Cultural change can occur from any number of events that include diffusion, acculturation, innovation, new technology (new inventions), new discoveries, or contact with other cultures (Steward, 1990). Barnett (1953) proposed that cultures change to a process of innovation which represented an overall process of change in mental constructs. Other theorists have posited that cultural change comes about due to such processes as natural disasters, colonization or war, changes in communication, and trade or exchanges between different cultures (Inglehart & Welzel, 2005). Perhaps the most complete description of the processes that affect cultural change comes from ochon (1998). ochon posited that cultural change can occur as a result of a change in values. There are three general processes of change that can stimulate a change of values in cultures (ochon, 1998):
A conversion of values such as was seen in the last half of the 1900s when views on homosexuality changed in…...

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References

Barnett, H.G. (1953). Innovation: The basis of cultural change. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2005). Modernization, cultural change, and democracy: The human development sequence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Richerson, P.J., & Boyd, R. (2008). Not by genes alone: How culture transformed human evolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Rochon, T.R. (1998). Culture moves: Ideas, activism, and changing values. Princeton: Princeton

Forecasting Effects of Cultural Changes Inside Worldwide Telecommunications
Inc: Linking Demographic and Cultural Diversity and Performance

Within today's increasingly globally-infused corporate workplaces, conventional wisdom holds that demographic and/or cultural diversity contribute positively to enhanced performance by groups, teams, or other divisions of a trans-global corporate entity, thus ultimately enhancing, by association, company products and/or services and the company itself, at home and abroad. As corporate giant Nokia's website states, for example (2005), of its own global workforce: "espect for individual qualities, as well as a willingness to work together in a constructive, positive, even enjoyable, way [,] are all essential for high-quality results." Much related research suggests, however, that while diverse employee skills and abilities in and of themselves may enhance group or team performance, demographic diversity (e.g., differences among workforce members, in terms of language; cultural; referential; or social background), may detract from it (Knight, Pearce, Smith, Olian, Sims, Smith &…...

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References

Alden, J. (1998). What in the world drives UPS? International Business, 6-7.

'Company." (2005). Nokia: connecting people. Nokia global. Retrieved October 9, 2005, from:  http://www.nokia.com/nokia/0,,2889,00.html#faq1.html .

Hamilton, Barton H., Nickerson, Jackson A. And Owan, H. (May 2004) Diversity

and productivity in production teams (May 2004). Washington University, St.

Cultural Change Within an Organization
The concept of culture, adopted from the Anthropology field has many definitions depending upon the perspective is defined from. Shafritz and Ott (1992) write that there are many meanings applied to culture and "when the term 'culture' is paired with the term 'organization' resulting is a "conceptual and semantic confusion." p. 492 Networks within the organization are not of the future indeed, for networking within organizational structure is the reality of right now or as stated by Linpnack and Stamps (1994) and cited by Agranaoff (2006) "the age of the network" has arrived. In fact, stated is the fact that networks are even supplanting the traditional hierarchy and markets. (paraphrased: Powell, 1990 cited y Agranaoff, 2006) and public managers "are enmeshed in a series of collaborative horizontal and vertical networks (Agranaoff and McGuire, 2003) and finally it is stated by Agranaoff who cites O'Toole (1997) is…...

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Bibliography

Agranaoff, Robert (2006) Inside Collaborative Networks: Ten Lessons for Public Managers." Public Administration Review; Dec 2006; 66 AIB/INFORM Global p. 56. Articles on Collaborative Public Management.

Cooper, T.L; Bryer, T.A. And Meek, J.W. (2006) Citizen-Centered Collaborative Public Management Public Administration Review in December 2006.

Kearney, R., and Berman, E. (1999). Public Sector Performance: Management, Motivation, and Measurement. Westview Press, Inc.

Lipnack, J and Stamps, J (1994) Regional Autonomy and State Paradigm Shifts. Regional and Federal Studies 10(2):10-34.

ar Influencing Social and Cultural Change
Social and cultural changes are important determinants of any society. Philosophers have put extensive amount of time and energy in examining how the social and cultural changes have occurred from one time to another. Gordon ood, Robert ood, and Modris Eksteins have considerably depicted in their books that war has acted as an important catalyst for social and cultural change in the society. Their viewpoints are similar but contradictory at the same time.

ar as a source of change

Gordon ood talks about the early twentieth century and analyzed the world trends starting form 1760, and had paid particular emphasis on the early nineties, which according to him have instigated change in intellectual though to happen. ood indicates that while there has been no revolt or overthrow of the elite by the working class people, there has been a steady and quiet revolution in people's intellect and…...

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Works Cited

Eksteins, Modris. Rites of spring: the Great War and the birth of the Modern Age. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2003.

Wiebe, Robert H. The Search for Order, 1877-1920. Canada: HarpercollinsCanada, 1967.

Wood, Gordon S. The Radicalism of the American Revolution. Toronto: Vintage Books, 1993.

Culture Shift
There is something to be said for the idea that an excessive focus on culture and what makes people different is at some point counterproductive and less than conducive to progress. However, the ignorance of culture and differences between people is fairly to very unwise and it should also be kept in mind that having a strong, defined and proper company culture is necessary for a firm to operate and exist in the proper way. With that in mind, there are times and situations where a culture shift within an organization is required to restore or regain cultural and business continuity for all involved. While upholding the proper amounts of cultural sensitivity can be taxing and expensive, there are situations where it is needed and the proper models to create and shape the same should be used.

Analysis

As noted in the introduction, there is often the need for a cultural…...

Parents are aware that the competitive economy combined with the pressure to succeed means they must push their children. Schools and teachers are also under tremendous pressure to perform. "Some schools link teacher pay to student test performance, and the pressure on teachers is intense" (Chang 2008:5).
However, despite the economic gains of recent years, there is also a profound sense that something has been lost of China's native culture. One recent editorial in the Chinese Communist Party's official newspaper stated that Chinese cultural development "lagged behind rising diplomatic and economic clout, reducing China's overall influence and exposing it to foreign dominance" (Boden 2011). The Party stated its desire to build up China's organic culture, rather than importing it from the West, which risks the possible tainting of the populace with western ideas. "It decried that Walt Disney Co.'s Mulan appropriated a Chinese legend that proved popular at the box…...

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References

Boden, Christopher. (2011). China's top communist leaders call for a cultural campaign.

Reuters. Retrieved October 17, 2011 at  http://ph.news.yahoo.com/chinas-top-communists-call-cultural-campaign-132515630.html 

Chang, Leslie. (2008). China's middle class. National Geographic. Retrieved October 17, 2011 at  http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/05/china/middle-class/leslie-chang-text 

The Chinese consumer. (2011). China Knowledge. Retrieved October 17, 2011 at  http://www.chinaknowledge.com/Market/Book-ChinaConsumer.aspx?subchap=1&content=2

Humanity
Change of cultures:

In this case the example of the economic life of the Trobriand Islanders has been taken and they are a tribal group living on a coral archipelago near the north east coast of New Guinea. This tribal group is like other South Sea Islanders of the Melanesian origin, and they have a well developed method of chieftainship, an excellent ability in different crafts and an excellent level of art. They are certainly not savages. According to general measures of culture they are representative of one level but certainly inferior to the tribes of Polynesians, North American Indians, Africans and Indonesians. Yet even they are well organized in terms of economics. The chief in the Triobrands had general rights over all the land in the area, and within the district. This gives him a title of master, and accordingly he is able to exercise some rights like deciding…...

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References

Malinowski, B. The Primitive Economics of the Trobriand Islanders. Economic Journal. volume 31, 1921, pp. 1-16. Retrieved from   Accessed on 21 May, 2005http://www.ecn.bris.ac.uk/het/malinowski/prim 

Kurland, Norman G; Greaney, Michael D; Brohawn, Dawn K. The Just Third way: A New Vision for Providing Hope, Justice and Economic Empowerment. Presented at the press conference on "The Third Way: Is It For Real?," held at the National Press Club, Washington, D.C., September 10, 1998 and at a Regional Symposium on Globalization sponsored by the Caribbean Development Bank and the Caribbean Congress of Labor, August 31-September 4, 1998. Retrieved from   Accessed on 21 May, 2005http://www.cesj.org/thirdway/paradigmpapers/pressclub-nkmgdb-ppr.htm 

Trobriand Cricket. Retrieved from Accessed on 21 May, 2005http://www2.centrepompidou.fr/beware/eng_mirror/cricket.html

Wallace, Matt. U.S. Imperialism through Globalization in Thailand. April 25, 2005. Retrieved from Accessed on 21 May, 2005http://students.uis.edu/mwall04s/itsmemattwallace/04-25-05%20-%20Policy%20Paper.doc

Texaco, Inc. Case
Texaco, Inc. is a multi-billion dollar corporation that produces petroleum, oil, gasoline and asphalt. Founded in 1901, Texaco's growth expanded into the automobile industry in the 20th century, at which time the company focused on international production and marketing.

Ethics, the morals, values and beliefs of person has become a conflict in the workplace because it has been ignored. When those values take a back seat to the betterment of an organization, the lack of respect, greed and stereotypical attitudes present an unhealthy work environment.

In 1996, while in the midst of expanding its conglomerate, Texaco confronted with negative publicity, addressed the issue that shed a negative image on the company. As a result of racist comments and behavior conducted by its employees and management, Texaco became involved in a lawsuit that settled in the amount of $175 million. This is noted as the largest settlement of this magnitude.

This paper…...

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Reference for Business. Texaco Inc. - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Texaco Inc. Retrieved, December 6, 2010, from  http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/40/Texaco-Inc.html 

TEXACO Announces Comprehensive Plan to Ensure Fairness and Economic Opportunity for Employees and Business Partners. Retrieved, December 6, 2010, from  http://www.texaco.com/sitelets/diversity/press/pr12_18.html

This may be a complex task requiring detailed input from all levels. He also says that the company's mission and corporate values should be clearly articulated (Drummond, 2003). He also recommends that the final plan be written down clearly so that everyone has a roadmap to help in times of change.
As Seijts (2004) says, "The true test of leadership is being able to take people in a direction where they would not go on their own." That journey will be most successful when everyone knows where they are going and why, and when they have clear guidelines, exactly what they have to do to help bring the needed cultural changes about.

ibliography

Drummond, Carl N. 2003. "Strategic planning for research administration (Case Study)." Journal of Research Administration, July.

McClenahen, John S. 2005. "Restoring Credibility." Industry Week, February 1.

Seijts, Gerard H. 2004. "Walking on water or sinking without a trace? Six behaviours that…...

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Bibliography

Drummond, Carl N. 2003. "Strategic planning for research administration (Case Study)." Journal of Research Administration, July.

McClenahen, John S. 2005. "Restoring Credibility." Industry Week, February 1.

Seijts, Gerard H. 2004. "Walking on water or sinking without a trace? Six behaviours that describe strong crisis leaders." Ivey Business Journal Online, November.

Because of the degree of entrenchment, cultural change is often a slow process but it can also make the change process easier if the culture and the desired change are aligned. At Wal-Mart, the culture is strong, and supports the company's change initiatives. This makes it easy for Wal-Mart to implement new strategies that improve its business.
Another throughput that facilitates or resists change is financial capital. Rarely does money spur change, but the lack of it can make change difficult and a surplus of it can make change easy. Wal-Mart is a well-financed company. This has made many of their change initiatives, from the introduction of Supercenters and Sam's Club to overseas expansion much easier. These types of change initiatives can be difficult, since it involves introducing new ways of doing business and new national cultures to the organization. But for Wal-Mart, their financial clout has allowed them to…...

"9.8% in urban areas; substantial unemployment and underemployment in rural areas; an official Chinese journal estimated overall unemployment (including rural areas) for 2003 at 20% (2004 est.)" (CIA orld Factbook "China") the occupation breakdown for the nation is also rather simplistic, with a large protion of the population still being engaged in agricultural industries: "agriculture 49%, industry 22%, services 29% (2003 est.)" (CIA orld Factbook "China")
Cultural habits of China are relatively universal as the nation has relatively few national minorities and limited immigration from other nations due to its communist legacy. The majority ethnic group Han Chinese constitutes 91.9% of the total population with the significant minorities including Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities, constituting only a total of 8.1%. There is though a significant social and cultural disparity between urban and rural populations. Urban China is relatively modern, with many conveniences…...

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Works Cited

CIA World Factbook "China" at  http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2005/geos/ch.html 

Goldberg, Jonah. "10 Million Missing Girls." National Review 30 Jan. 2006: 8.

This feeling of anger and resentment is effectively illustrated through the conflict between Abner and the Negro, De Spain's helper.
In this conflict, Abner is seen resisting the Negro's attempt to stop him from trespassing De Spain's home. Evidently, the Negro's status in life is much better than Abner, who has to toil very hard in order for him and his family to survive everyday. This fact infuriates Abner, and his resentment against the Negro's condition in life is reflected in his hateful statement about his poverty and De Spain's seemingly unfair status as a wealthy man: "Pretty and white, ain't it?...That's sweat. Nigger sweat. Maybe it ain't white enough yet to suit him. Maybe he wants to mix some white sweat in it" (175). This statement is Abner's own way of protesting against his condition in life, a bitterness that reflects not only class conflict between the wealthy and…...

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Bibliography

Fox, R. (1998). A companion to American thought. MA: Blackwell Publishers.

Horton, M. (2000). "Balzacian evolution and the origin of the Snopeses." Southern Literary Journal, Vol. 33, Issue 1.

Kartiganer, D. (1997). Faulkner in cultural context. Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi.

Krevling, M. (1998). Inventing Southern literature. Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi.

Change Management Scenario
The contemporary business environment is rapidly evolving. Globalization has taken over the organization environment, and with this business is forced to undergo continuous and rapid change driven by increasing stakeholder expectations, new technological advances, and competition that is not only global, but viral (Bendell, 2005). This has resulted in a dramatically different business environment in which the modern business, in order to survive and prosper, is forced to evolve and regularly revise their internal and external business processes. Typically, aggressive and rapid change management systems germinate within the private sector -- only after trial and error, testing, and numerous permutations did they become standard within the public sector organization. This paradigm, however, changed in the late 1990s with a combination of rising client expectations to effectively address major socio-culture, economic, and demographic issues, and change in governmental oversight and minimal requirements pushed management in the public sector to…...

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REFERENCES

Home Depot, Inc. (September 29, 2012). The New York Times. Retrieved from:

 http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/business/companies/home_depot_inc/index.html 

Aluise, S. (January 19, 2012). Frank Blake Has Brought Home Depot Home. Investorplace.

Com. Retrieved from:  http://investorplace.com/2012/01/frank-blake-has-brought-home-depot-home/

" Change must therefore be accomplished by the institution of a strong leadership of just a single individual (Kotter,1996,p.25) .In this case, the person was Ghosn. Change however requires a special team of leaders as well as managers who have a common goal that is communicated succinctly by the team leader. Ghosn therefore "walked the talk" since his leadership style which was transformational, brought real change to the organization.
Conclusion

It is important to note that for any organization to succeed, a balance must be struck between leadership and the management. This is because there can never be any form of transformation without a true leader. All successful organizational transformations are only achieved via the right mix of leadership and management.

eferences

Baggaley, B. 2006. Using strategic performance measurements to accelerate lean performance. Cost Management (January/February): 36-44

Cloud, C (2010). Epilogue: Change leadership and leadership development. New Directions for Community Colleges; Spring2010, Issue 149, p73-79,

Elving,…...

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References

Baggaley, B. 2006. Using strategic performance measurements to accelerate lean performance. Cost Management (January/February): 36-44

Cloud, RC (2010). Epilogue: Change leadership and leadership development. New Directions for Community Colleges; Spring2010, Issue 149, p73-79,

Elving, W, JL (2005) "The role of communication in organisational change," Corporate Communications: An International Journal, Vol. 10 Iss: 2, pp.129-13

Kotter, J.P. (1995), "Leading change: Why transformation efforts fail," Harvard Business Review, March-April, 59-67

The change leader should feel confident about the change if decision criteria are driven by impartial and objective considerations and his position is based on organizational, mission, vision and strategies. Then leader should try to convince all employees on objective and factual grounds while also taking care of their emotional issues. If leaders do not behave well and control their own emotions then employee morale gets affected. "Most executives do a good job of communicating a strong sense of urgency to effect change and move people out of their comfort zones. This often launches a flurry of activities in the right direction to start with. However, sustaining the quality and level of activities is a different ball game. For the abstraction that is called business, it requires more than organizational structure, incentives and job descriptions to have a multitude of people work in a concerted manner towards a common…...

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References

Lawler III, E. & Mohrman, S.2003,'HR as a Strategic Partner: What Does it Take to Make it Happen?', Human Resource Planning, Vol.26, No.3, p.15+.

Thite, M. 2004, Managing People in the New Economy, Sage Publication, New Delhi.

David, F. (1991). Strategic Management. 3rd Ed. McMillan

Jansen, K. (2000). The Emerging Dynamics of Change: Resistance, Readiness, and Momentum. Human Resource Planning. Vol: 23. Issue: 2.

Essay Topic 1: The Evolution of Feminist Thought: From Suffrage to Intersectionality

Trace the historical trajectory of feminist thought, from the early suffrage movement to contemporary intersectional feminism.
Analyze the shifting definitions and goals of feminism over time.
Examine the impact of social, political, and economic factors on feminist ideologies.

Essay Topic 2: The Intersectionality of Feminism: Identity, Power, and Oppression

Explore the concept of intersectionality and its significance within feminist theory.
Discuss how race, gender, class, sexuality, and other identities intersect to create unique experiences of oppression and empowerment.
Analyze the ways in which intersectionality challenges dominant feminist narratives and....

Outline for an Essay on "The Causes and Consequences of Migration in Trinidad and Australia"

I. Introduction
A. Hook: Begin with a captivating statistic or personal anecdote related to migration.
B. Thesis statement: Clearly state the argument that migration in Trinidad and Australia has multiple causes and consequences.

II. Causes of Migration: Trinidad
A. Economic factors: Discuss the role of unemployment, low wages, and economic inequality in driving migration.
B. Social factors: Explore issues such as crime, political instability, and discrimination.
C. Environmental factors: Consider the impact of natural disasters and climate change on migration patterns.

III. Causes of Migration: Australia
A. Economic opportunities: Highlight the appeal of higher....

I. Introduction
A. Background information on paternity leave
B. Thesis statement: Men should receive more paternity leave for several reasons.

II. Benefits of paternity leave for men
A. Bonding with the child
B. Sharing childcare responsibilities with the mother
C. Preventing caregiver burnout for the mother

III. Benefits of paternity leave for family
A. Strengthening family relationships
B. Providing a sense of security for the child
C. Encouraging gender equality in parenting roles

IV. Benefits of paternity leave for society
A. Promoting work-life balance
B. Improving child development outcomes
C. Reducing gender disparities in the workplace

V. Arguments against extending paternity leave for men
....

Topic Development in Criminal Investigations: Exploring Critical Concepts and Contemporary Issues

1. The Interplay of Forensics and Criminal Investigation

The evolution of forensic science and its impact on investigation techniques
The challenges and limitations of forensic evidence in criminal prosecutions
The impact of forensic technology on case resolution and the justice system

2. The Psychology of Criminal Behavior and Its Application to Investigations

The psychological profiles of different types of criminals
Investigative techniques for understanding and predicting criminal behavior
The use of psychological theories to develop investigative strategies

3. The Role of Interviewing and Interrogation in Criminal Investigations

Ethical and legal considerations in....