Corporate Crime
In APA Style

Accounting crimes in a Corporation are committed by either the employees within the firm or by other external forces and the result is that large Corporations are affected and so are the large numbers of stockholders, etc. Of late there has been legislation that is trying to push for more severe penalties for these perpetrators of accounting crimes in a Corporation, though it is a fact that these crimes are now so highly technical that it is difficult to detect and apprehend the criminal.

Corporate Crime

What is a 'Corporate Crime'? Corporate Crime in essence is that type of crime that is indulged in by large Corporations for the benefit of the entire Corporation and for the detriment of others who do not belong to the corporation. A corporation may, for example, indulge in wrong marketing practices, and this would bring utmost benefit for the corporation. However, this is…...

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References

Accounting definition. Accounting, Commerce database.Com. Retrieved From

Accessed on 19 December, 2004http://www.commerce-database.com/accounting.htm

ADVFN Financial Glossary. Retrieved From

 http://www.advfn.com/money-words_term_48_accounting.html

Corporate Crime Through History And Its Place in Corporate America Today
Corporate crimes have taken center stage in our thoughts, imaginations and most importantly on the front pages of our newspapers. Of course, with the recent incarceration of Martha Stewart, we've come face-to-face with the very public persona of corporate crime, but much of the history is behind the scenes rather than on our television screens daily. According to the Encyclopedia of White Collar and Corporate Crime, by Lawrence Salinger, corporate crime has been around as long as there have been corporations. Salinger actually profiles the early corporate crime perpetrators as criminaloids: "The criminaloids encounter feeble opposition and since their practices are often more lucrative than the typical criminal act, they distance their more scrupulous rivals in business and politics and reap an uncommon worldly prosperity. The key to the criminaloid is not evil impulse, but moral insensibility. The criminaloid prefers…...

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Bibliography

Fortune Magazine.

BBC -- Online.

Progressive Business Publications.

Encyclopedia of White Collar and Criminal Crime.

Corporate crime is (is not) like burglary.
Corporate crime is like burglary. Both crimes are about the taking of property to satisfy personal greed. Both types of crime involve using stealth to avoid attracting attention during the commission of the crime. Both often involve the use of deception to make the criminal activity appear legitimate to an observer. Both crimes often involve abusing a position of trust, such as accountant, or maid. Corporate crime and burglary differ in the details of how the crime is committed, but the essence is the same: theft. The essential difference between the crimes is that of scale. Burglary affects one victim at a time, on a limited scale. Corporate crime almost always involves numerous victims at a time, and a significantly higher property value than burglary does. Corporate crime is also much harder for prosecutors to prosecute than burglary. It is less well-defined than burglary,…...

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Works Cited

Haryanto. "Haryanto's Story." Reports. Nikewatch. Oxfam Community Aid Abroad. January, 2000.  http://www.oxfam.org.au/campaigns/nike/reports/haryanto.html 

SimonP, et al. "Timeline of the Enron Scandal." Wikipedia. 15 February 2005.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Enron_scandal 

"Sugarland Police Need Your Help." Attempted Burglary. Police. City of Sugar Land. http://www.sugarlandtx.gov/content/Police_-_Attempted_Burglary.htm

White Collar and Corporate Crime Pose Special Problems for the Criminal Justice System?
White collar and corporate crime present special challenges for the criminal justice system in several different and significant ways. First, they pose a challenge to the criminal justice system in detection, because they both differ from traditional criminal behavior. Second, they pose a challenge for prosecution, because it can be difficult to prove either type of criminal behavior and difficult to have fact-finders understand the theory behind the prosecutions. Third, they pose a challenge for the criminal justice system because the criminal justice system is not established to enable the type of restitution that would be the most appropriate solution for these types of crimes. Finally, they pose a challenge to the criminal justice system because the criminal justice system is set up to assess the severity of crime based on the danger to health, safety, and…...

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References

Maguire, M., Morgan, R., & Reiner, R. (Eds.). (2007). The Oxford handbook of criminology.

Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Labeling white collar crime is a mystery. A shared misapprehension of white collar crime is that, like pornography, it is hard to describe, however a lot of people would recognize it when they understood it. The only thing concerning white collar crime is that no profession is excused or unaffected by it (Geis, 2002). A person just needs to pick up the paper, observe the news, or go on the Internet to receive the statement as an adage. On the other hand, an occupation which culture sights as a profession possibly will offer those persons with the incentive to obligate crime, as well as better ways and chance to achieve multifaceted arrangements that are approximately untraceable to those working outside the occupation.
Sutherland's importance on the devices of trust and power are to the point when recognizing the features that permit profession recognition in the public as a profession. For…...

Corporate Social esponsibility and Environmental Ethics
Abstract/Introduction -- No one can argue that the international business community is becoming more and more complex as a result of globalism. In turn, this complexity is driven by an increasing understanding of sustainability, going "green," and bringing ethical and moral philosophy into the business community. British Telecom, for instance, noted in 2007 that it had reduced its carbon footprint by 60% since 1996, setting itself a target of 80% reductions by 2016 (Hawser, 2007). Francois Barrault, CEO, BT Global Services, said that by supporting sustainability his company hoped not only to reduce its carbon footprint but also to attract younger people who prefer to work for environmentally and socially responsible companies. He didn't always think that way, though. Barrault said that when he first met former U.S. vice president and environmental activist Al Gore, who showed him pictures of icecaps melting, he thought Gore…...

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REFERENCES

Career Services. The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from:

 http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/careers .

Corporate Social Responsibility in the Global Supply Chain.. APEC

Human Resources Development Working Group. Retrieved from: http://hrd.apec.org/index.php/Corporate_Social_Responsibility_in_the_Global_Supply_Chain.

Sutherland was quite critical of why some crimes were defined as deviant, while society appears more tolerant of other transgressions. For example, individual theft is seen as causing great harm, while the harm caused by illegal pollution and the dissemination of hazardous waste are hardly recognized. In 2002, for example, the Carnival Company, a Florida-based cruise company which operates 40 ships, was convicted of falsifying its oil record books. The company under-reported the levels of oil in the bilge water it discharged. The higher levels of oil threatened ocean life. To avoid prosecution, Carnival agreed to pay $18 million in fines (Ferro 2003).

Though Carnival was guilty of wrongdoing, few members of the general public at the time would go so far as to define Carnival's actions as criminally deviant.

In summary, both functionalist and social labeling theories help to explain how corporate deviance are both defined and addressed in society. Functionalist…...

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Works Cited

Ferro, Jeffrey. 2003. "White-Collar Crime." Crime: A Serious American Problem. Reproduced in Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale Group. http://0-galenet.galegroup.com.catalog.houstonlibrary.org:80/servlet/OVRC

Friedrichs, David O. 1996. Trusted Criminals: White Collar Crime in Contemporary Society. New York: Wadsworth.

Sutherland, Edwin H. 1983. White Collar Crime: The Uncut Version. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group

WorldCom (CEO Bernard Ebbers) supported by years of profitability arising from the deregulation of phone companies was a fast moving stock that was highly toted by stock specialists as a must buy, even while it was seriously hemorrhaging from bad and fraudulent business deals and its own shoddy accounting, cover ups and bad investment deals.
WorldCom quickly supplanted at&T as the favorite of many investors, based heavily on Grubman's recommendations. The investment world quickly sang WorldCom's praises as a result. A technology magazine, Network World, named it one of the ten most powerful companies, behind only Cisco and Microsoft. After listing its virtues, the magazine went on to conclude that, "MCI WorldCom will probably be a keeper on this list." 18 as for its investment virtues, Grubman claimed that it was a traditional "widows and orphans" stock, to be held for the long-term. Based partially upon his recommendations, Fortune listed…...

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References

Beauchamp, Tom. L. Bowie, Norman. E. Ethical Theory and Business 7th Ed. New York: Prentice Hall, 2003.

Dalla Costa, John. The Ethical Imperative Why Moral Leadership Is Good Business. Reading, MA: Perseus Publishing,1998.

Fox, Loren. Enron: The Rise and Fall. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2003.

Geisst, Charles R. Wall Street: A History: from Its Beginnings to the Fall of Enron. New York: Oxford University Press. 2004.

Corporate Business Marketing Structure
Analysis of the Sony Corporation's Market Structure

Sony Corporation is a leader in consumer and professional electronics around the world. It is a company founded in Japan in 1946 with headquarters in Tokyo, Japan. Sony produces a variety of products such as cameras, headphones, speakers, and more. Sony Corporation also generates a great deal of income in the entertainment industry, distributing media such and film and television. It is a brand recognized for quality worldwide. This is a company that makes business partnerships that are prudent and profitable. Japanese cultural and economic histories influence and contribute to Sony's market structure and general success.

Sony is heavily involved with audio recording and engineering technologies. It is possible to construct and supply and high caliber, professional recording studio using only Sony products. This corporation has an outstanding reputation for its cameras. Sony produces numerous consumer cameras, lenses, and assorted film accoutrement.…...

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Reference:

Barrett, Jimmy, Mike Bridges, Steve Day, Matt Klingman, & Chris Mattie. Sony Inc. [Webpage]   2011, [cited 2011]. Available from http://www.boydassociates.net ,

motivates people or corporations to partake in enterprise crime?
Among the peculiar aspects that come with business ethics, as in comparison with other domain names of applied ethics, is it handles a wide array of human matters which are more often than not stricken by serious criminality, as well as an institutional structure and atmosphere that is also oftentimes noticeably criminally inclined (Hilts, 2003). The oddity of the situation may also be lost on professionals within the area. It's quite common, for example, at business ethics discussions for most of presentations to become more concerned with straight-forward criminality and they tend to avoid ethical issues within these debates which are actually where we find frequent questions regarding where the correct strategy for countering crimes lies. In this way, all of the discussions of the 'ethics dilemmas' at the beginning of the twenty-first century continues to be very deceptive, since the…...

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References

Doris, J.: 2002, Lack of Character (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).

Friedrichs, D. O. And Schwartz, M.D. (2008). Low Self-Control and High Organizational Control: The Paradoxes of White Collar Crimes. In E. Goode (Ed.), Out of Control? Assessing the general theory of crime (pp. 145-159). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press

Heath, J. 2008, Business Ethics and Moral Motivation: A Criminological Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 83:595 -- 614.

Heath, J.: 2006, 'Business Ethics Without Stakeholders', Business Ethics Quarterly 16, 533 -- 557.

crime discuss reasons crime increased todays society. (Submit a 500
Crime is a transgression of the law on the part of a person or an organization. In order for a crime to be committed, there has to be some formal law enacted which prohibits an action or an occurrence. Furthermore, that law has to then be transgressed for a crime to take place. One of the main areas of crime is violent crime. Violent crime occurs when individuals act aggressively or hostilely towards one another, and choose to inflict corporal pain and punishment. This sort of crime can take place virtually anywhere. In the United States, for example, violent crime occurs fairly regularly in urban environments. Common types of violent crime include shootings, stabbings, and physical violence in the form of fighting.

Violent crime is actually stratified into blue collar crime, which is crime committed by working class people. Working class…...

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References

Valdmanis, T. (2008). "Senate report blasts SEC's Enron oversight." USA Today. Retrieved from  http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/banking/2002-10-06-sec_x.htm

crime doesn't pay sometimes is a whole point which can't be applicable, especially when you're trusted with the management of multi-billion dollar corporation, and to be in charge of the well -- being of thousand of people. It's so difficult to criminalize someone's action, if such action doesn't cause any harm to anyone or if someone doing a lot of critical charity works. The case of Richard M. crushy can be described as one of the most important scenario which can acts as one of the success stories, showing how far most of these business ethnical values can be abused to hurt everyone for a period of time. As stated by Jennings (2012) in his book "Business Ethnics Class" unethical practices can only last for a short time, and nothing helpful can be found out of it.
However, the carpenter teachings regarding people who do not pursue wisdom that are…...

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Sense of entitlement

Jennings (2004a) identified that many corporate cultures are less concerned about their fraud because of their philanthropic endeavors. These good works seem to blind them to their culpability and cause them to both "overestimate their ability and underestimate the risk of being found out" (p. 17). This sense of entitlement constitutes two of the factors that Jennings identifies as "Wild West behaviors" (p. 13) that are common to organizations that ethically collapse; A "culture of innovation like no other" and a "culture of social responsibility" (p. 17). She notes that "the attitude develops slowly as the other factors of iconic status and high levels of success consume the individual right up to a feeling of invincibility" (p. 17). This is amply demonstrated in the behavior of Richard Scrushy, who despite all of the evidence arrayed against him continues to proclaim his innocence of any wrong doing.

Jennings (2004b) identified common red flags that would point to corporate counsel that an investigation into the accounting of the firm might be in order. She indicated that in HealthSouth's case legal counsel "fits the inaction mold" (p. 45), and "like executives at WorldCom, Enron, and Tyco, executives at HealthSouth, particularly Scrushy, lived lavish lives" (p. 46). She concludes that "the presence of many elaborate perks is a red flag all can see" (p. 46). It is these perks that, according to Neeley & Boyd (2010) "encourage[s] executives to take excessive risk with other people's money" (p. 548).

corporate and public shortcomings that arguably resulted in the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The oil spill marked the U.S.'s worst environmental disaster. Whilst identifying the corporate and state cover-ups the triggered the disaster, this study recommends some of the solutions that can be adopted to prevent future disasters. BP's corporate flaws are largely to blame for the disaster.
The 20th of April of 2010 marked the largest oil spill disaster in the U.S. referred to as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (Lehner & Deans 2010). On this day, a fire explosion resulted in the sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig. The catastrophe led to the deaths of 11 workers. BP owned the oil well while Halliburton did the cementing of the well. Transocean Company was the owner of the rig. The three companies engaged in blame games while efforts to deter the oil spill lasted…...

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References

Alexander, K. (2010, 4 June). "The 2010 Oil Spill: Minerals Management Service (MMS) and National Environment Policy Act (NEPA)" Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41265.

Bradshaw, E.A. (2014). State-Corporate Environmental Cover-Up: The Response to the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil. State Crime Journal, ISSN 2046-6056, 10/2014, Volume 3, Issue 2, pp. 163-181

Chen, J.C. (2010). "Bolstering Unethical Leaders: The Role Of The Media, Financial Analysts And Shareholders" Journal of Public Affairs, 10, 200 -- 215.

Gray, R. (2010). "Is Accounting for Sustainability Actually Accounting for Sustainability... And How Would We Know? An Exploration Of Narratives Of Organizations And The Planet." Accounting, Organizations, and Society. 35, 47-62.

Crime and Its Impact on Youth
Crime impacts children differently than it does adults. This paper examines the differences and the reasons children are affected uniquely by crime. It looks in particularly at the multiple theories that can be used to explain these impacts, such as Strain Theory and Social Control Theory. It also identifies the unique challenges that children and adults face as they struggle to cope both with the environments in which they live and the criminal justice systems that confront them. The paper concludes that children are uniquely impacted by crime because they are still in their developmental stage, wherein their psychology and physicality are still highly susceptible to external influences.

Introduction

Children suffer from the effects of crime in different ways from adults. This is primarily due to the fact that children are still developing, both cognitively and physically, whereas adults are already developed. Crime thus impacts the development…...

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References

Agnew, R. (2008). Strain Theory. In V. Parrillo (Ed.), Encyclopedia of social problems.

(pp. 904-906). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.

Barrett, D., Ju, S., Katsiyannis, A., Zhang, D. (2015). Females in the juvenile justice system: influences on delinquency and recidivism. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24: 427-433.

Benns, W. (2015). American Slavery, Reinvented. The Atlantic. Retrieved from  http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/09/prison-labor-in-america/406177/

Org Crime
Organized crime underwrites the bulk of political, social, and economic history in America. What has often been mentioned in passing as legitimate business activities can and often should be reframed as organized crime, such as the trans-Atlantic slave trade and the colonial mercantilism that it supported (Woodiwiss, 2003). When organized crime is taken out of its Hollywood context, which portrays organized crime as an immigrant problem, some patterns emerge that clarify the function and structure of organized crime in America. Organized crime tends to flourish in "societies that experience rapid and intense social change," (Albini et al. 1995, p. 213). This is why the United States has been a hot spring of organized crime in various manifestations throughout the nation's history. In only a few hundred years, the United States has gone from colonial outpost to global superpower. apid change and cultural transformation foment organized crime, as do the…...

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References

Abadinsky, H. (2013). Organized Crime. Belmont: Wadsworth

Albanese, J.S. (2011). Organized Crime in Our Times. 6th Edition. Burlington: Elsevier.

Albini, J.L. et al. (1995). Russian organized crime: Its history, structure, and function. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 11(4), 213-243.

Cornell University Law School. (2014). 18 U.S. Code § 1961 -- Definitions. Retrieved online:  http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1961

Topic Development in Criminal Investigations: Exploring Critical Concepts and Contemporary Issues

1. The Interplay of Forensics and Criminal Investigation

The evolution of forensic science and its impact on investigation techniques
The challenges and limitations of forensic evidence in criminal prosecutions
The impact of forensic technology on case resolution and the justice system

2. The Psychology of Criminal Behavior and Its Application to Investigations

The psychological profiles of different types of criminals
Investigative techniques for understanding and predicting criminal behavior
The use of psychological theories to develop investigative strategies

3. The Role of Interviewing and Interrogation in Criminal Investigations

Ethical and legal considerations in....