Uvin and McFaul make sound arguments using political comparison as
the key to their studies. Uvin uses evidence of all aspect of political
life in his three case study countries, such as elections, the population,
and the role of the military. He then takes his case studies, compares
them, and finds the pattern that links them all to each other. Once the
pattern is identified, he illustrates how this pattern can be looked at in
much broader light as a way in which democracy can become a reality in
countries stuck in the rut of authoritarianism. Like McFaul, Uvin also
takes countries and studies the political evidence of their past. Using a
most historic approach, as he accounts of a larger scope of Rwanda and
Burundi's history to have an effect on the present day, Uvin finds
differences where it appears there would be mainly similarities. In this
way, McFaul and Uvin are doing the opposite work. One is finding
similarities and the…...

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Works Cited

McFaul, Michael. "Transitions from Postcommunism." Journal of Democracy,

Vol. 16 (2005):

5-19.

Uvin, Peter. "Ethnicity and Power in Burundi and Rwanda: Different Paths to

Mass Violence."

Comparative Politics, Vol. 31 (1999): 253-271.

Politics
Although it is not perfect, the presidential system of government, as typified by the United States (U.S.) is the best system of government ever conceived. y creating a system where the public can remove administrations, without changing the legal basis for government, democracy aims at reducing political uncertainty and instability, and assuring citizens that however much they may disagree with present policies, they will be given a regular chance to change those who are in power, or change policies with which they disagree. This is preferable to a system where political change takes place through violence. Democracies are also more peaceful. Democratic nations do not aggressively attack their neighbors; they seek to resolve differences peacefully. The market forces become the overriding concern in a democratic state. "Immanuel Kant, the original proponent of the democratic peace, contended that in democracies, those who pay for wars -- that is, the public…...

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Bibliography

Cohen, Carl.. Democracy. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1971.

Corry, J.A., and Henry J. Abraham.. Elements of Democratic Government. New York:

Oxford University Press, 1958.

De Grazia, Alfred.. The Elements of Political Science. New York:: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952.

Politics
Notions of Modern Democracy

Is Democracy just a simple definition of 'majority rules?' In reality, it's a much more complicated concept.

Democracy' is a word that is often bandied about as a world with an inherently positive meaning in the public political discourse of America as well as other Western (as well as some non-Western) nations. But what constitutes a democratic political system, much less democratic political values often varies from country to country, almost as much as the definition of democracy has varied from political epoch to epoch. In the introductory chapter of his edited volume, Comparative Democracy and Democratization, Howard J. Wiardad puts for the idea that rather than forming a singular and universal schema of values, democracy is in fact very particular and based on very different local, regional, and cultural traditions and institutions.

Technically, of course neither America nor any modern nation-state is truly a pure democracy. The…...

Israeli-Palestinian Situation
In the last decade or so, a sequence of regional changes has created a window of opportunity for inclusively for the Middle East peacemaking. The regional balance of power usually has shifted in the last ten or fifteen years in Israel's favor. The fact is that Israel has become more powerful and has given rise to a new Israeli that showed his eagerness to negotiate and to concede in negotiations with its Arab neighbors.

Current Scenario

The Security Council interrogation of the envoys of both Israeli and Palestinian as both the governments failed to apply the council resolutions that demanded an immediate cease-fire and withdrawal of Israeli forces from Palestinian cities. However, upon having a meeting between the two parties, it concluded to have an Arab request for a crisis open meeting on the Middle East rising conflict. The Palestinians hoped to have a council approval of a new resolution that…...

From the perspective offered by such a theoretical background, further research is easier to achieve, without having to redo the research with data already available.
Another advantage for using typologies is the fact that they are a useful background for analysis not in the sense of being used as tools, as mentioned before, but as actual sources of practical information. For instance, the term democracy is used by Plato in a particular sense, while by Aristotle in a different way. However, such differences represent a basis for analysis and information. They were useful for studies in the medieval world and for the development of analysis in the next centuries.

The major disadvantage is the limited perspective typologies offer for research. They are not extensible from the point-of-view of their author. In this sense, the democracy as described by Plato is a reference point in the study of democracy in general, but…...

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Reference

Goodin, Robert E., Hans-Dieter Klingeman. "Political Science: The Discipline" in Robert E. Goodin, Hans-Dieter Klingemann (Eds.). A New Handbook of Political Science. London: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Politics - Country Case Study - Brazil
Brazil's success during its early years is primarily owed to the fact that colonists were attracted by its potential and New orld settlement promises meant to influence individuals into leaving their home in favor of a rich and fertile territory. In spite of the fact that the majority of Brazilians during the late nineteenth century consisted of African-Americans, the country's public rapidly diversified as European immigrants started to flow into the area. ith Portugal's royal family being strongly connected to its South American colony, Brazil became more important and locals started to express their need for independence. The country went through several political crises until 1985, when influential people there installed a democratic government.

Even with the turmoil that dominated most of the twentieth century, Brazil's international role was established during the early nineteenth century, when it became independent. Emperor Pedro II's influence did…...

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Works cited:

Arsenault, Phillip, "Which Way? The Politics of Decentralization in Brazil," Retrieved July 24, 2011, from the Academia Website:  http://rutgers.academia.edu/PhilipArsenault/Papers/134400/Which_Way_The_Politics_of_Decentralization_in_Brazil 

Darlene J. Sadlier, Brazil Imagined: 1500 To the Present (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2008)

Kauneckis, Derek & Andersson Krister, "Making Decentralization Work: A Cross-National Examination of Local Governments and Natural Resource Governance in Latin America," Retrieved July 24, 2011, from the University of Colorado Website: http://sobek.colorado.edu/~anderssk/06_Making%20Decentralization%20Work_Kauneckis_Andersson_v5.pdf

Oatis, Taylor, "Decentralizing Centralized States: Electoral Incentives Generating Decentralization in Bolivia, Mexico, and Brazil, with a Twist," Retrieved July 24, 2011, from the Carleton College Website:  http://people.carleton.edu/~amontero/Taylor%20Oatis.pdf

Lipset believe that education was conducive for democracy
Lipset's appreciation and believes delegating the importance of education for attainment of democracy in a nation follows from the arguments below. With education, the masses embrace diverse occupational specialization. These specializations will shift of the nation's workforce from dependents on state created positions to economically determined specialization. The nation's workforce will inherently move away from being controlled by the state thereby, reducing a state's control and autonomy over productive resource (Lipset, 1959, p. 78).

Education increases an individual's ability to review and have an articulate measure on the events in their surrounding environment. This equips one with ability to independently organize their preferred actions and communications relying on their understanding. Ideally, education promotes and individual's skill in determining their best course of action. Educated individuals have autonomy upon what direction they wish to take as opposed to following leadership traits that seem to…...

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References

Lipset, S.M. (1959). "Some Social Requisites of Democracy." Economic Development and Political Legitimacy. American Political Science Review, 53, 69-105.

new leaders of Iraq have just read Lijphart's Patterns of Democracy and have decided to adopt a majoritarian form of government. hat are the advantages of this form of government? Are there any drawbacks? ould you advise them to adopt the majoritarian form? Note 1: You should mention basic details about Iraq's situation, but this question is not testing your knowledge of Iraqi politics. Note 2: Don't spend too much time on describing individual institutions and their effects. This is a big picture question.
In his text, Patterns of Democracy Arend Lijphart states that consensual as opposed to majoritarian democracies ultimately create more responsive and democratic governmental institutions, even though consensual democracies are not run on a strictly 'majority rules' system of decision-making. Lijphart believes that consensual democracies are better able to address such concerns as the need for social welfare, environmental destruction caused by unethical practices such as over-drilling…...

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Works Cited

Diamond, Larry & Marc F. Plattner. The Global Resurgence of Democracy, by The Global Resurgence of Democracy. Baltimore: U. Of Johns Hopkins, 1993.

Horowitz, Donald L. "The Challenge of Ethnic Conflict." 2001.

Lijphart, Arend. Patterns of Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press 1999.

Putnam, Robert D. "Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital." In Diamond and Plattner, Editors. The Global Resurgence of Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1996: 290-303.

S. And Mexico as this political issue binds them on common ground, creating the synchronic relationship between them. Mexico must do more to create jobs and economic growth to keep her young people at home, because the implications of emigration on both countries are staggering. Hispanics are now the fastest growing minority in the country, and most of them have come from Mexico. These emigrants are taxing the social systems of the country, especially in order States like California and Texas, and Mexico is losing an entire generation of young men, which can only cripple the country in the long run. Mexico is a land of poor people, and the government must work to create better living conditions, better jobs, and a vibrant economy to turn the country and the people around.
ibliography

Author not Available. (2005). Zapatista Delegates. Retrieved from the Zapatistas.net Web site: http://zapatistas.net/comandantes/22 July 2005.

Mahler, Gregory S. (2003). Comparative…...

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Bibliography

Author not Available. (2005). Zapatista Delegates. Retrieved from the Zapatistas.net Web site:   July 2005.http://zapatistas.net/comandantes/22 

Mahler, Gregory S. (2003). Comparative Politics: An Institutional and Cross-National Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

ecause the Republic was weak, it was open to failure, and open to a takeover by a powerful group such as Hitler's Nazis. asically, the failure of the Republic allowed Hitler to take control of the government, which ultimately led to World War II, the persecution of the Jews, the Holocaust, and millions of deaths. Thus, the fall of the Weimar Republic was extremely significant to world history, and it was because it was created as a weak Republic that it could fall so quickly and have so many weaknesses that Hitler and his party capitalized on. This shows a very diachronic relationship between the Army, the legislative branches, and the Chancellor, because they could not work together harmoniously, and so, they created friction that led to the failure of the Republic. A more synchronic relationship may have created more strength in the Republic, and led to a much…...

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Bibliography

Author not Available. (2005). The French National Assembly. Retrieved from the French National Assembly Web site: www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/8al.asp22 July 2005.

Mahler, Gregory S. (2003). Comparative Politics: An Institutional and Cross-National Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Rempel, Gerhard. (2000). The Weimar Republic I: Economic and Political Problems. Retrieved from the Western New England College Web site: July 2005.http://mars.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/germany/lectures/23weimar_collapse.html22

politics is and what it is not. Some definitions of politics are examined. The applications of politics in society are explored. The paper also looks at some of the things that are not politics, and examines why these things are not politics. The role of politics is distinguished from the role of government, and the reasons for this are looked at more closely.
This is a paper written in Harvard style that is actually three five page essays in one. These three essays all answer specific questions about politics, particularly the theories of elitism and pluralism.

What is Politics?

Many people believe that politics is simply the workings of the government, the ins and outs of the daily process of making, enforcing, and interpreting the laws. This is certainly one aspect of politics. However, politics encompasses so much more than just this. Politics also takes into account the structures of power and…...

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References

Dahl, R., "Pluralism revisited," Comparative Politics, 10, (1978)

Dunleavy, Patrick and O'Leary, Brendan, Theories of the State, (London, Macmillan, 1987). Chapters 2 and 6.

Schwarzmantel, J., The State in Contemporary Society (Harvester, 1994). Chapter 3

Neo-fundamentalism's pan-Islamic ideology has a profound appeal only for such displaced Muslim ethnic groups, as is also evidenced in Palestinian radical mobilization in such groups as Hamas.
But for Algerian Muslims living happily in Algiers, in comparison, this is not often the case. In fact, the author points to the behavior of the Algerians during their last election, noting that many nationals were openly calling for greater democratization in the street. They did not see this as incompatible with an Islamic state, necessarily, because they were more secure in their fused national and Islamic identity, and did not need neo-fundamentalist Islam to be the main source of their status and identity. The more secure, nationalistic, and unified the Islamic populace, the less appeal neo-fundamentalism's pan-Islamic ideology has, while "deterritorialism" has produced the transformation of Islamic conservatism into terrorist, radical Islam united across borders, as migrant and alienated Islamic ethnicities strive…...

They are only trying to justify their actions; they are handing excuses, telling the events as they happened. And in the end maybe these characters do find an excuse, the one that they are both human, bound to fail and to be influenced, sharing the same planet and dealing with the same kind of people. The two personages enjoyed having power and realized in the end that having power doesn't necessary make them omniscient.
oth Robert McNamara and Yuri Orlov had the lives of numerous people in their hands. Maybe these characters felt the need to retell all their stories, in order to let all the demons trapped inside their conscious out.

The characters presented in the two movies were able to depict the laws and needs of man and rose above law; they become a sort of demigod. In Yuri's case this was shown during his tramping across west Africa…...

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Bibliography

1. The Fog of War. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Last modified on Mar 8, 2007, retrieved Mar 16, 2007  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_fog_of_war 

2. Lord of War. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Last modified on Mar 8, 2007, retrieved Mar 16, 2007  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_of_war 

3. Dwight D. Eisenhower. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Last modified on Mar 8, 2007, retrieved Mar 16, 2007  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenhower 

4. Military-industrial complex. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Last modified on Mar 8, 2007, retrieved Mar 16, 2007  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/military_industrial_complex

Politics
As was expected, the epublicans took the House and Senate in the 2014 mid-term elections, shifting the balance of power in the United States government. The election was viewed by many as a referendum on President Obama's policies. The President said it (Martosko, 2014), conservative talking heads said it (Krauthammer, 2014), and voters in exit polls said as much, too (aedle, 2014). This argument makes for fine political rhetoric, this ignores the fact that Obama ran for re-election in 2012. The ACA had been passed but nobody had seen its benefits yet, only heard the fearmongering. The economy was going nowhere fast in 2012, versus two strong quarters in 2014, and the unemployment rate has been declining for four straight years. If there was a time when a referendum on Obama's policies was going to cost him, it would have been in 2012, not the 2014 midterms. Unless of course…...

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References

Edsall, T. (2014). Election 2014: What do the midterms tell us about 2016? New York Times. Retrieved December 6, 2014 from  http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/04/opinion/what-does-2014-tell-us-about-2016.html 

Judis, J. (2014). Here's why Democrats got crushed -- and why 2016 won't be a cakewalk. The New Republic. Retrieved December 6, 2014 from  http://www.newrepublic.com/article/120138/2014-election-results-heres-why-democrats-lost-senate-gop 

Krauthammer, C. (2014). U.S. midterms represent a referendum on White House competence. National Post. Retrieved December 6, 2014 from  http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2014/10/31/charles-krauthammer-u-s-midterms-represent-a-referendum-on-white-house-competence/ 

Martosko, D. (2014). Obama says midterm election is a referendum on the economy. The Daily Mail. Retrieved December 6, 2014 from  http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2777470/Obama-speak-economy-Northwestern-U.html

Politics, literature and the arts -- Transformation, Totalitarianism, and Modern Capitalist life in Franz Kafka's "Metamorphosis," Fritz Lang's "Metropolis," and Albert Camus' Caligula
At first, the towering heights of the German director Fritz Lang's "Metropolis" may seem to have little to do with the cramped world of the Czech author Franz Kafka's "Metamorphosis." Fritz Lang portrayed a humanity whereby seemingly sleek human beings were dwarfed by towering and modernist structures, where one class of thinking humans were drunk on pleasure while others suffered in pain so that the upper classes or regions of Metropolitan society might prosper. Franz Kafka portrayed a man named Gregor Samsa who became a grotesque creature, increasingly beset upon by his tiny and encloistered environment until he is transformed into a gigantic cockroach. Rather than focusing on the higher echelons of society, Kafka focused on its lower elements immediately.

In Kafka, the transformed Gregor Samsa becomes too large…...

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Works Cited

Camus, Albert. "Caligula." 1936.

Kafka, Franz. "Metamorphosis." Translated by Ian Johnston. Released October 2003. http://www.mala.bc.ca/~johnstoi/stories/kafka-E.htm

'Metropolis." Directed by Fritz Lang. 1926.