Criminal Investigation
Investigative Task Force

Assuming that legal authority was not an issue, should this investigation be conducted by VPD personnel or a multijurisdictional task force? This investigation should be carried about by VPD personnel as the lead agency and head of a multijurisdictional task force. There are several reasons for this. First, VPD was the first agency to begin investigation of the crimes because the first explosion and damage occurred there. Second, the task force is needed because there are multiple locations for the explosions, deaths, and injuries. With seven counties and two different states involved, it is very important that a task force is established to work together on a cohesive plan to convict the individuals responsible for the criminal acts. When task forces work together, they can provide proper coverage of a criminal act over a larger area (Baden & oach, 2001).

At what point should the potential of establishing…...

mla

References

Baden, M., MD., & Roach, M. (2001). Dead reckoning: The new science of catching killers. NY: Simon & Schuster.

Barak, G. (ed.). (1998). Integrative criminology (International Library of Criminology, Criminal Justice & Penology.). Aldershot: Ashgate/Dartmouth.

Burgess, A.W., Roberts, A.R., & Regehr, C. (2009). Victimology: Theories and applications. NY: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Deflem, M. (ed.). (2006). Sociological theory and criminological research: Views from Europe and the United States. NY: Elsevier.

The formation of a hypothesis in this case could involve the identification of the most likely suspects. It is important to note that hypothesizing as to whom the suspects could be does not necessarily result in the loss of objectivity on the part of the investigator. This is more so the case if the hypothesis is based on an analysis of the motive and/or presence of physical evidence. Data collection on the other hand could include interviewing witnesses, interrogating a potential suspect, etc. Data interpretation could take the form of evaluating as well as reviewing evidence gathered at that point in time. A suspect can be arrested once there is sufficient evidence to charge him or her in a court or law. This allows for the drawing of conclusions. It is however important to note that the hypothetical example I highlight above in an attempt to relate the scientific…...

mla

References

Becker, R.F. & Dutelle, a.W. (2012). Criminal Investigation (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Hess, K.M. & Orthmann, C.H. (2009). Criminal Investigation (9th ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Cengage Learning.

Osterburg, J.W. & Ward, R.H. (2010). Criminal Investigation: A Method for Reconstructing the Past (6th ed.). New Providence, NJ: Matthew Benders & Company, Inc.

Palmiotto, M. (2004). Criminal Investigation (3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America.

Such problems usually contribute to numerous difficulties in the successful prosecution of suspects of such cases. In most cases, the ethical problems originate from speedy investigations that are not handled in thorough and professional manner leading to false arrest or the case being thrown out of court. Therefore, there is a huge need for the investigator to adopt various measures that help in reducing ethical problems when investigating the cases.
For homicide cases, these problems can be lessened through treatment of suspects as innocent people until proven guilty and not coercing or unduly forcing the suspect to provide information. Moreover, the investigator should inform the suspect of his/her constitutional rights during the investigation process. For rape cases, ethical problems can be reduced by not distrusting the victim's information and treating the victim's testimonial evidence as the initial step for ongoing investigation until the actual perpetrator is convicted. This is particularly…...

mla

References:

Banks. (2004, January 30). The Importance of Ethics in Criminal Justice. Retrieved August 21,

2012, from  http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/4031_Banks_Chapter_1_Proof.pdf 

Lyon, a.D. (n.d.). Investigating and Trying a Homicide Case. Retrieved from DePaul University

College of Law website: http://www.law.depaul.edu/centers_institutes/cjcc/pdf/homart.pdf

As a result, if an illegitimate interrogation or investigation contributes to the identification of physical evidence, the investigation and physical evidence must be excluded from trial. In this case, the interrogation or investigation is excluded on the basis of the exclusionary rule while the physical evidence is excluded on the basis that it's the fruit or product of illegal interrogation.
The significance of the exclusionary and the fruit of poisonous tree doctrine is that they both provide a deterrence approach regarding criminal investigations and the admissibility of evidence obtained from the investigations. Based on constitutional and federal violations, these legal concepts are based on deterrence as the rationale and exclusion as the remedy (Pitler, 1968, p.650). In the scenario involving the warrantless search and seizure of Ellis household, the exclusionary rule and the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine are significant in determining legality of the investigation and the admissibility…...

mla

References:

Farb, R.L. (2002). The Fourth Amendment, Privacy, and Law Enforcement. Retrieved from University of North Carolina -- School of Government website: http://sogpubs.unc.edu//electronicversions/pg/pgspr02/article2.pdf?

"Fourth Amendment." (1992, October 5). Search and Seizure. Retrieved from U.S. Government

Information website:  http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-CONAN-1992/pdf/GPO-CONAN-1992-10-5.pdf 

"Fourth Amendment." (n.d.). Legal Information Institute. Retrieved from Cornell University

Potential contamination issues with the collection of evidence include: environmental and human factors. Environmental contamination occurs when heat, humidity and related elements will damage any kind of clues that are at the scene of the crime. While human factors, are when investigators, emergency personnel and the family could touch something (effectively contaminating the crime scene). Once this happens, is the point that it is more difficult for investigators to establish that a particular individual was at the location. ("Contamination Issues," 2001) ("Collecting Evidence at a Crime Scene," 2012)

To address possible contamination issues a number of tools must be used in conjunction with each other to include:

Having everyone wearing protective gear: A common challenge that will occur at any crime scene is human contamination. To prevent this from happening, everyone must wear protective gear to include: rubber gloves, suits and shoes. This will ensure that any kind of evidence is focused…...

mla

References

Collecting Evidence at a Crime Scene. (2012). Video Jug. Retrieved from:  http://www.videojug.com/interview/collecting-evidence-at-a-crime-scene-2 

Contamination Issues. (2001). USDOJ. Retrieved from:  http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/publications/bulletins/dna_4_2001/dna5_4_01.html 

Lotter, K. (2012). Evidence Collection. Suite 101. Retrieved from: http://suite101.com/article/evidence-collection-at-a-crime-scene-a94219

Warrington, D. (2005). Crime Scene Investigation. Forensics Magazine. Retrieved from:  http://www.forensicmag.com/article/crime-scene-contamination

Criminal investigation plays a crucial role in law enforcement in relation to the arrest, prosecution, and conviction of criminals. This paper examines the evolution of criminal investigation research in light of the developments that have taken place in this field. A history of the criminal investigation is also discussed as well as a definition of the criminal investigation process. The author also examines how DNA, fingerprinting, and forensic science have developed to become crucial in criminal investigation research.
Investigation esearch

A criminal investigator can be described as an individual who collects, records, and analyzes evidence and information related to a criminal offense. The main goal of criminal investigation is to discover the truth regarding the events and processes that contributed to the occurrence of a criminal offense. Generally, the investigative process has four major objectives i.e. establishing the occurrence of an offense, determining and arresting the suspect, recovering stolen property, and facilitating…...

mla

References

Bradbury, S. & Heist, A. (2005). The Use of Forensic Science in Volume Crime Investigations: A

Review of the Research Literature. Retrieved from Home Office website:  https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/115849/hoor4305.pdf 

Morn, F. (2000). Foundations of criminal investigation (chap. 1, pp.1-18). Retrieved from  http://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/hip/us/hip_us_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/0132570920.pdf 

O'Connor, T. (2006, September 30). An Overview of Criminal Investigation. Retrieved November 10, 2014, from  http://www.drtomoconnor.com/3220/3220lect01.htm

This kind of evidence differs from circumstantial evidence. Circumstantial evidence attempts to prove some facts by attesting to or proving events or circumstances from which other occurrences may be reasonably inferred. It differs from direct evidence, which does not need reasonable inference to prove a fact.
A d) Relevant evidence attempts to prove or disprove any issue of fact, which has some consequence to a given case (FindLaw 2009). It is the opposite of competent evidence, Competent evidence is one that is admissible, relevant and material to the factuality of the issue.

A e) Non-competent evidence includes hearsay, privilege communication and illegally- seized evidence (FindLaw 2009). Hearsay is a statement given out-of-court and not under oath to serve as evidence of proof that what it states is true. Privileged communication is a private statement kept in confidence (Answers.com 2009). It cannot be used as evidence in court because it excludes or…...

mla

Bibliography

Answers.com. Privileged Communication, 2009. Retrieved on March 10, 2009 at  http://www.answers.com/topic/privileged-communication 

Exclusionary Rule.  http://www.answers.com/topic/exclusionary-rule 

Brown, Alvin and Associates. Criminal Investigation, 2002. Retrieved on March 10, 2009 from http://irstaxattorney.com/criminalinvestigation/criminal_investigation.html

Congressional Research Service. Criminal Investigation, 2006. North Carolina Justice

Criminal Investigations
History of criminal investigations

The first "detective force" dates back to 1750, when a small group of community members called the "Take Thieves" banded together and rushed to crime scenes to investigate (Swanson, 2003). This group, spearheaded by Henry Fielding, eventually led to the founding of a police force in London (Swanson, 2003). The next famous "father of criminal investigation" is obert Peel, who authored the twelve "Peel's Principles," outlining proper ethics for policemen and bureaus, from how to conduct oneself to where to build a police station (Swanson, 2003). Many of his ideas are still in use today. Despite Peel's efforts, corruption was rampant in the first metropolitan police departments, and failures to communicate between jurisdictions allowed suspects to escape (Swanson, 2003). Ultimately, these problems led to detective work being outsourced to private organizations such as Pinkerton's (Swanson, 2003). Pinkerton's detective agency was famous for protecting President Lincoln and…...

mla

References

Boetig, B., & Bellmer, A. (2008). Understanding Interrogation. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin .

Dept of Justice Technical Working Group. (2003, 09). Eyewitness Evidence: A Trainer's Manual for Law Enforcement. Retrieved 02-17, 2011, from U.S. Dept of Justice:  http://www.ncjrs.gov/nij/eyewitness/188678.pdf 

Napier, M., & Adams, S. (2010). Criminal Confessions: Overcoming the Obstacles. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin .

Swanson, C. (2003). The Evolution of Criminal Investigation and Criminalistics. McGraw-Hill.

Criminal Investigation
This analysis covers different questions on investigative practices and methods. It gives explanation to every question and at the same time gives example of how every question makes sense in practical application. The discussion will mainly dwell on the element of investigation in Criminal Investigation.

We have different methods of inquiry; examples at their most basic level are interviews and interrogations, while on a specific level on a crime scene it involves canvassing as well. Canvassing entails passing through the neighborhood always door to door with intention of getting witnesses who could be able to provide investigators with information on whatever they saw at the crime scene. Interviews tend to be non-custodial, and are the most common methods used to collect information from victims of crime and witnesses. The method of interrogation tends to be custodial because they are always carried out on individuals who are already arrested as the…...

mla

Reference

Kind S, Overman M (1972). Science Against Crime. New York: Doubleday. pp. 12 -- 13. ISBN 0-385-09249-0.

Stanton G (2003). "Underwater Crime Scene Investigations (UCSI), a New Paradigm." In: SF Norton (ed). Diving for Science

Joe Nickell and John F. Fischer (1999). Crime Science: Methods of Forensic Detection University Press of Kentucky, 1999. ISBN 0-8131-2091-8.

Criminal Investigation
Do you believe the police should have access to these records and be able to use them in their investigations?

Yes, in the case that was examined the police should have access to the motor vehicle, employment, criminal records and other pertinent information on the suspect. This is because these pieces of information can establish patterns of behavior that were exhibited prior to and after the burglaries were committed. For example, the criminal records are showing that the suspect in custody has previous convictions for these offenses using the same method of operation. Moreover, they have no known address and do not live at the one listed on their driver's license. (Orthmann, 2012) (Foster, 2005)

If the police have access to different pieces of information, they can use this to show how this person is connected to the crime. For instance, the ability to monitor their financial transactions will help to…...

mla

References

Foster, R. (2005). Police technology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson-Prentice Hall.

Orthmann, C. (2012). Criminal Investigation. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar.

Criminal Investigation: The Necessary Steps to Successful Completion
The criminal investigation may seem like a complex process that is highly dependent upon the nature of the crime itself -- but in fact there is a science to criminal investigation that has been developed over the years and distilled into a basic, formulaic procedure that can be applied in virtually every case (Lyman, 2016). Essentially, the necessary steps to completing a successful criminal investigation begin with an examination of the crime scene and conclude with the involvement of a prosecutor regarding whether or not to press charges (based on evidence) against a suspect. This paper will examine these steps in order and show how they follow one upon the other in the system of criminal justice to address the issue of crime and the problem of identifying and prosecuting a perpetrator in the case.

As Birzer and oberson (2016) show, the main stages…...

mla

References

Becker, R., Dutelle, A. (2013). Criminal investigation. MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Birzer, M., Roberson, C. (2016). Introduction to criminal investigation. NY: CRC

Press.

Lyman, M. (2016). Criminal investigation: The art and the science. NJ: Pearson

oth the U.S. Senate and the U.S. Congress are slowly coming to the realization that they will have to address this issue which the ush administration left behind to muddy the waters of citizen privacy rights in combination with the cases that are presently awaiting an appeal in the appeal courts throughout the United States due to violation of their rights to privacy during search and seizures arrests.
ibliography

Panetta, Toni (nd) The U.S.A. PATRIOT Act. Human Ri9ghts & Human Welfare. Duke University. Online available at: http://www.du.edu/korbel/hrhw/digest/terror/patriotact.pdf

PATRIOT Act the submajoritarian Fourth Amendment. Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review Vol. 41. Online available at: http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/crcl/vol41_1/herman.pdf

Sher, Justin M. (nd) Travel at Your Own Risk: The Government Does not Need a Warrant When it Investigates American Citizens Abroad. Arkin Kaplan Rice LLP in New York. F.3d --, 01 Cr. 1535, 2008 WL 5517638 (2d Cir. Nov. 24, 2008).

Wecht, Cyril H. And Rago, John T.…...

mla

Bibliography

Panetta, Toni (nd) The U.S.A. PATRIOT Act. Human Ri9ghts & Human Welfare. Duke University. Online available at:  http://www.du.edu/korbel/hrhw/digest/terror/patriotact.pdf 

PATRIOT Act the submajoritarian Fourth Amendment. Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review Vol. 41. Online available at: http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/crcl/vol41_1/herman.pdf

Sher, Justin M. (nd) Travel at Your Own Risk: The Government Does not Need a Warrant When it Investigates American Citizens Abroad. Arkin Kaplan Rice LLP in New York. F.3d --, 01 Cr. 1535, 2008 WL 5517638 (2d Cir. Nov. 24, 2008).

Wecht, Cyril H. And Rago, John T. (2006) Forensic Science and Law: Investigative Applications in Criminal Civil and Family Justice. CRC Press 2006.

Criminal Investigations: Changes in Cybercrime
The rate at which internet usage is growing is expeditious. The World Wide Web is fast eliminating the physical borders that originally existed between nations and individuals, and rapidly transforming the world into a global village. The conduct of business has been made easier, and so has education, sports, communication, to mention but a few. Thanks to the internet, people located miles away from each other, who would have otherwise been oblivious of each other's existence, or been able to communicate, can now relate at the touch of a button. This high degree of interaction is, however, also the cause of one of the most damaging cyber related concerns -- cybercrime.

Definition

Cybercrime, according to the Oxford Dictionary, is a crime "carried out by means of computers or the internet." Thus, any crime that makes use of a computer, either as a target, instrument, or as a medium…...

mla

References

Criminal Lawyer Group. (2014). Criminal Defense: The Evolution of Cybercrime from Past to the Present. Criminal Lawyer Group. Retrieved from  http://www.criminallawyergroup.com/criminal-defense/the-evolution-of-cybercrime-from-past-to-the-present.php 

Nandini, R.P. (n.d.). Cybercrime. Think Quest. Retrieved from http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/02257/more.html

Texas AG. (2012). Criminal Investigations. Attorney General of Texas. Retrieved from https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/criminal/investigation.shtml

The Legal Dictionary. (2014). Internet Fraud. The Free Legal Dictionary. Retrieved from  http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Internet+Fraud

Criminal Psychology
Forensic Psychologist

Analyzing the role of the forensic psychologist in criminal investigation and prosecution

Analyzing the role of the forensic psychologist in criminal investigation and prosecution

It should be noted that psychology has not had a clearly defined space in the judicial field. On the one hand, while the law demands tangible and verifiable data, psychology, answers from knowledge conjectural. Oracle named as legatees, seduces us with a place on condition that reveal the hidden, denied the truths we inquire, we are decoders that which appears as enigmatic to the right. "The psychologist is therefore an employee" handyman "who knows everything, very cooperative, but unscientific and therefore, with very little chance of being considered a serious professional and capable. The need to be active in psicolegal stage we do what we ask (Hollin, 1989, p. iii).

For this reason, the legal psychologist must tend increasingly to scientific training enables him to be an…...

mla

References

Anderson, J.F., Dyson, L., & Brooks, W. (2002). Preventing Hate Crime and Profiling Hate Crime Offenders. The Western Journal of Black Studies, 26(3), 140+. Retrieved November 9, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000644850 

Chancer, L., & Donovan, P. (1994). A Mass Psychology of Punishment: Crime and the Futility of Rationally Based Approaches. Social Justice, 21(3), 50+. Retrieved November 9, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000301614 

Hollin, C.R. (1989). Psychology and Crime: An Introduction to Criminological Psychology. London: Routledge. Retrieved November 9, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=103529633 

McGuire, J. (2004). Understanding Psychology and Crime: Perspectives on Theory and Action. Maidenhead, England: Open University Press. Retrieved November 9, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=113687343

New Technologies in Criminal Investigation: Using GPS to go where police officers cannot go
The computer age has brought on a whole new set of criminals: Hackers, virus perpetrators, business secret pilferers, identity thieves and more. The computer age has also changed the way in which traditional crimes are perpetrated too. As we saw in the horrific terrorist attacks of September 11, the Al Queda henchmen stayed in contact with their shadowy bosses over email, and were well aware of planes' schedules and fuel capacities significantly ahead of time via usage of the wide variety of information sources on the Internet.

True, technology has changed the way we live our lives in many positive ways, but it has also enabled criminals to attack their work from entirely different and more potent angles. Fortunately, similar technological advances are also available to the criminal investigation elements of our society as well.

One such advance is…...

mla

Bibliography:

1) Tracking paroles: http://commons.somewhere.com/rre/1995/tracking.parolees.html

2) Recidivism, Savannah Morning News: http://www.savannahmorningnews.com/smn/stories/102898/LOCthroatslashed.html

3) Keeping an Eye on Crime: GPS Monitors Parolees, Trimble Navigation Limited.

Criminal investigation is a broad field of study that covers any and all of the elements that go into solving a crime and building a legal case against the suspects.  Considered one of the applied sciences, there are actually several career paths for the criminal investigator.  Likewise, people from different disciplines may find themselves doing criminal investigative work.  For example, as science has evolved, the role of geneticists and genetic genealogists in criminal investigation and forensic science has really explored. 

When writing your paper, you have two distinct approaches you can take.  You can write a....

Certainly! Here are some essay topics related to Criminal Investigations:

1. The role of evidence in criminal investigations: How is evidence collected and analyzed in criminal investigations, and what impact does it have on the outcome of a case?

2. The use of technology in criminal investigations: How have advancements in technology improved the process of investigating and solving crimes? What are the potential risks and ethical considerations associated with using technology in criminal investigations?

3. The challenges of conducting criminal investigations in a digital world: How has the prevalence of digital technology, such as social media and smartphones, affected the methods and....

Topic Development in Criminal Investigations: Exploring Critical Concepts and Contemporary Issues

1. The Interplay of Forensics and Criminal Investigation

The evolution of forensic science and its impact on investigation techniques
The challenges and limitations of forensic evidence in criminal prosecutions
The impact of forensic technology on case resolution and the justice system

2. The Psychology of Criminal Behavior and Its Application to Investigations

The psychological profiles of different types of criminals
Investigative techniques for understanding and predicting criminal behavior
The use of psychological theories to develop investigative strategies

3. The Role of Interviewing and Interrogation in Criminal Investigations

Ethical and legal considerations in....

1. Unveiling the Genetic Blueprint: A Comprehensive Guide to DNA Extraction Techniques

This title sets a broad and informative tone for the essay, highlighting the importance of DNA extraction and its various methods. It appeals to a wide audience seeking a deeper understanding of the subject.

2. The Art of Genetic Retrieval: Exploring the Principles and Applications of DNA Extraction

This title places emphasis on the skills and knowledge required for successful DNA extraction. It suggests that the essay will delve into the fundamental principles and practical aspects of the process.

3. DNA Extraction: A Gateway to Genetic Discovery and Analysis

This title emphasizes the....