Modernism, and how the literature that is considered to be Modernist literature is representative of the period. Then explain how contemporary world literature comes from Modernism
Discuss three Modernists and their work.

Then discuss two contemporary authors. Explain how they represent NOW (or the contemporary world which is from 1968 on.)

Then discuss the differences between Modernism and contemporary literature.

James Joyce, Franz Kafka, and DH Lawrence are three examples of three different modernist writers. Each of them represents a different facet of Modernism. Kafka is most renowned for The Metamorphosis, The Trial, and The Castle. Each of these books probe reality and existence as man understands it and questions our existence on this world. Respect for traditional hierarchy is questioned and the value of man, itself, is at stake. In "Metamorphosis," for instance, a boy turns into a cockroach and is rejected by his parents. We have the philosophical question of the…...

Culture
English writing has taken a new evolutionary path in its development since Independence. India was observed post-colonially by English writers of Indian origin. While new ideas were being developed, emphasis was placed on religious, socio-economic, filial, and political problems as talking points; these issues captured the national movement sensation and attracted the attention of creative writers. Events like the partition and the resulting communal riots following it, coupled with the problems of caste discrimination, misogyny and the squalor in which the proletariat lived, were the major issues of the time. The clamour raised over these issues is massive, with many budding writers boosting the perception of literature as time passes. This paper seeks to evaluate and provide insight into the progress of English writing over a time period ranging from the post- independence period till the present time. Writing veterans who displayed the fifties' realism in their works are also…...

, 2009, p. 80). Even the smallest museums in some of the most out-of-the-way locations "can and do participate in the globalized arena," Holo explains. The leaders of these remote museums, for example the "indigenous communitarian museum leaders in the remote mountains of Oaxaca," who have zero staff, somehow go to meetings at very obscure locations, just to link up with others in the world of art (Holo, 80).
However, when globalization becomes what Holo calls "conventionalized homogenization," that is, everything in museums in remote places in the world become mirrors of "the estern perspective of modern art," there is a necessary response to that negative dynamic. That's not to say that militant nationalism automatically comes into play in this situation, but as Holo explains, globalization can bring "negative baggage" and when it does, as Manuel Borja-Ville explains (he is the director of the Reina Sofia, Spain's national museum of contemporary…...

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Works Cited

Gharebaghi, Ali-Asghar. The Globalization of Art? The Same Old Story? Tavoos

Online / Art Quarterly / Iran's First Bilingual Art Magazine. Retrieved October 6,

2011, from   2008.http://www.tavoosonline.com .

Holo, Selma, and Alvarez, Mari-Tere. Beyond the Turnstile: Making the Case for Museums and Sustainable Values. Landham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009.

Letter," by Mariama Ba, "Devil on the Cross," by Ngug" wa Thiongo, and "July's People," by Nadine Gordimer. Specifically, it will discuss and explain gender and family in "So Long a Letter," the aspects of Colonialism and Imperialism in "Devil on the Cross," and cultural freedom and integrity in "July's People."
THREE AFRICAN NOVELS

In "So Long a Letter," Mariama Ba writes of Ramatoulaye, a Senegalese schoolteacher in her 50s, whose husband decides to take a second wife without Ramatoulaye's knowledge. Of course, the new wife is younger and prettier than Ramatoulaye, and her husband's selfish move devastates her. The book is written in the form of a touching and emotional letter to her best friend from childhood, someone she feels she can trust. "e walked the same paths from adolescence to maturity, where the past begets the present" (Ba 1).

Family and gender are two of the most important issues in…...

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Works Cited

Adeeko, Adeleke. "Plotting Class Consciousness in the African Radical Novel." Critique. 38.3 (1997): 177-192.

Ba, Mariama. So Long a Letter. England: Longman, 1979.

Folks, Jeffrey J. "Artist in the Interregnum: Nadine Gordimer's July's People." Critique. 39.2 (1998): 115-126.

Gordimer, Nadine. July's People. New York: Viking, 1981.

Irish Literature
Ireland has a rich literary tradition with a legacy of authors who have each contributed something to the creation of a cultural identity. For centuries, the authors of Ireland have utilized the beautiful landscape as a counterpoint to the violent political history of the Emerald Isle. Quite literally, the whole history of Ireland can be traced through the literature of the country's writers, both the good and the bad. This tradition lives on in contemporary Irish authors and poets. Two such poets, Ciaran Carson and Allan Gillis, have used their chosen literary type to illustrate their own understanding of Ireland's history. Through their poetry, readers can simultaneously travel back in time and also listen to the eye witness of Ireland's current historical moment. This can be traced through Carson's "Belfast Confetti" and Gillis's "The Ulster ay" in the poetic form, the techniques that the poets utilize, and then…...

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Works Cited:

Carson, Ciaran. "Belfast Confetti." The Poetry Archive. 2010. Web. March 2012.

 http://www.poetryarchive.org/poetryarchive/singlePoem.do?poemId=339 

Gillis, Allan. "The Ulster Way." Somebody Somewhere. Ireland: Gallery Press. 2004. Print.

Heart of Darkness
It was written by Joseph Conrad. The story is set in London, but there is a large part of it that happened in Congo. The writer went to Congo in the year 1980, on June 12. The inspiration for his writing may have been derived from what Conrad experienced in Congo. At that time, Britain had the most influence and power in the world. The Britain Empire stretched throughout Africa, Asia and Europe. Joseph Conrad was born in 1857, in Ukraine. His original name was Jozef Konrad Teodor Korzeniowski. As the writer, Conrad was a foreigner who was looking out. He was neither of African nor British origin; hence he was an appropriate party for writing a story about Congo and Britain. After all, he had insight regarding both countries (Svensson).

Summary

According to Svensson, the novella clearly portrays the Imperialism of Europeans. The novella talks about Marlow's trip on…...

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Works Cited

Hawkins, Hunt. "Conrad's Critique of Imperialism in Heart of Darkness." Modern Language Association, Vol. 94, No. 2, 1979, pp. 286-299. Accessed 9 August 2016.http://www.jstor.org/stable/461892.

Prioti, Ishrat Jahan. "Hypocrisy Of Imperialism In Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness." ENH Community Journal, Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2014, pp. 1-6.   Accessed 9 August 2016.https://www.academia.edu/9941564/ 

Raskin, Jonah. "Imperialism: Conrad's Heart of Darkness." Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1967, pp. 113-131. Accessed 9 August 2016.http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/259954.

Svensson, Morgan. "Critical responses to Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness." 2010. Sodertons Hogskola.   Accessed 9 August 2016.http://sh.diva-portal.org .

American Poet Laureate obert Hass to lift European impact from American English thus making the latter a truly original and authentic language. The paper also cites examples from his collection, Sun Under Wood (1996) and shows how the poet accentuates simplicity to reveal the beauty of American version of English language.
obert Hass: shedding European influences from American English

obert Hass is the former United States Poet Laureate who is known for his simple yet beautiful verses, some of them translations of Japanese Haiku while others simple expressions of his deepest sentiments. In his fourth collection of poems, Sun Under Wood (1996) Hass tried to encompass all his past experiences in 20 beautiful pieces, which moved back and forth in history. These poems reveal something truly amazing about the poet's command over the English language. Coming from a truly modern West Coast, he refused to use traditional or conventional poetic words…...

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References

Wronsky, Gail, Sun Under Wood.(book reviews). Vol. 55, The Antioch Review, 06-22-1997, pp 381(1)

Robert Hass, Sun under Wood Ecco Press, 1996 77 pp.

Venise Wagner, Poet laureate plans to leave small, tangible legacy., Minneapolis Star Tribune, 05-18-1995, pp 12E.

Culture and Advertising
The traditional meaning of culture refers to the way of life for a society or community. Culture comprises of beliefs, value, laws, ideas, and knowledge governing the living condition of individuals within the context of the society. In the contemporary world, this meaning of culture is losing its course. This is because of emergence of numerous components of culture in the modern world. These components include corporate culture, culture of journalism, and culture of poverty to mention a few. This trend shifts the definition of culture to describe the emotional context or setting and organizational character in relation to the word bearing the term culture. For instance, corporate culture describes the atmosphere or activities within the context of the corporate world. The way things happen within the context determines the meaning of culture. Advertisement involves the promotion of products or services with the aim of increasing consumer…...

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Works Cited

Ruihley, Brody J., Rodney C. Runyan, and Karen E. Lear. "The Use of Sport Celebrities In

Advertising: A Replication And Extension." Sport Marketing Quarterly 19.3 (2010):

132-142. Business Source Complete. Web. 4 July 2012.

Ibrahim, A.M. Alnawas. "The Influence of Using Celebrities On Consumers Buying Behavior."

Literature eview: Community PolicingCordner\\\'s (2014) work in \\\"The Oxford Handbook of Police and Policing\\\" provides a foundational understanding of community policing. He defines community policing as a philosophy and practice that encourages proactive community engagement to address the causes of crime and societal issues. Cordner emphasizes the importance of resources in implementing community policing strategies effectively. He argues that adequate funding, personnel, and training are crucial for the success of community policing initiatives. This aligns with the thesis by showing how resource constraints can hinder the ability of law enforcement agencies to engage effectively in community policing practices. Cordner\\\'s analysis is particularly relevant to the research question as it supports the relationship between resource availability and the efficacy of community policing.Dubal\\\'s (2012) article provides a critical perspective on the challenges faced by community policing in the post-9/11 era, particularly focusing on the impact of federal surveillance programs. This source is…...

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ReferencesCordner, G. (2014). Community policing. The Oxford handbook of police and policing, 148-171. The Oxford Handbook of Police and Policing (squarespace.com) Dubal, V. (2012). The demise of community policing: The impact of post-9/11 federal surveillance programs on local law enforcement. Asian Am. LJ, 19, 35.Greene, J. R. (2000). Community policing in America: Changing the nature, structure, and function of the police. Criminal justice, 3(3), 299-370.Parlow, M. J. (2011). The great recession and its implications for community policing. Ga. St. UL Rev., 28, 1193.Skogan, W. G., & Hartnett, S. M. (2019). Community policing. Police innovation: Contrasting perspectives, 27-44.Thacher, D. (2001). Conflicting values in community policing. Law and society review, 765-798.5-798.

Spanish and American Democracy
The United States of America and Spain are both now industrialized nations and modern democracies, but their paths to democracy and global influence were quite distinct. The United States of America was formally founded in 1776 by a group of early American politicians who envisioned the young nation as an alternative in democratic governance in contrast and opposition to the monarchies still in ruling power throughout Europe. Spain was one of these European countries under monarchial rule in the 18th century and remained a monarchy for 201 years after the official adoption of the democratic Constitution in the United States of America. Spain's transition to democratic rule is largely considered to have begun in 1975 when the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco passed away, although there are other dates in the 1970s that are also said to mark the transition as well.

The philosophical foundations of the democratic republic…...

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Resources

Conversi, Daniele. (2002) 'The smooth transition: Spain's 1978 Constitution and the nationalities question', National Identities, vol. 4, no 3, pp. 223 -- 244

Crapol, Edward P. (1992). "Coming to Terms with Empire: The Historiography of Late-Nineteenth-Century American Foreign Relations," Diplomatic History 16: 573 -- 97

Fry, Joseph A. (1996) "From Open Door to World Systems: Economic Interpretations of Late-Nineteenth-Century American Foreign Relations," Pacific Historical Review 65:277 -- 303.

Higginbotham, Don. (1983) The War of American Independence: Military Attitudes, Policies, and Practice, 1763 -- 1789.

records court transcripts from "The Trials of Oscar ilde," when the opposing council at the trial asks the defendant, Oscar ilde, if he kissed one of the boys whom ilde was supposed to have engaged in homosexual practices, ilde appears unfazed. hen asked if he kissed the boy, ilde, with customary wit, responded that he did not, because "he was a very ugly boy." This kind of exchange forces the reader to ask the question not so much why ilde was found guilty of gross indecency, but why ilde ever believed he could be found innocent of the love that "dare not speak its name." (Longman Anthology 2125)
Throughout both of his trials, ilde adopts a kind of insouciant, provocative pose that seems, to the modern eyes, to be a 'typical' portrait of a flamboyant male homosexual. Because Oscar ilde's artistic medium has become synonymous with such a posture it…...

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Works Cited

Barry, Peter. Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. Manchester University Press, 2002.

Longman, Addison Wesley. The Longman Anthology-British Literature-Compact Edition-Volume B2. University of Southern California Press, 1999

Essay Topic Examples
The Role of Oral Traditions in Shaping Contemporary Rwandan Literature

This essay would explore how Rwanda's strong heritage of oral traditions, including storytelling, folktales, and poetry, has influenced modern Rwandan literature. It would examine the transition from oral to written forms, how traditional themes are reflected in contemporary works, and the impact of this evolution on Rwandan identity and culture.


ost-Genocide Narratives: Healing and Reconciliation through Rwandan Literature

In this essay, the focus would be on analyzing how Rwandan authors have addressed the traumatic experience of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. It would delve into the themes of healing, memory, and reconciliation in literature, and consider how literature contributes to the national rebuilding process and the collective healing of Rwandan society.


Contemporary Rwandan oetry: Language, Identity, and Expression

This topic invites a closer look at the current landscape of Rwandan poetry, discussing how poets use language to craft their identity and articulate…...

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Primary Sources

Mukasonga, Scholastique. Our Lady of the Nile. Archipelago Books, 2014.

Tadjo, Véronique. The Shadow of Imana: Travels in the Heart of Rwanda. Heinemann, 2002.

Hatzfeld, Jean. Life Laid Bare: The Survivors in Rwanda Speak. Other Press, 2007.

Diop, Boubacar Boris. Murambi, the Book of Bones. Indiana University Press, 2006.

Rwanda Writers Federation. Anthology of Rwandan Poetry in Kinyarwanda and English. Huza Press, 2015.

tomorrow / Bright before us / Like a flame. (Alain Locke, "Enter the New Negro," 1925)
rom the 1920's Alain Leroy Locke has been known as a prominent figure in the Harlem Renaissance. Through his writings, his actions and his education, Locke worked to educate not only White America, but also the Negro, about the beauty of the Negro heritage. He emphasized the idea that no single culture is more important than another. Yet it was also important to give sufficient attention to one's own culture and its beauty. This was Locke's philosophy of cultural pluralism.

The White heritage has enjoyed prominence for a large part of American history. During the colonization period, the Whites have emphasized their own superiority while at the same time ensuring that people of other ethnic heritages knew in no uncertain terms their own inferiority. This gave rise to a nearly monocultural America, where all other…...

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Furthermore Locke's writings are lauded for their cultural and historical importance rather than their literary style. Being very prominent in educational and artistic circles I find this hard to believe. Certainly a man who has been educated in the highest of quality schools should be able to produce something of purely literary merit.

Despite these issues which are admittedly a matter of opinion, it is very significant that Locke's influence extends to modern literary circles in this way. Locke's influence in the areas of education, culture and empowerment also remain to this day in terms of recognized Black culture and the promotion of cultural pluralism. The ALLS has been officially recognized by the American Philosophical Association in a letter from Secretary-Treasurer, William Mann, on November 26, 1997.

Locke's influence thus reaches far beyond his lifespan in order to not only empower and inspire, but also to enlighten and to entertain. Locke was the epitome of the New Negro.

Adorno correct in charging that "art as commodity" has no redeeming aesthetic value?
As frequently stated by Adorno, the 'aesthetic' element has failed to keep up with progresses in the art field. Ever since its expression as an area of examination, aesthetics has typically failed to achieve its goal of explaining, identifying or evaluating its object that, chiefly, continues to be art. Moreover, frequently, artists who doubted aesthetics' contribution raised the question of why some people waste their and others' time aiming at getting value judgments, not realizing that value judgments are all they ultimately receive (Bernstein, 185).

Art as a concept hesitates when it comes to getting defined, as it is traditionally an evolving collection of moments. Also, its nature can't be determined by retracing one's path to its origins, seeking a basic, initial layer reinforcing all else. The latter age romantics considered ancient art as pure and supreme. Their…...

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Works cited

Adorno, Theodor W. "Aesthetic theory, trans." Robert Hullot-Kentor (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997) 329 (1997). Web. 31 December 2016

Bernstein, Jay M., et al. "Art and Aesthetics after Adorno." Townsend Center for the Humanities (2010). Web. 31 December 2016.

Hohendahl, Peter Uwe. The fleeting promise of art: Adorno's aesthetic theory revisited. Cornell University Press, 2013. Print.

Jane Austen's Persuasion: Anne Elliot's Coming Out The writings of Jane Austen are often considered to be the representation of an excessively conservative era. Though this may truly be the case especially in regards to the formal and informal interactions between the opposite genders. A woman's reputation could be made or broken by a simple turn of events. The challenge of maintaining these standards for conduct, where even the minutest misunderstanding might cause years of disassociation seems to be as formidable as any. The story is one of the personal growth of the heroine Anne Elliot. She branches out into a world, limited by her position but much less so than before.
Though waters of social understanding were often murky the reality of Persuasion is such that the heroine, Anne Elliot is assuming the role of "director" of her own life. Austen is telling the story of a woman learning that…...

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Works Cited

Austen, Jane Persuasion. Hertfordshire, UK: Wordsworth Ltd., 1993.

**Literary Analysis and Criticism**

* **Compare and contrast the literary techniques and themes employed by two or more authors in their works.**
* **Analyze the structure, language, and symbolism in a literary work to uncover its deeper meanings.**
* **Examine the historical and cultural context that influenced the creation and reception of a literary text.**
* **Explore the psychoanalytic or feminist perspectives on a literary work and discuss their implications.**
* **Evaluate the significance and lasting impact of a particular literary movement or genre.**

**Rhetorical Analysis and Argument**

* **Analyze the persuasive techniques used in a speech, essay, or other persuasive text.**
* **Evaluate the logical reasoning and....

Yes, there are many essay topics in literature that can be debated from opposing viewpoints. Some examples include:

1. The role of fate vs. free will in Shakespeare's plays
2. The moral ambiguity of the protagonist in F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby"
3. The portrayal of gender and sexuality in Virginia Woolf's works
4. The effectiveness of satire in Jonathan Swift's "Gulliver's Travels"
5. The value of studying classic literature vs. contemporary literature

These topics can lead to interesting and thought-provoking debates, as they allow for different interpretations and perspectives on the themes and messages presented in literary works.
6. The impact of historical context on....

1. Analyze the role of gender in classic literature
2. Explore the theme of love and loss in Shakespeare’s works
3. Compare and contrast the portrayal of society in 19th century British novels
4. Discuss the use of symbolism in modern literature
5. Examine the impact of historical events on literature from different time periods
6. Interpret the significance of the hero’s journey in epic literature
7. Investigate the role of race and ethnicity in contemporary literature
8. Analyze the representation of mental illness in literature
9. Explore the theme of identity and self-discovery in coming-of-age novels
10. Discuss the evolution of the anti-hero in literary works.
11. Investigate the....

Research-Based Essay on The Lottery

Introduction

"The Lottery," Shirley Jackson's chilling short story, has captivated readers since its publication in 1948. This essay will delve into the story's historical and sociological context, examining how it reflects the fears and anxieties of post-World War II America. Through a research-based analysis, we will explore the various interpretations of the story and its enduring significance in contemporary literature.

Ritual and Tradition

"The Lottery" centers around a yearly ritual in an unnamed village, where the community participates in a seemingly harmless lottery drawing. However, as the story progresses, the horrific nature of the ritual is revealed: the winner....