Court Management Policy Proposal
The retributive and rehabilitative approaches of justice are dominant, and research suggests that they have disappointed the juvenile legal system. The rise in youth crime and critiques of the juvenile legal approaches has led to demands for reforms in the way of charging youth offenders. The retributive approach of justice suggests that juvenile offenses are violations against the state and holds the state accountable for sentencing youth offenders (Umbreit and Greenwood, 1999). This approach assumes that punishment will help in reducing future criminal activities; however, research suggests that the punishment is likely to increase youth delinquency. On the other hand, the rehabilitative approaches focus on resolving youth offenses by utilizing interventions including probation, cognitive training and behavior therapy to reform delinquency (McCorry, 2010).

In the same context, restorative approach has also become a widespread alternative to react to crime. Unlike the retributive approach, restorative justice emphasizes that criminal…...

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References

Bazemore, G., & Umbreit, M. (1995). Rethinking the sanctioning function in juvenile court: Retributive or restorative responses to youth crime. Crime and Delinquency, 41, 296-316.

Carroll, A. (1995). Characterising the goals of juvenile delinquents: Nature, content and purpose. Psychology, Crime & Law, 1, 247-260.

Chang, J., Chen, J., & Brownson, R. (2003). The role of repeat victimization in adolescent delinquent behaviors and recidivism. Journal of Adolescent Health, 32, 272-280.

Gehm, J.R. (1998). Victim-Offender Mediation Programs: An Exploration of Practice and Theoretical Frameworks. Western Criminology Review, 1 (1).

Court-Mandated Educational Course for First-Time, Juvenile Offenders
Using education as a means for combating juvenile delinquency issues is nothing new. In fact New York State is launching a program that allows juvenile offenders to keep a portion of their high school credits even when they're incarcerated so that when they do return to school, they can return on a steady progression towards graduation: "Starting this fall, the program, called Close to Home, will enable them to remain in the New York City public school system while incarcerated -- and on the Department of Education's credit system" (Small, 2012). This means that there will no longer be situations where a teen is put in a juvenile program and leaves school in NY at ninth grade only to return a year later, also in the 9th grade. This program, while different than the court-mandated educational course for first time offenders that is proposed…...

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References

Appa-net.org. (2009). Victim-Offender Programs. Retrieved from appa-net.org:  http://www.appa-net.org/eWeb/docs/APPA/pubs/PVRPPP-FACTSHEET-7.pdf 

Carlson, K. (2010). Educating Juveniles. Retrieved from k12.wa.us:  http://www.k12.wa.us/institutionaled/pubdocs/educatingjuvenilesinadultjails.pdf 

Junger-Tas, J. (2010). International Handbook of Juvenile Justice. New York: Springer Publications.

Small, E. (2012, May 21). City sends juvenile delinquents on course to graduation. Retrieved from thenewyorkworld.com:  http://www.thenewyorkworld.com/2012/05/21/city-sends-juvenile-delinquents-on-course-to-graduation/

Court Management TrendsSpecialty courts were established at the Eighth Judicial District Courts with thirteen court programs that target individuals with various intercepts with the criminal justice system. Specialty courts are founded on the treatment court model that offers mental health and substance abuse treatments to reduce recidivism risk rates and provide support for involved individuals to acquire skills and advance their education. According to ones needs, all the specialty courts require individual or group participation in substance abuse and mental health counseling. The programs also involve randomized tests for drug or alcohol, probation supervision, regular court status checks, and collaboration in case management.Specialty court programs utility lies in the long-term objective to save on costs by reducing the public cost incurred while monitoring, detaining, and prosecuting criminal activity following state and federal laws. Specialty courts were formed under the Community Mental Health Centers Act, which led to the closure of…...

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References

Andrews, M. (2015). Mental Health Courts Are Popular, But Are They Effective? Npr.org. Retrieved 4 June 2022, from  https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/12/16/459823010/mental-health-courts-are-popular-but-are-they-effective#:~:text=Offenders%20who%20are%20arrested%20and,treatment%20earlier%2C%22%20Leifman%20says .

Bonta, R. (2022). Victims’ Bill of Rights. State of California - Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General. Retrieved 4 June 2022, from  https://oag.ca.gov/victimservices/content/bill_of_rights .

Davis, T., & Cates, K. (2017). Mental Health Counseling and Specialty Courts. The Professional Counselor, 7(3), 251-258.  https://doi.org/10.15241/tod.7.3.251

Court Analysis
Justice and Court Administration

Administration and management of courts is filled with challenges. Often depending upon the geographical context of the court, such challenges will include resource shortage, a perpetual docket of criminal cases and the broader complexity of providing civil order and justice to communities while balancing constitutional law and local ordinance. Moreover, the complexity of administering justice in and of itself plays a part in the difficulty of court management, with issues such as the deepening ethnic diversity of encountered populations and shifting ideas about victims' rights playing defining roles in the tasks before any given court. The discussion here on language interpretation services and the timeline in the evolution of victims' rights are offered within the context of court administration.

Language Interpretation Services:

It is often the case that courts will find themselves burdened with the task of wading through the details of officer-defendant confrontations in spite of the…...

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Works Cited:

Missouri Courts (MC). (2010). Court Interpreter Services. Courts.mo.gov.

Muraskin, R. & Roberts, A. (2004).Visions for Change: Crime and Justice in the Twenty-First Century. Prentice Hall.

Robinson, M. (2002). Justice Blind? Prentice Hall.

Court Service Management
How does a court system cope with a changing of the guard when a new administration is elected and key executives and managers are replaced, and/or when policy changes direction as a new political party assumes power?

The court deals with transitions of power by maintaining the established traditions and principles from the Constitution. This is used to ensure that case precedent is respected and to provide stability for the entire political system. As the basic guarantees of the Constitution will not change and cannot be adjusted based upon a new party coming to power. In this case, the structure and attitudes will remain the same. This is from the institution and its practices remaining in place. egardless of what is happening with transitions in power. (Koopmans, 2003) (Neubauer, 2012) (Oakley, 2009)

However, the courts will be impacted by these changes to a certain extent. This will occur on the…...

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References

Glannon, J. (2008). Civil Procedures. Frederick, MD: Kluwer Law.

Howard, J. (1999). The Shifting Wind. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.

Koopmans, T. (2003). Courts and Political Institutions. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Lane, S. (2012). Highway 420. Staten Island, NY: Sandi Lane.

Court Systems
The structure and platform on which the legal system is based upon is very important in understanding the total landscape of how justice is carried out within the confines of the government. The purpose of this essay is to explore the inner workings of both the federal and state court systems and highlight their similarities and differences. Also, this essay will investigate the roles of court administrators in the different types of functions that a court serves. A investigation into the state of Colorado and its court structure will also be presented to help give a practical example of the court system. Finally, the essay will address quasi-judicial bodies and their impact on the courts and legal system.

The Basis for Authority

The United States Courts Government Website (n.d.), details a comprehensive overview of the basis of America's court system. The United States Constitution is understood to be the ultimate law…...

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References

Cornell University Legal Information Institute (ND). "Quasi-judicial." Viewed 15 Oct 2013. Retrieved from  http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/quasi-judicial 

Linhares, G. (2012). Role of the State Court Administrator. National Center for State Courts, Trends in Courts, 2012. Retrieved from  http://www.ncsc.org/sitecore/content/microsites/future-trends-2012/home/leadership-and-the-courts/4-2-evolution-of-the-state-court.aspx 

The State Of Colorado. "Colorado State Court System." Viewed 15 Oct 2013. Retrieved from  http://www.courts.state.co.us/Courts/Index.cfm 

The United States Court (ND). "The Difference Between Federal and State Courts. Viewed 15 Oct 2013. Retrieved from   erencebetweenFederalAndStateCourts.aspxhttp://www.uscourts.gov/FederalCourts/UnderstandingtheFederalCourts/Jurisdiction/Diff 

This differentiation refers to the management and administration of the agricultural resources of the kingdom. This in turn involved an organized network of royal foundations. (Wilkinson 116) the second area of administrative concern was the processing of government revenue and "…its redistribution to the various state operations…" (Wilkinson 116) Wilkinson in his book also deals extensively with managements issues in relation to the Egyptian treasury. (Wilkinson 125)
In understanding the background to management in ancient Egypt one has to continually take into account the wide range of concerns and activities that required ordered control and administration. As Erman states in his work Life in Ancient Egypt (1894), "The enormous properties belonging to the temples required of course complicated machinery for their administration & #8230;certain members of the priestly college were deputed to manage the affairs of the treasury, the commissariat and the correspondence…" (Erman 303)

Taking into account the above discussion…...

Managing Employment elationships
The relationships between labour and management can be contentious or amicable, depending on the industry and the leadership involved. When these stakeholders reach loggerheads over disagreements about wages, benefits or working conditions, productivity is diminished, jobs can be lost and national productivity inevitably suffers. To determine what can be done, this paper provides an analysis and explanation concerning the roles of two key stakeholders involved in managing the employment relationship within a UK context, the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service and trade unions. A discussion concerning some of the key challenges that these stakeholders experience in managing employment relations is followed an examination of how the different roles of these stakeholders may impact on employment relations within different UK employing organisations. Finally, a summary of the research and important findings concerning these issues are provided in the conclusion.

eview and Analysis

Trade Unions

According to the editors of The Times 100,…...

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References

Barling, J & Kelloway, EK 1999, February-May, 'Changing Employment Relations: What Can

Unions Do?,' Canadian Psychology, vol. 39, no. 1/2, p. 124.

'Benefits of employer and employee co-operation' 2013, The Times 100. [online] available:

 http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/business-theory/people/benefits-of-employer-and-employee-co-operation.html#axzz2hgohTKtk .

Nearly everything the company does…is aimed at reducing the cost and expanding the scope of Internet use" (Carr 2008, p.2). Because of its business model, Google thrives on innovation, so it can encourage its employees to take more risks in their work and act more independently: "Google faces far less risk in product development than the usual business does. It routinely introduces half-finished products & #8230;even if the offerings fail to win a big share of the market they will still tend to produce attractive returns by generating advertising revenue and producing valuable data on customer behavior. For most companies, a failed launch of a new product is very costly. For Google, in general, it's not. Failure is cheap" (Carr 2008, p.2).
This stress on innovation and its ability to minimize financial damage from failure because of its advertisement-driven model allows one of the most substantial advantages of taking a…...

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Works Cited

Carr, Nicholas G. (2008, January 1). The Google enigma. E-News: Developments in Strategy and Business. Journal published by the global commercial consulting firm Booz & Company.

Retrieved April 7, 2009 at  http://www.strategy-business.com/press/enewsarticle/enews013108 

Helft, Miguel. (2007, March 10). Google's buses help its workers beat the rush.

The New York Times. Retrieved April 7, 2009 at htp://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/10/technology/10google.html?scp=10&sq=google working&st=cse

The most recent trajectory for China's economy has been notable for its absence of emphasis on heavy industry. Mao's original plans focused on heavy industry the major driver of Chinese economic growth. Deng, too, had wanted to build out China's capacity in steel and heavy manufacturing industries. In recent years, service industries and light manufacturing have taken a more prominent role in the Chinese economy. The sense is that during the first years of the reforms, it was essential for China to build out its industrial capacity. Having done that, the only role left is to leverage the heavy industry infrastructure in order to help build out the fledgling service industry.

It was the heavy industry that facilitated productivity growth in China in the past couple of decades. Productivity has contributed 13.5% of China's economic growth since the early 1930s (u, 2003). Substantial improvements in infrastructure and technology were able to…...

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Works Cited:

BBC: China's Economic Reform website. (2005). Retrieved May 1, 2009 from  http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/quick_guides/05/asia_pac_china0s_economic_reform/html/1.stm 

GDP figures from the International Monetary Fund. (2009) Retrieved May 2, 2009 from  http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2008&ey=2008 

History Learning Site. (n.d.) Retrieved May 1, 2009 from  http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/china_five_year_plan.htm 

Harms, William. (1996). China's Great Leap Forward. University of Chicago Chronicle. Retrieved May 1, 2009 from  http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/960314/china.shtml

(Krukowski, 2001) Civil religion and workplace mysticism each change the institutional locus of religious expression from the church, synagogue, or mosque to another public organization- the state or the company. The existence of these different organizations hoists the main question of individuality and perhaps challenging faithfulness.
Both civil religion and workplace theology do not show the likely clashes and problems often met by employees who are also religious practitioners. Jews, Christians, or Muslims who are workforce of a company may well have grounds to question the customs of their company on religio-moral basis. Workplace theology in a funded organization does not distinguish these possible clashes. Institutionally conveying workplace theology is obviously not identical with permitting individual employees to convey their beliefs and customs at work. This grave outlook of workplace theology should not be realized, as a censure of persons who want to live out their definite religious or spiritual…...

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References

Alpert, Richard T. "Religious Diversity in the workplace." Retrieved at Accessed on 4 February, 2005http://users.crocker.com/~amedpub/rc21d/Religion%20in%20the%20Workplace11.htm.

Denise Smith

"Workplace Religious Freedom: What is an Employer's Duty to Accommodate? A Review of Recent Cases" Workplace Religious Freedom / 49. Retrieved at   Accessed on 4 February, 2005http://homepages.ius.edu/LCHRISTI/Journal%20of%20emply/religious%20accommodation.pdf .

Deveney, William D. (September-October, 2004) "Religious Harassment Claims: Case Studies in Good Faith." No. 05-05. Retrieved at   Accessed on 4 February, 2005http://www.etsw.com/NewsletterLB/2004_09-10.pdf .

To do this, her duties could be diversified, and her position modified in order to give her a greater sense of responsibility. One way to do this could be to appoint assistants whom Sue could train to handle her more elementary duties. She could then learn to assist some of the higher-level positions within the company and work her way towards a leadership position.
In today's democratic and equal society, the law protects workers in diverse workplaces. Indeed, democracy and equality in the workplace and society are two of the most important paradigms in the United States today. As a company that reflects the society it serves, it is the aim of WWW.toprovide its workers with optimal satisfaction and opportunities to realize their work related dreams. In order to do this, it is the manager's job to become familiar with all the legislation relating to workers, their protection and their…...

" (Kotler and Lee 2005, p.3). Since this study was published, the contributions have steadily increased making CS an integral part of every major company today.
A report by Price Water Cooper House in 2010 shows that the CS initiatives and reporting has increased despite the sagging economy and this points to a positive change in the mindset of the management of companies. "PWC explains that such reports have become critical to a company's credibility, transparency and endurance." (Business & the Environment 2010, p.5). The reduced role of the Government in business circles is only going to further increase this trend because companies feel they have an obligation to the society at large and they want to make this country a better place for living. All this is done out of their own interest and initiative rather than any force by any external institution. Also, many companies understand the significance of…...

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References

Associated Press. 2011, February 25. State and Local Budget Cuts are slowing the U.S. Economy. Fox News. [Online] Available at:   / [Accessed 27 March 2011]http://www.foxnews.com/us/2011/02/25/government-budget-cuts-pose-threat-recovery 

No Author. 2011. Political Conditions. United States Country Review. 1(5). pp29-258.

Kotler, Philip; Lee, Nancy. 2005. Corporate Social Responsibility: Doing the most good for your company and your cause. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

BSD Global. 2011. Corporate Social Responsibility. International Institute for Sustainable Development. [Online]. Available at:   [Accessed 27 March 2011]http://www.iisd.org/business/issues/sr.aspx 

Management Styles
Fool-proofing a service operation.

In the banking industry, a significant service industry in any country, optimized operations are essential to ensure that the public has maximum confidence in the operators of this industry. ank of America and its operations have been selected for discussion in this study. The bank has grown tremendously in the past few years. CEO, Ken Lewis realized that the bank could gain a wider market share and customer base if it was able to streamline its operations and the level of service. Incorporating concepts of process management was considered essential to the improvement process. (Cox and ossert, 2005) Some of the tools such as six-sigma were used to ensure that a high level of quality was maintained in the service that the provided to the customer.

ank of America recognized that customer satisfaction was paramount in ensuring that the customer was loyal and would use the bank…...

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Bibliography

Anonymous. "Starbucks - Taking on the World." Strategic Direction 20.7 (2004): 13-15.

Coffeeresearch.org. Starbucks and Transfair USA Enter into Breakthrough Alliance to Promote Fair Trade Certified Coffee. 2000. August 5, 2005.

Cohen, Don. "Managing Knowledge in the New Economy." Conference on organizational Learning. Chicago: The Conference Board, LLC, 1998.

Cox, Daniel, and James Bossert. "Driving Organic Growth at Bank of America." Quality Progress 38.2 (2005): 23-28.

Managing Behaviors & Teaching Social Skills
Antisocial behavior in schools in on the rise and has become a concern in school systems, from both a learning perspective and from a safety perspective, as well. Previously, schools have dealt with such behaviors using punitive measures such as expulsion, or even law enforcement measures to attempt to discourage youth from behaving in an undesirable manner. These programs have had little or no effect on curbing behavior problems in schools. Second Step and Boys Town are programs, which implement a positive approach to behavior management. These programs teach youth alternatives to violence and stress problem solving, coping, and conflict management. These programs have had considerably greater success than their predecessors. This research will qualitatively explore the theoretical issues behind the success of these two programs and take a critical look at them to explore ways in which they may be further improved for greater…...

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References

Butterworth, F. (1998, July 26). Why the South's murder rate is so high. The New York Times on the Web. ( http://www.nytimes.com )

Capra. F. (1996). The Web of Life. New York: Anchor Books.

Carlson, N.R. (1994). Physiology of behavior. Boston: Allyn & Bacon

Cohen, D., Nisbett, R.E., & Bowdle, B.F. (1996). Insult, aggression, and the southern culture of honor: an "experimental ethnography." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 945-960.