Cultivation Theory
Television has become a necessity in today's world. From news to entertainment, from gossips to drama, from cooking to adventure, everything is showcased on it and this grab the attention of everyone despite of the race, gender, age, ethnicity or nationality they belong to. Almost all the people consider TV as their friend and an essential part of their lives and scientists, theorists and researchers have proved that what is shown on TV changes the viewer's perceptions and attitudes over the period of time. As rightly pointed out by Hammermeister, Winterstein, and Page (2005) in their research, "aside from occupational duties and sleep, the American nation spends more time watching television than at any other activity." (p.253) They also highlighted the fact that a normal American spends around 3-4 hours daily on watching TV which makes it 7-10 years of watching TV by the time he turns 70. Spending…...

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References

Aber.ac.uk (2013). Cultivation Theory. Retrieved from:   [Accessed: 17 Nov 2013].http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/short/cultiv.html 

Fisherhouse.com (2013). Cultivation Theory. Retrieved from: [Accessed: 17 Nov 2013].http://www.fisherhouse.com/courses/cultivation_theory.pdf

Gulisano, L. (2013). Cultivation Theory. Retrieved from:   [Accessed: 17 Nov 2013].http://www.colorado.edu/communication/meta-discourses/Papers/App_Papers/Gulisano.htm 

Hammermeister, J., Brock, B., Winterstein, D., Page, R. And Y (2005). Life without TV? Cultivation theory and psychosocial health characteristics of television-free individuals and their television-viewing counterparts. Health communication, 17 (3), pp. 253-264.

Cultivation Theory
Cultivation Effects Analysis

As Gerber asserts, cultivation theory helps explain the effects that violent television has on viewers. e can also find that sexuality on radio, television, and magazines has cultivation effects on society. Sex and violence is, after all, the one-two combo that dominates prime-time television. Therefore, if the latter can be shown to have cultivation effects on the viewing public, it stands to reason that the former will too. Common sense tells us as much after a mere cursory glance at our surroundings. The flood of sexuality in advertising, musical beats and lyrics, and on screen and in the printed media surely have an effect on the way societal attitudes interpret sex. In fact, plenty of evidence exists to support the notion that views toward homosexuality, for example, are changing in radical ways. In the decade that has passed since prime-time television began representing homosexual characters in a…...

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Works Cited

Associated Press. High Court Rules Against Fallen Marine's Father In Funeral

Protest Suit. KWTX. 2011. Web. 30 July 2011.  http://www.kwtx.com/home/headlines/High_Court_Rules_Against_Fallen_Marines_Father_In_Funeral_Protest_Suit_117242333.html 

Bonds-Raacke, J.M., et al. "Remembering gay/lesbian media characters: can

Ellen and Will improve attitudes toward homosexuals?" Journal of Homosexuality vol 53, no. 3: (2007): 9-34. Web. 24 July 2011.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18032285

Theories of Mass Communication and the Culture Industry Gerbner’s cultivation theory posited that an individual’s behavior is associated with how much TV that person has watched. In other words, media plays an instrumental role in determining how one thinks and acts. Behavior is cultivated by the media in the individual (Griffin, Ledbetter & Sparks, 2015). Cultivation theory is part of the larger field of mass communication theories, such as agenda-setting theory. The idea behind cultivation theory is that mass media is the main source of information for people, and so they take all their ideas about the world and themselves from the media. People engage in whatever behaviors they do as a result; if they are violent or fearful it is an effect of their engagement with TV. The message system of TV media deals with the content; the cultivation aspect of the system deals with how the content affects the…...

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References

Griffin, E., Ledbetter, A. & Sparks, G. (2015). A first look at communication theory. McGraw Hill.

Identify and explain the four-step process used by cultivation analysis researchers.

The cultivation analysis as a theory is a four step process. Cultivation researchers use these four steps to demonstrate their belief that watching of television has an effect on the culture of people. The first step is the system analysis. This is a comprehensive analysis of the programs that run in the television. Ninety eight percent of all households in America own a television (Morgan, 2012). This indicates that the programs in television have a wide audience. Thus, an analysis of the content of the program is critical to the cultivation theorist.

The message analysis demonstrates that a repetitive pattern in the themes, values and images in televisions. The message system analysis focuses violence in television programs. It is evident that there are high doses of violence in programs and television broadcasts. The image of the real world that televisions portray…...

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References

Morgan, M. (2012). George Gerbner: A critical introduction to media and communication theory. New York: Peter Lang.

Ethical Theories
The three basic ethical theories share a number of similarities, because they each attempt to describe and explicate the ethical decisions made by humans as well as the logic (or illogic) that is used to inform any particular behavior. Utilitarianism offers what is perhaps the most sound ethical theory due to the way it chooses for itself the goal of its efforts, but it is hampered by disagreement regarding the precise execution of the theory. A deontological theory of ethics may be useful for formulating general rules regarding proper behavior, and as such is popular is the workplace, but these rules are not universally applicable and in some cases can actually lead to unethical behavior if followed without fail. Finally, while virtues-based ethics purports to offer individuals instruction for the cultivation of ideal behavioral traits, by definition it cannot offer a universal ethical norm, as it is based on…...

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References

Begley, A.M. (2005). Practising virtue: A challenge to the view that a virtue centred approach to ethics lacks practical content. Nursing Ethics, 12(6), 622-37.

Broad, C. (1930). Five types of ethical theory. New York: Routledge.

Darwall (Ed.). (2003). Virtue ethics. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.

DeConinck, J.B., & Lewis, W.F. (1997). The influence of deontological and teleological considerations and ethical climate on sales managers intentions to reward or punish sales force behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 16(5), 497-506.

Introduction
Theory guides practice. This is true of many things, but is especially true of nursing. While many processes, actions, and rules are involved in becoming a great nurse, understanding and applying theory must be the most important aspect. Nursing theory allows for one to examine concepts and then attempt practical application of these concepts when theories are tested. Evidence-based practice for example, is the wonderful lovechild of theory and application in that when theories are constructed, they are then tested, and if they work, are applied to standard practice via modification. This essay aims to provide a deeper synthesis of nursing theory by examining two important nursing theories: Orem's Self-care Theory and Watsons Nursing Theory. Additionally, one will see how nursing theory has evolved since its beginnings.

Background on Nursing Theory

Many say nursing is as old as humankind. If there was someone sick, there was someone willing to take care of…...

Psychology
Erick Erikson's Theory of Socioemotional Development

Erik Erikson, American psychoanalyst, is known in the field of psychology for his contribution in studying the socioemotional aspect of development among humans. Called the theory of socioemotional development, Erikson posits in his theory that, "people grow and develop "socialized by and socialize others -- parents, siblings, peers, teachers... processes that involve changes in an individual's relationships with other people, changes in emotion, and changes in personality" (Santrock, 2001:338). Erikson identified different dichotomies that specifically delineate positive and negative aspects of socioemotional developments among individuals. These dichotomies are placed at various levels, where different socioemotional characteristics are manifested at each level of the individual's development.

Erikson's theory is an essential tool to understanding human behavior because it serves as a guideline for people to understand the different changes in socioemotional characteristics of people as they grow older. Of course, there are certain exceptions or people who…...

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Bibliography

Dundy, E. (1976). "Life is all ups and no downs on this carousel." New York Times Web site (NYTimes.com). Available at  http://www.nytimes.com/books/99/08/22/specials/erikson-carousel.html .

Santrock, J. (2001). Psychology. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Co.

S. combating the current Taliban threat? David Kilcullen is the chief strategist in the "Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism" at the U.S. Department of State in ashington, D.C. In a 2006 ashington D.C. speech, Kilcullen stated that "insurgency, including terrorism," will be America's enemies' "weapon of choice" against the "unprecedented superiority" of U.S. military firepower (Kilcullen, 2006, p. 1). Citing Bill Murray's iconic film Groundhog Day, Kilcullen notes that until the U.S. masters a form of counterinsurgency that truly is effective, "we are going to live this day over, and over, and over again -- until we get it right."
Granted, Kilcullen offered his remarks nearly 5 years ago, but his context is fully up-to-date when one reviews the current lack of effectiveness of the United States' counterinsurgency strategy. For one thing, trying to institute "democratic processes" in Afghanistan without the "foundation of a robust civil society" tends to create…...

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Works Cited

Ackerman, Spencer. (2010). From Kandahar, a View of a 'Counterproductive

Counterinsurgency'. The Washington Independent Newspaper. Retrieved March 6, 2011,

from http://washingtonindependent.com.

Jones, Seth G. (2008). The Rise of Afghanistan's Insurgency. International Security, 32(4),

Philosophy
Kant's Theories of Good Will

One of Kant's examples of good well is an action that is taken with good intentions; he calls it good because the volition of the action is good. There is no good will in an action taken for the good it might do for others or for the good it might do potentially for the person taking the action. Kant's sense of good will dictates that good will is not good for what the consequences it effects. Kant's concept of good will dictates that something is not good because of how appropriate the action is toward accomplishing a specific end. Even if the action taken did not result in the desired action or even a good action, the value of the good will is not lost, forgotten, or diminished.

Good will rises above personal motivation or desire of the person taking the action and for whom the…...

Novice to expert theory The novice to expert theory postulated by Patricia Benner revolves around cultivation of skills in an individual. Benner basically states how important it is for nurses to gain skills through practical experience. In the formulation of this theory, Benner employs the Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition for practicing nurses. The Dreyfus Model has it that an expert in the making passes through five skill levels namely: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. As the person in question climbs up this skill ladder, his skill set changes positively in a number of ways (Benner, 1984).
The foundation stage, as mentioned above, is novice. According to Benner (1984), a novice is an individual just fresh in the field without prior experience of the environment they currently work in. It is important for a novice nurse to be exposed to new clinical environments so that they can grow their skill.…...

Teaching Philosophy
Teaching is one of the most important, although also the most underrated, professions in the world. Teachers today prepare young people not only for their next level of schooling, but also for tertiary education and ultimately to become gainfully employed and contributing citizens themselves. The problem is that there are so many varying levels of education today, ranging from the extremely poor to the extremely excellent. One factor that plays a major role in how well teachers are able to present materials in the classroom is the education they receive themselves. Although the quality of teacher education depends on several factors, one major argument revolves around whether they should be exposed to unproven theory or not. On the one hand, the argument may be that exposing them to unproven theory may only detract from the central purpose of their education, which is to provide them with the tools and…...

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References

Chye, T.E. (2008, Jul.) Learning to Teach, Teaching to Learn: A handbook for NUS teachers. Retrieved from:  http://www.cdtl.nus.edu.sg/handbook/home/foreword.htm 

The Critical Thinking Community (2013). The Role of Questions in Teaching, Thinking and Learning. Retrieved from:  http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-role-of-questions-in-teaching-thinking-and-learning/524 

National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) (2007, Jul.) Quality Indicators for Teacher Education. Retrieved from:  http://www.col.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/PUB_QITE.pdf 

Porter-Magee, K. (2013, Feb. 8). Common Core v. The false promise of leveled literacy programs. Common Core Watch. Retrieved from:  http://edexcellence.net/commentary/education-gadfly-daily/common-core-watch/2013/common-core-v-the-false-promise-of-leveled-literacy-programs.html

Nursing theory, research, and practice Scenario in which theory, research, and practice interact to create good patient outcomes
Imogene King’s theory
Functional Status
Nurse-Patient Relationship
Using the Imogene King’s theory to enhance Nurse-Patient Relationship
Enhanced Patient care
narrative explanation of your visual representation following the diagram.
Nursing theories have been developed as a way of trying to explain the fundamental importance of clinical practice (INSCOL, 2014). Even though these theories are used to guide practice, it is true to claim that most of them have not been put to the test as a way of determining whether the proposed nursing actions produce the claimed effects. If nursing asserts itself as the professional practice it is a professional practice environment must be supported and practiced. In order to enhance the outcome of patients and nursing staff then the professional nursing practice must be supported (INSCOL, 2014). There exist several nursing theories and conceptual models providing a basis on which…...

Contextual Family Theory
Model Summary

Following are the foremost suppositions for change in the contextual methodology

Morals and principles are conveyed and transmitted across generations.

All dimensions are tangled and motivate people's relationships and behavioral patterns.

Evidence -- facts like genetic information, physical attributes, ethnic upbringing, fundamental histories, personal events and cycle of life.

Specific psychology: The sphere of most distinct psychotherapies and their effects.

Systemic dealings: The essentials of the traditional systemic family therapy sphere which covers configurations, rules, control, orientations, connections, reactions, etc.

Interpersonal consciences: These usually entail the "justice system" or ethical setup that particularly deals with roles, responsibilities, connectedness, caring, reciprocity, devotion, heritage, culpability, equality, and trust within tight knit relationships (mft2011, 2011).

elational ethics rely a great deal on the level of trust involved in the relationship. If the involved are not trusting or trustworthy, obligations and claims to emotions and time tend to pile up. The emotional ledger of every person needs to…...

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References

Boszormenyi-Nagy, I., Grunebaum, J., & Ulrich, D. (1991). Contextual therapy. In A. S. Gurman, & D. P. Kniskern (Eds.), Handbook of family therapy (Vol. II, pp. 200-238). Bristol: Brunner/Mazel.

Fitzgerald, P. (2009, Setptember 28). Invisible Loyalties: Life-Giving 0r Life-Taking? Retrieved from The Bridgemaker: http://www.thebridgemaker.com/invisible-loyalties-life-giving-or-life-taking/

Goldenthal, P. (2005). Helping children and families: A new treatment model integrating psychodynamic, behavioral, and contextual approaches. Wiley.

GoodTherapy. (2015, July 30). Systems Theory / Therapy. Retrieved from GoodTherapy.org:  http://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/systems-theory-therapy

Part One
The primary theoretical models of conflict include the cooperative model, principled negotiation, human needs model, conflict transformation, and conflict transmutation (Dixit, 2004). Theoretical bases for conflict resolution include both macro-level and micro-level frameworks that guide understanding of human behavior and decision-making (Cunningham, 1998). Many theories of conflict resolution at some point refer to human needs theory, which helps clarify sources of conflict as being traceable to unmet needs. Conflict arises when fundamental needs are not being met, and resolutions are more likely to arise when parties recognize what their needs are as well as those of their opponents. Conflict resolution theories based on needs theory focus on how multiple parties with differential needs can reach peaceable and mutually beneficial solutions (Burton, 1990). The goal of conflict resolution will be to attain win-win outcomes, which may ironically require both personal humility and the offering of concessions.

Although human needs theory remains…...

Dorothea Orem
Hildegard Peplau

Myra Levine

Jean Watson

Educational Background

Nursing diploma, Providence Hospital School of Nursing. Bachelor of Science- Catholic University of America-1939, Master of Science in Nursing Education-1945.

Graduated Pottstown, Pennsylvania Hospital School of Nursing-1931. B.A. in interpersonal psychology- Bennington College, Vermont-1943, M.A. in psychiatric nursing- Teachers College, Columbia-1947, Ed.D in curriculum development-Columbia University-1953.

Diploma in Nursing, Cook County School of Nursing- 1944. Bachelor of Science in Nursing -University of Chicago-1949, Master of Science in Nursing- Wayne State University-1962.

University of Colorado at Boulder-1964, M.S. in psychiatric and mental health nursing-1966, Ph.D. in educational psychology and counseling-1973.

Philosophy of Nursing

Humans participate in ongoing interchange and communication between themselves and their environments to function and stay alive.

Peplau considered Nursing as therapeutic, meant to help a sick individual in need of health care.

Holistic perspective, believing environment plays a key role in 'wholeness'.

Caring represents the core of nursing and implies responsiveness among patient and nurse; the nurse co-participates towards the…...

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References

Claywell, L. (2013). LPN to RN transitions. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Fawcett, J., & Desanto-Madeya, S. (2013). Contemporary nursing knowledge: Analysis and evaluation of nursing models and theories. F.A. Davis.

Meleis, A. I. (2012). Theoretical nursing: Development and progress. Philadelphia [etc.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Watson, J. (2008). Nursing: The philosophy and science of caring. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado.

Captivating Essay Topics Related to Public Opinion and Socialization

I. The Role of Social Media in Shaping Public Opinion
The echo chamber effect: How social media algorithms reinforce existing beliefs
The spread of fake news: The role of social media in propagating misinformation
Digital activism: The impact of social media on political mobilization
The polarization paradox: How social media contributes to both political polarization and civic engagement

II. The Influence of Mass Media on Socialization
The agenda-setting theory: How mass media sets the public's priorities
The cultivation theory: How television and other mass media shape our perceptions of the world
The priming....