intelligence Agency (January 1, 2002). The World Factbook 2002 - Spain. Retrieved January 23, 2003 at  http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/sp.html 

Levitt, Joshua (September 2002). "Spain: Getting Through Customs." Director.

Spanish-U.S. Chamber of Commerce (2002). U.S. Companies in Spain. Retrieved January 23, 2003 at  http://www.spainuscc.org/eng/publications/index.html 

U.S. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (March 2002). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2001: Spain. Retrieved January 23, 2003 at  http://www.usis.usemb.se/human/2001/europe/spain.html

(Ng and Tuen 2006 pp.23-25) They demand basic necessities only. (Abdelal & Tedlow 2003 pp.23-25) This creates rooms for Giordano and Baleno in exploiting the low-end market by charging reasonable price at good quality level Mary Kay is a foreign branded cosmetics firm. It has done a research to know more abo^ the Chinese make up habit the Chinese ladies are generally having different make up habit from the western ladies. Mary Kay has to adapt certain shades of make up in China, Most importantly, Chinese views "face" as a kind of "respect and consideration." (Lu 2001 pp.32) This want "face" culture is consistent with the Chairman of a-Fontane's views that the Nouveau iche want to show off and this can represent their status. If the foreign marketers in China do not grant some favors or show respect to the Chinese counterpart, it is hard to build up a…...

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References

Albaum, G. Strandskov and Duerr (2008) International marketing and export management. England: Addison-Wesley, pp.15-19

China Statistical Publishing House (Zhongguo Tongji Chunbanshe) (2008) Beijing Statistical yearbook (Beijing Tongji Nianjian). Beijing; Author, pp.102

China Statistical Publishing House (Zhongguo Tongji Chunbanshe) (2006) Statistical Yearbook of Guangdong (Beijing Tongji Nianjian). Beijing: Author, pp.45-48

China Statistical Publishing House (Zhongguo Tongji Chunbanshe) (2008) Statistical Yearbook of Shanghai (Beijing Tongji Nianjian). Beijing: Author, pp.225

However, in some culture, such practice may be taken as a rude process. For instance, being indirect is a form of politeness in Japan. But such will be seen as nothing but a form of dishonesty in the American business scenario.
How to Approach Foreign Markets from the Perspective of Culture

In the event of conducting business relationships, there are a number of strategies that business parties can use to approach the foreign markets from the perspective of culture. Some of them are the following:

Prior learning of the culture of one foreign business party will not do any harm to the other.

Before conducting business with a party from another region, it will be helpful for international companies to learn some cultural background of the other part. It is important to consider that not every people, especially between those that come from totally different cultural background, have similar regard for culture. Hence,…...

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References

The Pitfalls of Cross-Cultural Business, in Risk Management, March 2004, Volume 51, Pages: 38-43, by Jared Wade

Business: A hyper market, The Economist, London, April7, 2001

Cultural Savvy.

Retrieved on Sept. 05, 2005, from Online.  http://www.culturalsavvy.com/differences.htm

Cultural Differences in Army Officers
Every society is different from the other and arranges itself under some certain value and belief system. This belief system is the basic identity of any society or a group of people and is very central in developing them as human beings. More importantly, it plays a significant role in developing the way these members of a society behave and how they interact with each other. One of these aspects which play a central role in the development of human behavior is Culture.

Culture is the fundamental characteristic that defines the way we behave and the way we interact with each other. The lack of knowledge regarding the other person culture can result in the serious lack of judgment regarding the true meaning of someone's gesture and this misinterpretation can go a long way in harming any society or a relationship between two people. Therefore the study…...

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Works Cited

David A. Thomas, R.J. (1996). Making differences matter: A new Paradigm for Managing Diversity. Harvard Business Review, 1-12.

Garcha, A. Diplomatic Culture or Cultural Diplomacy: The role for culture in International negotiation?

Heinecken, P.L. A diverse Society, A Representative Military? The complexity of Managing Diversity in the South African Armed Forces.

Lloyd J. Matthews, T.P. (Ed.). (1999). Population Diversity and the U.S. Army.

Cultural Differences in Companies
The Globalization of Enterprise Software:

Comparing Oracle and SAP and Their Challenges

One of the most mercurial and fast-changing areas of technology today is enterprise software. Systems that enable large-scale enterprises to better serve their customers while orchestrating complex supply chains continue to rapidly evolve as Internet-based technologies and usability improve (ettig, 2007). The approaches companies take however to those challenges differ drastically due to ethical, legal, social and political differences in their location and formation. Oracle, founded in edwood City, California and SAP, founded in Walldorf, Germany exemplify these stark differences. The intent of this paper is to complete a comparative analysis of these two firms, analyzing the ethical, legal, social and political differences of each including an assessment of how these differences impact their decision-making processes as well. ecommendations and conclusions are included as well. There are also many potential frameworks to use for measuring the differences…...

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References

Chang, L. (2003). An examination of cross-cultural negotiation: Using Hofstede framework. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 2(2), 567-570.

Engelstatter, B. (2012). It is not all about performance gains - enterprise software and innovations. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 21(3), 223.

Hofstede, G. (1993). Cultural constraints in management theories. The Executive, 7(1), 81-81.

Hofstede, G.J., Jonker, C.M., & Verwaart, T. (2012). Cultural differentiation of negotiating agents. Group Decision and Negotiation, 21(1), 79-98.

Cultural competence refers to individuals' ability to successfully interact with people of different cultures within their workplace. Professional groups have members of different social, economic, and professional backgrounds (Transcultural Nursing, 2012). They have different education and upbringing also. This significantly influences the cultural differences between people in such groups. Therefore, it is important that individuals understand and accept the differences between them and their colleagues. By accepting these differences, conflicts in the health care industry can significantly reduce.

In the health care industry cultural tolerance is very important. This means that professionals in this industry must deal with different categories of patients with different types of cultures. All of these patients must be treated equally alike, regardless of their cultural background. However, this is not always the case. There are situations where professionals in the health care industry make discriminations against members of minority groups.

The health care industry can improve by…...

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Reference list:

1. Moore, T. (2008). Individual Differences and Workplace Spirituality: The Homogenization of the Corporate Culture. East Tennessee State University. Retrieved March 8, 2013 from  http://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/08060.pdf .

2. Cultural Competence (2012). Transcultural Nursing. Retrieved March 8, 2013 from http://www.culturediversity.org/cultcomp.htm.

Practical obstacles like taste can be difficult to predict, in terms of how entrenched they may be, unlike simply adopting to bowing rather than shaking hands on a business trip. Dealing with local corruption is also hard to fully explain in an educational seminar for managers going to work abroad, versus advice on how to dress so as not to offend the local population. Subway is perhaps the best example of how to positively adapt to local needs and tastes.
In contrast, Domino's as a product was to some degree stymied by the nature of being a chain pizza business. On one hand, it was flexible enough to take into consideration some local needs, including daily rhythms of life, a belief in feng shui, and simple weather conditions that affected delivery logistics. But the fact that the Italian conception of pizza was different than that of most Americans, in terms…...

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Works Cited

Gibson, R. (2006). Foreign flavors: When going abroad, you should think of franchising as a cookie-cutter business; unless, of course, you want to succeed. Wall Street Journal.

September 25, 2006: 8.

Wade, Jared. (2004). "The pitfalls of cross-cultural business." Risk Management, 51: 38-43

Cultural Differences of Adolescent in the United States
The United States, ever since the time when its history began, has been an accumulation of different cultural patterns who took refuge here for independence in expressing the thoughts. esiliency or adaptability is featured as a phenomenon of fruit yielding adaptability in spite of difficult or intimidating surrounding. In this paper we shall analyze the cultural differences among adolescents in the country. In 1996 Gordon discovered that adaptable young men have concrete self-confidence in their realizing capabilities and concrete sentiments of association in the school surrounding as against their non-adaptable associates. Consistently Arellano and Padilla in 1996 discovered that cooperative families and tutors saved students from vulnerable educational surroundings. Again Liebowitz, Catellani, and Cuellar in 1999 discovered the relatively important foreseer of sexual attitude to be the persistence of morals existing betwixt the young men and their family. Outcomes threw light on the…...

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References

Brook, J.S; et al. (1998) "Drug use among African-Americans: Ethnic identity as a protective factor." Psychological Reports- 83:1427-1446

Brook, J.S; Whiteman, M; Balka, E.B; Win, P.T; and Gursen, M.D. (1998) "Drug use among Puerto Ricans: Ethnic identity as a protective factor." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences- 20(2): 241-254

Carlin, J.F. (1979) "The Catastrophically Uprooted Child: Southeast Asian Refugee Children." In Basic Handbook for Child Psychiatry- Volume I, edited by J.D. Noshpitz et.al. New York: Basic Books.

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (2001) "HIV / AIDS Surveillance Report"- 13(2):144.

According to Bauer (n.d.), individual values are those that reflect to goals that people have in mind -- those which are in behavior, reflects what is important to them. Personality, on the other hand, refers to a wider range of scope -- that which involves feelings, emotions, thoughts, and behavior. In psychology, there is what is known as the Big Five Personality Traits or the OCEAN traits -- this comprises of five dimensions that account for variation in people's personalities. Some tender to be more OPEN, or curious about the world while others tend to be CONSCIENTIOUS, organized and punctual. Others tend to be EXTAVETS, outgoing, talkative, and high in social skills while some are more AGEEABLE as they are sensitive, trusting, kind, and warm. Last dimension is NEUOTICISM which refers to the anxious, moody personality (ibid).
The Challenge: Now, How Will I Manage All These?

Now, having discussed the points…...

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References

Bauer, Tayla. n.d. Individual Differences: Values and Personality. Available at:

[Accessedhttp://www.flatworldknowledge.com/pub/1.0/organizational-behavior/34687

5 June 2010].

Cornell University. 2010. Organizational Behavior. Available at:

Cultural Differences and Negotiation
Chosen Country: Japan

Japanese culture is full of many traditional values. For instance, family is tremendously important to the Japanese and traditional gender roles are commonly upheld (Saito et al., 2004). For example, the father is generally the breadwinner and the mother is often a full-time homemaker who takes care of the children (Heapy, 2012). Japanese society is extremely structured and orbits around a conception of hierarchy and people's roles; it's not uncommon for people to be addressed in terms of the position they hold (Heapy, 2012). The culture values things like duty, loyalty, and obligation; in fact the Japanese view the biggest obligation as the one that one carries towards one's parents (Heapy, 2012).

Even those who are unfamiliar with Japanese culture are aware of the fact that the Japanese bow instead of shaking hands. Bowing in Japanese culture is a sign of respect; showing respect to other…...

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References

Chan, R., & Hayashi, K. (2010). Gender Roles and Help-Seeking Behaviour. Journal of Social Work, 243-262.

Heapy, T. (2012). Japanese Culture. Chicago: Capstone Global.

Katz, L. (2008). Negotiating International Business - Japan. Retrieved from globalnegotiationresources.com: http://www.globalnegotiationresources.com/cou/Japan.pdf

Saito, S. et al., (2004). Translatability of Family Concepts into the Japanese Culture. Family Process, 239-257.

Essay Topic Examples 1. The Role of Language Barriers in National Conflicts:
This essay would explore how language barriers contribute to misunderstandings, social segregation, and conflicts within a nation. It would examine historical and present-day examples of language-related tensions between cultural groups and propose strategies for fostering linguistic harmony.

2. Economic Disparities and Cultural Clashes:
This topic focuses on the intersection of economic disparities and cultural differences as a source of internal national conflicts. The analysis would involve case studies where economic inequalities among different cultural groups have led to resentment and unrest.

3. Identity olitics and the Increase of Nationalistic Sentiments:
The essay would investigate how identity politics and the rise of nationalism intensify cultural differences and lead to internal conflicts. Case studies such as the impact of nationalist parties and policies in fracturing multicultural societies could be highlighted.

4. Migration and Cultural Integration Challenges:
This topic would analyze how large-scale migration introduces new cultural dynamics that…...

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Primary Sources

Horowitz, Donald L. \"Ethnic Groups in Conflict.\" University of California Press, 1985.

Varshney, Ashutosh. \"Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India.\" Yale University Press, 2002.

Gurr, Ted Robert. \"Peoples Versus States: Minorities at Risk in the New Century.\" United States Institute of Peace Press, 2000.

Fearon, James D., and David D. Laitin. \"Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War.\" American Political Science Review, vol. 97, no. 1, 2003, pp. 75–90.

Kymlicka, Will. \"Multicultural Odysseys: Navigating the New International Politics of Diversity.\" Oxford University Press, 2007.

There can be several reasons behind this enduring practice. Men and women feel that if parents have chosen someone for them, they would also support them through hard times. We understand that all marriages go through rough patches and some more than others. In these trying times, parents and other family members normally intervene to resolve problems. This is a common practice in India and all countries where arranged marriages are still in practice. However if a person chose to marry someone of their choice, it is very likely that during hard times, others would distance themselves saying; "didn't we already warn you." The fear of being left alone to ride out the tide might actually push some people in favor of arranged marriages.

The second reason is the ease and convenience that comes with having a partner chosen for you. In the western world, getting married doesn't come easy. It…...

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References

Serena Nanda. Arranging a Marriage in India. From Stumbling Toward Truth: Anthropologists at Work, edited by Philip R. Devita, 2000, pp. 196 -- 204. Published by Waveland Press.

Jodi O'Brien in Robert Kupla edition. "Arranged marriages." Encyclopedia of Gender and Society. Volume 1, 2008

"
As the saying goes, 'two heads are better than one' so teams working together can find solutions better than a person working alone. Collective wisdom is important in business and as such, given the diversity in the workforce, professionals are required to be adaptable and willing to evaluate the way they conduct business. According to the Anti-Defamation League diversity has a direct impact on the marketplace, talent, and organizational effectiveness.

Moreover, according to them, when companies value diversity and effectively manage it, they can build better relationships, improve decision-making, stimulate effective team building, expand the ability to change problems into opportunities, provide employees with skills that promote organizational effectiveness, increase employee initiative, camaraderie and morale, and reduce conflict among many other benefits. In today's economy, successful organizations "recognize that managing diversity is an opportunity to increase productivity and create effective business strategies." (Anti-Defamation League, 2003).

eferences

Anti-Defamation League. (2003). The Business Case for…...

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References

Anti-Defamation League. (2003). The Business Case for Diversity. Retrieved from  http://www.adl.org/education/edu_awod/anti-Bias_in_workplace.pdf 

Kelly, E., Young, A., Clark, L. (1993). Sex Stereotyping in the Workplace: A Manager's Guide -- Women in Business. Business Horizons, March-April. Retrieved from  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1038/is_n2_v36/ai_13815063/?tag=content;col1 

Taggart, A. (2007). Beyond Diversity: Becoming a Culturally Competent Organization. Ivey Business Journal, September-October. Retrieved from  http://www.iveybusinessjournal.com/article.asp?intArticle_ID=712 

Workman, D. (2008). International Trade Communication: Smart Business Negotiators Adapt to Audience Cultural Styles. Retrieved from  http://internationalbusiness.suite101.com/article.cfm/international_trade_communication

In ussia, any display of the swastika would generate a hostile response, just as it does in virtually all other Western cultures and societies simply because of the social context in which it was first introduced in the 20th century.
The Swastika in Buddhist and Hindu Social Culture:

Prior to the 20th century, the swastika was used in various ancient and medieval societies in a manner that had no relation to its subsequent revival and adoption by the Nazis many centuries later (Macionis, 2003). In some respects, it was adopted many different times as a fairly common symbol in so many different societies mainly because of its geometric simplicity and its symmetry. In many Far Eastern societies, particularly among Buddhists and Hindus, the swastika is a symbol that has decorated temples and other culturally significant structures for thousands of years.

In fact, in Thailand, where both Buddhism and Hinduism are popular religious…...

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References

Gerrig, R., Zimbardo, R. (2007). Psychology and Life. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Macionis, J.J. (2003). Sociology. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Myers, D.G., Spencer, S.J. (2004). Social Psychology. Toronto, Canada: McGraw-Hill.

In a large measure, these concepts reflect the problems that have accompanied increased diversity as both a consequence and a cause of a great many social problems" (1999, p. 1). In this regard, Naylor defines culture as being "the learned way (or ways) of belief, behavior, and the products of these (both physically and socially) that is shared (at least to some degree) within human groups and serves to distinguish that culture group from another learning different beliefs and behaviors" (1999, p. 2). It is important to note as well that "cultural diversity is not restricted to particular nationalities; it includes issues of gender and individuals with disabilities" (Russell & McLean, 1999). Because there are some fundamental differences between cultural beliefs and behaviors, it is not surprising that cross-cultural differences can have a profound effect on organizational performance, and these issues are discussed further below.
Effect of Cultural Diversity on…...

While many fields of study seem to only have academic applications, sociolinguistics has many real-world applications.  Sociolinguistics examines how various cultural factors impact the use of language, not only in what languages are spoken by people in various groups, but also how that language is spoken by those people.  The various factors that can influence the language someone speaks or how they speak a language include, but are not limited to: gender, ethnicity, religion, status, level of education, age, and geographical distribution.  The primary languages spoken in Algeria are Algerian Arabic (Darja),....

While people often lump the American colonies together, there were significant differences between the New England colonies, Middle colonies, and Southern colonies. These differences were not only geographical, but also based in who had the grants for the colonies, their favor in the British government, and who eventually settled in the lands. These differences initially impacted how successful the American colonies were and how prosperous they would become. They eventually impacted industrialization and, in many ways, could be cited as one of the root causes of the eventual American Civil War and even some of....

It is impossible to overstate the role that race and cultural difference play in Othello.  Often framed as a story of obsessive love, domestic violence, jealousy, deceit, and tragedy, it is less a story of the conflict between two people and more the story of racism and the conflict between cultures. That is because Othello being both a beloved and respected war hero and a suspect outsider is central to the plot of the play. That only happens because Othello is an outsider.  Not only is he not a Venetian, but he....

1. The Language Barrier: A Formidable Obstacle for Immigrant Students in Higher Education

Challenges faced by immigrant students with limited English proficiency
Strategies for overcoming linguistic barriers in the classroom and beyond
The role of language support services and resources in facilitating academic success

2. Cultural Differences and the Impact on Educational Experiences

Cultural norms and values that may differ between immigrant students and faculty
Misunderstandings and communication barriers resulting from cultural differences
Strategies for fostering cultural sensitivity and inclusivity in the higher education environment

3. Financial Challenges and the Burden on Immigrant Students

Socioeconomic disparities faced by immigrant families and their....