Nurses may feel as if they do not have anyone who understands them: even their non-nursing partners may not seem to truly comprehend what they deal with on a regular basis, day in and day out at the hospital. Nurses may be isolated from one another in the hospital, too busy to 'talk shop' in a positive way with like-minded colleagues, or deal with doctors who are not sympathetic to the unique demands of nursing. Nurses may also find it difficult to have an appropriate work and life balance, as increasingly they are pressured to do more and more at work, to make up for declining numbers of caregivers at the facilities where they work. They may be called upon to perform many additional duties traditionally performed by doctors and physician's assistants that strain at the traditional definitions of nursing.
Nurses may feel as if their unique insights as nurses…...

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Works Cited

Burnout: Warning signs. NurseWeek. 97.2.

Retrieved July 9, 2009 at http://www.nurseweek.com/features/97-2/burn2.html

Gelinas, Lillee. (2003, October 1). Addressing nurse burnout - Changing culture is the cure

Staffing the Suite. Endonurse. Retrieved July 9, 2009 at  http://www.endonurse.com/articles/3a1staffing.html

According to Madeline Leiningers, three models or models of guiding judgments are made by nursing professionals. A number of facets that make them provide appropriate and beneficial nursing activities and services to the people guide the decisions and action made by nurses.

The guidelines are rudimentary to providing a multicultural state of nursing care to all the patients involved. In a broader sense, the theory advocates for the provision of a broader sense of health to all the people in the world. The theory advocates for a preservation and maintenance mode of providing health services. Through this, the theory perceives a capability and possibility of having a suitable ground that enables all the finest strands concerned to provide adequate health care to all the people. The theory advocates for an accommodative and negotiate approach of health provision. Through this mode, the nurses are able to make equitable decisions that are directed…...

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References

Andrews, M.M., & Boyle, J.S. (2008). Transcultural concepts in nursing care. Philadelphia:

Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Leininger, M. (2005). Culture Care Diversity & Universality: A Theory of Nursing. Sudbury,

MA Jones & Bartlett

Thus, foreign policy decisions are not actually decisions at all, but rather unplanned outcomes that result from "compromise, coalition, competition, and confusion among government officials who see different faces of an issue" (708). Though Allison once again uses the analogy of players to illustrate this model, these players are not all on the same team. Instead, the players are political bureaucrats attempting to win the game by getting the best solution to their problems without loosing their own world interests.

A variety of theories about the decision to go to ar in Iraq suggest that the Bureaucratic Politics Model may be an excellent fit to the foreign policy decision. The most prominent is the theory that the ar in Iraq was essentially a war for oil. According to Alan Greenspan, the former chairman of the Federal Reserve and a conservative, in his 2007 biography, the United States went to war in…...

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Works Cited

Allison, Graham T. "Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis." The American

Political Science Review. 63.3 (1969): 680-718.

Bendor, Jonathan and Hammond, Thomas M. "Rethinking Allison's Models." American

Political Science Review. 86.2 (1992): 301-322.

eCities composes of the annual research that assists local communities to measure and benchmark their performances in order to foster economic development, entrepreneurship and job growth. The eCities also aims to create environment that will enhance expansion of business organizations within the communities. More importantly, the eCities allow the local governments to implement their projects using the online interface that connects 32 items, six factors, township, empirical index and village level data. The benefits that the eCities deliver to the stakeholders make the policy makers to decide expanding the eCities information systems to assist the organization to deliver benefits that are more meaningful to all the stakeholders.
Objective of this project is to design information systems for eCities. The project develops a data flow diagram that provides the goals of the information systems and the computer programs that will be required for the systems.

Data Flow Diagrams

A DFD (Data Flow Diagram)…...

" This reflects the gap that exists between the complexities of the real world and the abilities of abstract models. Models are by definition simplified ways of understanding complex phenomenon; they are necessarily incomplete in their estimations and valuations of real world figures and occurrences. This is why "all models are wrong." "Some models are useful," however, because they are able to approximate to a high degree the outcomes of real world events despite the incomplete nature of the information processed by the model. To make a model useful, bias must be removed. This is not an issue with the certainty of mathematical models, but conceptual models are necessarily subjective, built on the modeler's understanding of an issue. educing bias is key to the model's performance.
eferences

Aspinall, D. (2007). "Designing interaction." University of Edinburgh. Accessed 30 July 2009. http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/teaching/courses/hci/0708/lecs/intdesign-6up.pdf

Kay, J. (2006). "Amaranth and the limits of mathematical modeling." Financial times, 10…...

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References

Aspinall, D. (2007). "Designing interaction." University of Edinburgh. Accessed 30 July 2009.  http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/teaching/courses/hci/0708/lecs/intdesign-6up.pdf 

Kay, J. (2006). "Amaranth and the limits of mathematical modeling." Financial times, 10 October. Accessed 30 July 2009. http://www.johnkay.com/decisions/464

Nursing Concepts and Theory
Conceptual-Theoretical Structure paper

Personal belief about nursing theory and knowledge development process for nursing practice

All nursing theories play an important role in defining nursing and giving the roles that nurses need to play. Originally, the role of nurses was simply to carry out activities as instructed by doctors, however, over the years, this role has been changed to include more responsibilities as the nursing world has evolved. Nursing theories describe, predict and explain the various phenomena in nursing practice and thus create foundations for nursing practice. They also help to generate knowledge in the field of nursing and to point the direction which the field should develop in future. This view is supported by Carper (1978)

who states that nursing theories elaborate nursing practice and create professional boundaries for the profession. Nursing knowledge comes from research that has been conducted on nursing which forms scientific knowledge and experience gained…...

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References

Anderson, A.M. (2005). Nursing Leadership, Management, and Professional Practice for the LPN/LVN (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company.

Carper, B. (1978). Fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 1(1), 13-23.

Clark, M.J. (2003). Community health nursing: Caring for populations (Fourth ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Dayer-Berenson, L. (2010). Cultural Competencies for Nurses: Impact on Health and Illness. Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Dulles proposed five models of the Church in his former book "models of the Church.' The first model sees the Church as "a divinely established society with definite articles of belief and binding law" (254). As a single, organized, visible order, salvation can be found in only one place -- the Church, inside it and not external to it, and to Roman Catholics inside one place and one place only and that is the RC church.
The second model postulates that the church is the communal site for an atmosphere of love and grace that is wrought through the Holy Spirit and is evidenced both between the community members themselves (between fellow and fellow) and also between worshipper and God.

According to the third model, the Church embodies within itself the Grace and spirit of Christ. In that sense, it serves -- or is -- a sacrament, a visible sacred symbol that,…...

Likewise, Callista oy's Adaptation Model of Nursing provides a contextual bridge between the internal physiological determinants of patient health and the crucial aspects of external environment that typically influence patient health and (especially) patient perceptions and attitudes about health and medical or nursing interventions. Together, application of the principles promoted by Watson's Caring Model and by oy's Adaptation Model of nursing complement my clinical training in a manner that I believe enables me to contribute the most to my patients, to my profession, and to myself as a nurse.
eferences

Dobratz, M.C. "Moving nursing science forward within the framework of the oy

Adaptation Model." Nursing Science Quarterly, Vol. 21; (2008): 255-259.

Fawcett, J. (2005). Analysis and Evaluation of Conceptual Models of Nursing, St. Louis,

MO: Mosby.

Pipe, T.B., Kelly, a., LeBrun, G.; Schmidt, D., Atherton, P., and obinson, C. "A

prospective descriptive study exploring hope, spiritual well-being, and quality of life in hospitalized patients." MedSurg Nursing.…...

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References

Dobratz, M.C. "Moving nursing science forward within the framework of the Roy

Adaptation Model." Nursing Science Quarterly, Vol. 21; (2008): 255-259.

Fawcett, J. (2005). Analysis and Evaluation of Conceptual Models of Nursing, St. Louis,

MO: Mosby.

Trans-Theoretical Model for Health Behaviors
The adoption of a healthier and new clinical behavior consists of multiple factors. The oger's diffusion theory is helpful in adopting specific clinical health behaviors. oger identifies compatibility, relative advantages, complexity, observability, and trialability as the elements that determine a change clinical behavior. (Sanson-Fisher, 2004).

Moreover, the TTM ("Trans-theoretical Model of Behavioral Change") (James & Wayne, 1997 p 38) is one of the most popular theoretical models used to modify a health behavior. The TTM focuses on decision-making with reference to the abilities of an individual rather biological and social influences on human behavior. The paper uses the TTM for the implementation plan for heathier changes of diabetes patients.

Overview of the TTM

The trans-theoretical model of health behavioral changes involves six changes: Contemplation, preparation, pre-contemplation, maintenance, action and termination. In essence, the model assesses the individual readiness to employ a healthier behavior as well providing a process…...

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Reference

Campbell, J. (2012). Diabetes Empowerment. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics, 14

(7), 630-634.

James O. P. & Wayne, F. V. (1997) The Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change. American Journal of Health Promotion.12 (1):38-48.

Lach, H.W. Everard, K.M. Hisghstein, G. et al. (2004). Application of the Transtheoretical Model to Health Education for Older Adults. Health Promotion Practice. 5 (1): 88-93.

oy Model
The patient history for Tory is the following: She is a 28-year-old professional in the H division at a managing firm, who suffers from debilitating obsessive-compulsive disorder, which for the past few months has intruded into every sector of her personal and public life, even causing her to miss work. She is also now having suicidal thoughts, which are reoccurring for the past two weeks. She has considered jumping from the window of her apartment, even though she says she would not do it -- she simply imagines herself doing this and therefore fears that she might actually leap if she does not get control of herself. For years her work has been the only comfort in her life and now even that is in danger of being lost. Her background is that she is an only child of parents who divorced when she was 7. Her father…...

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References

Rambo, B. (2004). Adaptive Nursing. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.

Roy, C. (1980) "The Roy Adaptation Model." In Riehl, J. P.; Roy, C. Conceptual Models

for Nursing Practice. Norwalk: Appleton: Century Crofts.

Roy, C. (1997). Future of the Roy Model: Challenge to Redefine Adaptation. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(1): 42-48.

Autonomy-Supportive coaching style is more effective for female than male athletes in team sports.
Gender (nominal)

Gender is a concept which connects directly to the sense of how receptive or non-receptive humans are likely to be regarding all forms of coaching. Gender is one manifestation of the notion of how prosocial or anti-social human beings are likely to be. Some experts have argued that human beings are naturally inclined to be prosocial animals when given the proper nurturing -- such as a namely this type of support mechanism: when this type of support is lacking, it is more than likely that one will substitute it by pursuing extrinsic goals such as fame, ego enhancement or other extrinsic rewards. Such rewards are not something which help to reinforce prosocial behavior (Hodge & Lonsdale, 2011).

Thus, given this research the question becomes whether or not female athletes are more prosocial than male athletes and thus,…...

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References

Bartholomew, K., Ntoumanis, N., & Thogersen-Ntoumani, C. (2010). The Controlling Interpersonal Style in a Coaching Context. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 193-216.

Hodge, K., & Lonsdale, C. (2011). Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 527-547.

Khaef, M., & Noorbakhsh, M. (2013). Relationship between Perceived Autonomy - Supportive Behaviors of Coaches . Journal of Basic and Applied Research, 229-234.

Mallett, C. (2011). Understanding motivation to enhance the quality of coaching. Retrieved from www.ausport.gov.au:  http://www.ausport.gov.au/sportscoachmag/psychology2/understanding_motivation_to_enhance_the_quality_of_coaching

Walmart's E-commerce Strategy: Annotated...

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Kujacic, M., Blagojevic, M., Sarac, D., & Vesovic, V. (2015). The modified activity-based costing method in universal postal service area: case study of the Montenegro cost. Engineering Economics, 26(2), 142-151.

Onat, O., Anitsal, I., & Anitsal, M. (2014). Activity-based costing in services industry: a conceptual framework for entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial Executive, 149-167.

Stefano, N., & Freitas, M. (2014). Framework: activity-based costing in services. Brazilian Journal of Management, 7(1), 153-169.

Facilitating Change to Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing: The Iowa and Stetler Models
The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice

Developed by Marita Titler to promote quality healthcare, the Iowa Model is a source of guidance for nurses and clinicians when making decisions that have an impact on patient outcomes. It infuses research into practice by using a multidisciplinary team approach to address a number of topics that are clinically important (Melryk and Overholt, 2011). This model is represented as an algorithm that has well-defined feedback loops as well as decision points. The very first decision has got to do with whether a particular problem is a priority to an organization and the second decision considers how adequate the evidence is to change practice. After the conduction of a pilot of change, on the basis of the available evidence, subsequent decisions are made on whether to adopt it or not, which is followed by…...

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References

Melryk, B. M & Overholt, E.F. (2011). Evidence-based Practice in Nursing & Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Schaffer, M.A., Kristin E.S. & Diedrick, L. (2013). Evidence-based practice models for organizational change: overview and practical applications. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 69(5). Retrieved 15th January 2015 from  http://www.marianjoylibrary.org/Nursing/journalclub/documents/Evidence_based_au.pdf

Annotated BibliographyIntroductionThis annotated bibliography offers an examination of a collection of research studies and theoretical analyses that focus on different educational strategies and pedagogical models and their impact on student learning. The article by Jong, for example, looks at the benefits of the flipped classroom model in social inquiry learning, and discusses in particular its effects on students\\\' learning achievement in a specific context: a Hong Kong classroom setting. Douglas et al.\\\'s study, on the other hand, goes into the efficacy of Multiple Intelligence teaching strategies in improving math performance among eighth graders. Contrasting with this, Kuswiyanti et al. assess the effectiveness of Direct Instruction in teaching English to fourth graders. Palaniyandi\\\'s book provides a theoretical perspective and an extensive overview of information processing models in teaching by giving a good blend of theory with empirical research. Syarifuddin\\\'s study examines the influence of Inquiry-Based Learning on concept mastery and social…...

Other scholars have been more critical of ELM. The Morris, Woo, and Singh study, along with the Cook, Moore, and Steel study, focuses on the major shortcomings of ELM. Unlike Schroeder and Areni, these scholars evaluate ELM as an actual model for psychological studies, as opposed to just a conceptual framework. The Morris, Woo, and Singh study found that the model had an excessively narrow focus on the cognitive aspects of audience elaboration, neglecting the emotional aspects. The Cook, Moore, and Steel study found that ELM did not offer an actual causal explanation of persuasive communication and offered Positioning Theory for a causal explanation.

When Cook, Moore, and Steel use the term "causal explanation," they are getting at the predictive value of ELM, which is a very important element of a model's usefulness. One problem with the predictive value of the ELM is the model's argument variable. To test ELM, one…...

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Bibliography

Petty, R.E., & Cacioppo, J.T. (1986). The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. Advances in Experimental Psychology, Vol. 9).

Schroeder, L. (2005). Cultivation and the Elaboration Likelihood Model: A Test of the Learning and Construction and Availability Heuristic Models. Communication Studies, 56(3), p. 227 -- 242

Areni, C. (2003). The Effects of Structural and Grammatical Variables on Persuasion: An Elaboration Likelihood Model. Perspective Psychology & Marketing, 20(4): p. 349-375

Morris, Woo, and Singh. (2005). Elaboration Likelihood Model: A Missing Intrinsic Emotional Implication. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 14(1), p. 79 -- 98

In their research study, Wilhelmy et al. take a closer look at interview styles, with a specific emphasis on signaling behaviors. Their stated purpose is “to use a qualitative approach to create a taxonomy and a conceptual model by identifying and analyzing the broad range of possible interviewer IM [impression management] intentions, behaviors, and intended outcomes” (2016).  In the context of that purpose statement, the research did seem designed to help answer both how and why.  Furthermore, the researchers did frame out a conceptual model of interviewer IM that was comprehensive and included a range of intentional....