Cost Analysis and Negotiation TechniquesComparison of Two Articles Related To Software for Cost Analysis and NegotiationsFor making important business decisions, both small and large companies have to make cost analyses to maximize profits. High returns of investment and useful utilization of available resources are only possible if a thorough cost analysis is accompanied by negotiation skills to reduce risks. This paper aims at making a comparison between two articles that include software used for the same purpose. The two articles selected for comparison are based on software as a Service (SaaS) used for cost analysis and negotiation techniques by a plethora of companies in modern times.Comparison of Goals and ObjectivesIn the first article, the author Benlian (2009) discusses the factors that lead to the adoption of SaaS for cost analysis and demand sourcing software. The assessment of the factors took place by creating four hypotheses with their foundations in the…...

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References

Benlian, A. (2009). A transaction cost theoretical analysis of software-as-a-service (SAAS)-based sourcing in SMBs and enterprises [Paper presentation]. 17th European Conference on Information Systems, Verona, Italy. Research Gate.  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221409287_A_transaction_cost_theoretical_analysis_of_software-as-a-service_SAAS-based_sourcing_in_SMBs_and_enterprises 

Chun, S. (2019). Cloud services and pricing strategies for sustainable business models: Analytical and numerical approaches. Sustainability, 12(1), 1-15.  https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010049 

Lee, I. (2021). Pricing and profit management models for SaaS providers as IaaS providers. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(4), 859-873.  

https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16040049 

The raw materials needed as ingredients for detergents require extraction from natural resources, and extraction costs increase as the amounts needed rise. This means that it costs more to use more materials and thus produce more detergent, making materials a variable cost. The factory where the ingredients are mixed into detergent, however, would cost roughly the same to build whether the plan was to produce 100 or 10,000 units per day -- as this cost does not increase as production increases, it is a fixed manufacturing cost. Energy is semi-variable, in that it would require a significant amount of energy for the factory to operate at all, even if it was only producing one box of detergent a day. At the same time, the factory would certainly use less energy producing 100 boxes than it would producing 10,000.
The total cost of producing laundry detergent takes all of these costs…...

Stadium Jumps" the writers discuss the cost of building a baseball stadium and renovating obert F. Kennedy memorial stadium in Washington, D.C. The cost analysts note that the original cost estimate for the project was too low, and that the actual costs of completing the project could be as much as $91 million dollars more than originally anticipated. D.C. councilmen overseeing the project expect that the total costs for the project could climb as high as $486 million dollars, a problem as the original cost estimate was less than $400 million.
The cost estimate is off because it did not account for additional costs with regard to improvements for roads surrounding the stadium, addition of sewers and Metro routes, the money necessary to completely renovate the stadium and more than $30 million dollars in contingency funds for "the likely cost of overruns."

The problems associated with the poor cost estimate are…...

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References:

Goodman, Keith. "Life-Cycle Cost Analysis -- Evaluation and Economic

Investment Team." September 28, 2004. United States Department of Transportation -- Federal Highway Administration. 17, November, 2004:  http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/asstmgmt/lccafact.htm 

Maluso, Nancy. "Activity-Based Costing: What is it and how can reengineering teams use it?" (2001). BPR Online Learning Center. 17, November, 2004:  http://www.prosci.com/abc1.htm 

Nakamura, David & Montgomery, Lori. "Cost Estimate on Stadium Jumps." Washington

Server Virtualization
Virtualization

Not many are aware that virtualization is huge. In fact, it is of great status as it helps make sure that there are productivity and success that may not be offered by those that are physical servers. All of this is guided to a huge change that has seen most of the corporations welcoming the virtual servers primarily than the ones that are physical. However, this type of technology is extremely helpful to the companies and has seen most of the businesses using it and refusing to go back to the old-style way of doing things. It has helped many corporations to cut on its spending and decrease the price that it consumed to acquire when using the physical servers. Of course, there are some specific costs that involve virtual servers actually aiding corporations to drop in its spending. (Wen, 2015)

The price of space is extremely saved. Especially,…...

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References:

Kim, J., & Forsythe, S. (2007). Hedonic usage of product virtualization technologies in online apparel shopping. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 35(6), 502.

Loveland, S., Dow, E. M., LeFevre, F., Beyer, D., & Chan, P. F. (2008). Leveraging virtualization to optimize high-availability system configurations. IBM Systems Journal, 47(4), 591-604.

Wen, H., Tiwary, P. K., & Le-ngoc, T. (2015). Multi-perspective virtualization and software-defined infrastructure framework for wireless access networks. Mobile Networks and Applications, 20(1), 19-31.

Production and cost analysis: discuss it and how we use it.
In any business, there are a number of tools firms will use to increase productivity and improve their profit margins. These are designed to provide them with a strategic advantage and objectively tell them how to deal with critical weaknesses. However, in order to receive the long-term benefits they must utilize specific tools to protect market share and reach out to a larger segment of customers. (Trujillo, 2008) (Taylor, 2008) (Jain, 2010)

Two areas that are often utilized during the process are production and cost analysis. To fully understand how they are applied requires carefully examining each one and the way they are used by firms. Together, these elements will offer specific insights as to how organizations are able to remain competitive and adjust with critical challenges they are facing inside the marketplace. (Trujillo, 2008) (Taylor, 2008) (Jain, 2010)

Production is focusing…...

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References

Hira, R. (2008). Outsourcing America. New York, NY: Amacom.

Jain, T. (2010). Macro Economics and Basic Mathematics. New Dehli: Vilma Publications.

Taylor, J. (2008). Economics. New York, NY: Hougton Mifflin.

Trujillo, L. (2003). Production and Cost Functions. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

The quality improvement plan however also reveals a series of benefits, materialized primarily in the following:

Improved communication among the staffs leads to increased levels of operational efficiency as the information so necessary within the medical field is more efficiently transmitted from one medical staff to the other.

Improved communications between medics and patients lead to a higher rate of information collection, being possible for this to then lead to increased chances of diagnosing and treating the conditions at superior levels.

Improved communications with the patients ultimately enhance the levels of satisfaction on the part of the patients. At an organizational level, it could be argued that this satisfaction of the patient -- and of their families -- would materialize in a positive image for the hospice. Through world of mouth publicity, the patients and their family members would determine other individuals to access the services of the facility, which would as such…...

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Reference:

Armstrong, M., 2009, Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice, 11th Edition, Kogan Page Publishers

Watkins, T., An introduction to cost benefit analysis, San Jose State University, Department of Economics,   last accessed on June 24, 2011http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/cba.htm 

2011, Cost / benefit analysis, Mind Tools,   last accessed on June 24, 2011http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTED_08.htm 

Program Budget and Cost Analysis
Line-Item Budget for an in-Service Dementia Care Training Program

Florida now requires all direct-care staff working with dementia patients to receive specialized training. The curricula offered must be vetted by the Training Academy of the University of South Florida's Policy Exchange Center on Aging, otherwise assisted living facilities, nursing homes, adult day care, and hospices will be unable to accept patients with dementia into their facilities. In order to meet these statutory requirements and improve patient care, an in-service training program in dementia care will be instituted for a hospice facility located in Florida.

The Hospice House in Cape Coral, Florida maintains 36 beds for patients with terminal illnesses. On average, a little over 60% of the residents suffer from dementia at any one time, which is consistent with national trends (Williams, Hyer, Kelly, Leger-Krall, and Tappen, 2005, p. 98). The number of patients tends to average around…...

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References

CMS (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services). (n.d.). Hospice Center. CMS.gov. Retrieved 13 Mar. 2012 from www.cms.gov/Hospice/Downloads.2011_Aggregate_Cap.pdf.

Goyder, Judith, Orrell, Martin, Wenborn, Jennifer, and Spector, Aimee. (2012). Staff training using STAR: A pilot study in UK care homes. International Psychogeriatrics, published online ahead of print, p. 1-10. Retrieved 13 Mar. 2012 from  http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8473487 .

Hobday, John, V., Savik, Kay, Smith, Stan, and Gaugier, Joseph E. (2010). Feasibility of internet training for care staff of residents with dementia: The CARES® Program. Journal of Gerontology Nursing, 36, 13-21.

Hyer, Kathryn, Molinari, Victor, Kaplan, Mary, and Jones, Sharmalee. (2010). Credentialing dementia training: The Florida experience. International Psychogeriatrics, 22, 864-873.

Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) and the Importance of Such an Analysis
In essence, life-cycle cost analysis, LCCA, is an important tool that aids in the qualification of a specified project's alternative investment options differential costs. Its relevance, therefore, in logistics management and operations cannot be overstated. In addition to highlighting the factors of a life cycle cost analysis, this text will also concern itself with relevance of such an analysis.

There are various definitions that have been offered for LCCA. Sanchez-Silva and Klutke (2015, p. 233) define LCCA as " ....an economic assessment of completing design alternatives, considering all costs of ownership over the economic life of each alternative, expressed in equivalent dollars." This is the definition that will be adopted in this discussion.

It is important to note that LCCA can be utilized in a wide range of capital investment decisions, particularly in those instances where costs (initial) end up…...

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References

Blanchard, B.S. ( 2007). Life-Cycle Costing: An Effective Tool for Total Asset Management. Systems Engineering and Management for Sustainable Development, Vol. II, 32-48

Sanchez-Silva, M. & Klutke, G. (2015). Reliability and Life-Cycle Analysis of Deteriorating Systems. New York, NY: Springer.

Manufacturing
A remediation study is conducted in order to determine what remediation will need to be done in order to bring a site up to standard. The history of the site is the first step in this -- the history actually should guide the process. In this case, we have no idea what the history of the site is, so we probably have to test for everything. The remedial investigation therefore will begin by determining the nature of the contamination at the site, and then proceed to identify the risk to human health and the risk to the environment. Further, the study will need to include treatability testing to estimate the types of treatment options, their performance levels and applicability, in order to get a sense of what it might cost to remediate the site in question (EPA.gov, 2016).

The EPA outlines several different types of site contamination. There are different rules…...

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References

EPA.gov (2016). Superfund remedial investigation. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved February 24, 2016 from  http://www.epa.gov/superfund/superfund-remedial-investigationfeasibility-study-site-characterization 

Khan, F., Husain, T. & Hejazi, R. (2004). An overview analysis of site remediation technologies. Journal of Environmental Management. Vol. 71 (2004) 95-122.

NRC.gov (2016). Measuring radiation. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Retrieved February 24, 2016 from  http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/health-effects/measuring-radiation.html

Dibsa should turn towards the market-based pricing strategy, which sees the implementation of competitive prices for the 3-in-1 Lawnmower. The selection of this combination of strategies would generate several impacts upon the company, but most of them would be obvious at product lifecycle level. In this order of ideas:
The sales revenues would be significantly high throughout the first six months and they would allow the company to cover for the large costs incurred in the manufacturing of the product as well as register profits; they would however decrease with the implementation of the market pricing strategy and the 3-in-1 Lawnmower would metamorphose from a star product into a cash cow

The costs incurred in the manufacturing of the new lawnmower have already begun to decrease and will continue to do so; the actual impact of the pricing strategy is limited, with the specification however that these costs will not be…...

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References:

Berman, K., Knight, J., Case, J., 2006, Financial Intelligence: A Manager's Guide to Knowing what the Numbers Really Mean, Harvard Business Press

Bolander, S.F., Gooding, C.W., Mister, W.G., 1999, Transfer Pricing Strategies and Lot Sizing Decisions, Journal of Managerial Issues, Vol. 11

Drudy, C., 2004, Management and Cost Accounting, 6th Edition, Cengage Learning EMEA

Goetz, Jr., J.F., 1985, the Pricing Decision: A Service Industry's Experience, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 23

CVP is very useful for small business also because the analysis takes
into consideration variables like eturn on Investment, or Customer
Acquisition Cost. This analysis allows the company to determine what the
maximum profit volume can be, and how the above mentioned variables can be
changed in order to become successful.
CVP analysis is also able to determine the results of media campaigns,
especially for small business, where results are more visible and can be
observed after a shorter period of time. Furthermore, these results can be
translated into a successful company strategy, given the fact that the
strategy would be based on verified results. In relation to this, market
share can increase due to such a strategy.
For small business, CVP analysis is also used in establishing the
company's budget for certain activities. The analysis is able to provide a
flexible budget variant, which is exactly what a small company needs, given
the fact that environmental changes affect small companies more than they
affect…...

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Reference list:

1. Cost Volume Profit Analysis (2008). Business Owner's Toolkit.

Retrieved May 14, 2008 from

 

00.

2. CVP Analysis (2008). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Retrieved May 14, 2008 from

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CVPanalysis .

3. Kee, Robert (2007). Cost volume profit analysis incorporatinghttp://www.toolkit.com/smallbusinessguide/sbg.aspx?nid=P0675 

Another example of pure job costing is web development, where the processes themselves vary hugely from project to project, meaning the cost and time involved also varies.
esponse

Dosch & Wilson (2010) do seem to do a good job of defining job and process costing, and the person who posted this seems to have understood these definitions fairly well in the abstract -- that is, the definitions provided seem reasonable and the application of these definitions to businesses chosen by the poster are explained in a way that clearly links them to these definition. At the same, the poster seems to have had some trouble accurately identifying companies where job costing might be employed, despite grasping the abstract technicalities of the definition of job costing. While it is likely that an individual laborer might be able to identify that they worked on a particular section of an airplane or wall of…...

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References

Chan, Y. (1993). Improving hospital cost accounting with activity-based costing. Health care management review 18(1).

Dosch, J., & Wilson, J. (2010). Process Costing and Management Accounting in Today's

Business Environment. Strategic Finance, 92(2), 37-43. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Categories of Cost
Cost can be divided into following six categories:

Variable Costs

Fixed Costs

Semi-Variable or Mixed Costs

Total Production Costs

Direct Costs

Indirect Costs (Overhead)

Variable Costs: Variable costs are those costs that change with number of units produced or volume of production (Jackson, Sawyers and Jenkins, 2009). These are also called as the product costs as they vary with each unit of production. Some of the variable costs that changes with the production level include materials, labor and shipping.

Fixed Costs: Fixed cost is the costs that is not affected by the volume of production and remains the same, regardless of the number of units produced. It is also called as period costs which is the name derived by its ability of being occurring over a particular period. Examples include: ent, business licenses etc.

Semi-Variable or Mixed Manufacturing Costs: Semi- Variable or a mixed cost has components of both fixes as well as variable costs. The fixed…...

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References

Drury, C. (2008). Management and Cost Accounting, Seventh Edition, South Western Cengage Learning.

Jackson, S., Sawyers, R. And Jenkins, J. (2009). Managerial Accounting, A Focus on Ethical Decision

Making, Fifth Edition, South Western Cengage Learning.

Yoe, C. (2012). Principles of Risk Analysis, Decision Making under Uncertainty. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group.

Product Costing systems (ABC, job costing, put costing, .) advanced topic managerial accounting the thesis statemenit a position body paper show evidence support position. The paper discuss opposite point view discuss position valid.
Product costing systems

Product costing system is a management tool which identifies the actual cost of producing each product. It identifies the profits and loss which can be gained or incurred on each product, hence giving companies the opportunity of identifying and promoting of profitable product while dropping, re-pricing or redesigning of unprofitable products Brierley, 2008.

Product costing is a highly sensitive area for managerial accountants, recently, most of them have changed their focus such that they give their attention to appropriate treatment costs which are directly associated with resources that are committed to support activities, which within the company do not vary proportionally to production once the initial capacities have been set. In such as an event, it is…...

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References

Brierley, J.A. (2008). Toward an Understanding of the Sophistication of Product Costing Systems. [Article]. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 20, 61-78.

Brierley, J.A. (2010). The determinants of overhead assignment sophistication in product costing systems. [Article]. Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance (Wiley), 21(4), 69-75. doi: 10.1002/jcaf.20597

Brierley, J.A. (2011). A Comparison of the Product Costing Practices of Large and Small- to Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Survey of British Manufacturing Firms. [Article]. International Journal of Management, 28(4), 184-193.

Drudy, & M. Tayles. (2005). The British Accounting Review Explicating the design of overhead absorption procedures in UK organizations, 37(1), 47 -- 84.

Strategic Recommendations for a Reduction of Operating Costs for Burn Care Unit
Burn Care Unit is a healthcare organization operating the 40-bed unit. Since its formation, Burn Care Unit business has been profitable with an increase in revenues, however, the organization has faced challenges in recruiting the professional nurses, which forces them to adopt the Baylor plan. The plan is an overtime policy that adopts 36 hours pay for nurses who work for 24 hours on the weekend. Nurses who work for 60 hours in the weekdays are paid the equivalent of 70 hours. However, the company has recorded high cost of operations because of the policy. Moreover, Burn Care has incurred $800,000 in nurses' payrolls because of the Baylor plan, and based on the recent increase in the costs of operations, the accountant has suggested that the CEO should discontinue the Baylor Plan to reduce the costs of operations. While…...

Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) like AdventHealth aim to improve healthcare quality by enhancing care coordination, reducing unnecessary spending, and focusing on preventative care. Metrics often used to evaluate their impact include patient satisfaction scores, hospital readmission rates, and the management of chronic conditions. ACOs are compared through benchmarks in these areas, cost savings, and quality of care improvements.

Determining the impact of AdventHealth ACO on healthcare quality and metrics requires a deep dive into several factors. Here's a breakdown of key aspects to consider:

Metrics used for evaluation:

• Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) scores: These standardized measures assess preventive....

1. The Benefits and Challenges of Microgeneration for Sustainable Development.
2. The Role of Microgeneration in Overcoming Energy Poverty in Developing Countries.
3. The Impact of Microgeneration on Grid Resilience and Energy Security.
4. The Economic Viability of Microgeneration: Cost Analysis and Evaluation.
5. Microgeneration Technologies and their Potential for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
6. The Integration of Microgeneration into Smart Grid Systems: Opportunities and Challenges.
7. The Role of Government Policies and Incentives in Promoting Microgeneration.
8. Case Study: Successful Microgeneration Projects and their Lessons for Scaling-Up.
9. The Role of Microgeneration in Empowering Consumers and Supporting Energy Democracy.
10. Microgeneration and Energy Transition: How can it Facilitate....

1. Factors Contributing to Business Profitability

2. Importance of Cost Analysis in Business Profitability

3. Role of Market Demand in Business Profitability

4. Managing Cash Flow for Sustainable Business Profitability

1. Business Profitability: The Role of Cost Analysis

2. Revenue Optimization and Profit Enhancement

3. Profitability Impact of Capital Budgeting and Investment Decisions

4. Cash Flow Management: A Key Determinant of Profitability