Company Law
once a public company is incorporated all duties of the promoter and potential liabilities end, including any regarding a pre-registration contract as per s 131 Corporations Act 2001. Discuss the truth of this statement

It is essential to define the term in discussion and its relation to the subject at hand. Who is this promoter? The promoter is not fixed into a definition within the Corporations Act nor within the confines of common law. However, the court recognizes the promoter as a term used in business. Therefore, the term promoter has a vast meaning that enables it to allow flexibility for persons within the scope of law on promoters. Promoters are the persons actively involved in the process of founding a company (Symon, 2006 p 19). The typical duties of the promoter include the ability to negotiate preliminary agreements and construction of the constitution for the company. They also identify…...

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References

Australia. (2013). Australian corporations & securities legislation 2013. Volume 2. Volume 2.

North Ryde, N.S.W., CCH Australia.

Australia. (2009). Australian corporations & securities legislation 2009. North Ryde, N.S.W.,

CCH Australia.

Company Law
Brief synopsis of the situation

Jane is the Marketing Manager of Prints Pty Limited. She has recently made some purchases on company account including leasing a new car, a photocopier, a reconditioned printing press and photo copy paper supply. While all the other purchases were made by Jane on her own discretion, the printing press was co-signed by John, part owner of Prints Pty limited.

John tells Jane that while he would reluctantly accept the purchase of photocopier and paper, Jane will have to pay for her own car. Upon hearing this, Jane resigns immediately leaving Mark with the decision to look into the purchase of the printing press. The company wants to cancel this purchase as John had no authority to purchase anything on company account. Mark is now wondering if he is liable for any of these purchases.

Company policies:

The company constitution clearly indicates that no purchases can be made…...

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Reference

Kaufman, Steve. (1992) See you out of court. Nation's Business

Company Law
The functions of company law

What is covered in the company law?

The legal implications of 'pre-registration contracts'

The Australian corporate law has seen major reforms in the last couple of years (Tomasic, Bottomley & McQueen,2002). For instance, section 131 of the Corporations Act 2001 dealing with pre-registration contracts is no-longer necessary. This is clearly illustrated by the lack of reported cases since the introduction of provisions for pre-registration contracts into the legislation. The provisions may have been relevant, even important, in a time when there were no shelf companies and we did not have the technology we have today. As this is no-longer the case it is time we simply reverted back to the common law on pre-registration contracts. The common law would make it simpler for the promoter, the company and the third party when making contracts let alone on matters of contractual liability. The purpose of this work…...

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References

Anderson C, Dickfos J, Nehme M, Hyland M, Dahdal A,(2009) Corporations Law - Butterworths Focus Series, 3rd Edition Butterworths, Sydney 2009

Austin R.P. & Ramsay, I.,(2010) Ford's Principles of Corporations Law, Butterworths, Australia, 14th edition, 2010.

Baxt, R., and Fletcher, K.L., Fridman, S.,(2008) Corporations and Associations Cases and Materials on, Butterworths, Australia, 10th edition, 2008.

Boonzaier, MA (2010). Pre-incorporation contracts and the liability of the promoters. University of Pretoria.-

Company Law in Australia
Corporate governance related regulations in Australia are relatively similar to those in the United Kingdom. This is primarily because Australia's Corporations Act of 2001, which is the major corporate governance related regulations, has traditionally borrowed greatly from the United Kingdom company law, especially the Companies Act of 2006. Australia has relatively borrowed heavily from the United Kingdom company law as part of progress towards modernizing the country's statutes on corporate governance. Moreover, these attempts towards modernizing corporation statutes in Australia contributed to the development of a legal structure that currently comprises one national law, which is known as the 2001 Corporations Act. Similar to other Australian corporations laws, the Corporations Act 2001 is administered by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, which is the national regulatory authority. There are several differences between corporations laws in Australia and those in the United Kingdom despite the heavy borrowing by…...

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References:

Commonwealth Consolidated Acts n.d., Corporations Act 2001 -- Sect 201H, Australasian Legal

Information Institute, viewed 19 December 2014,

Dermansky, P n.d., Should Australia Replace Section 181 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth)

with Wording Similar to Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006 (UK)? Melbourne Law School, viewed 19 December 2014,

Corporate Law
The company law states and defines the roles of directors within the company's daily activities and transactions. It provides essential fundamentals necessary for observance in a bid to curb unnecessary liabilities and conflicts arising in the process of balancing personal interests and ones fiduciary duties in a given company acting in any defined capacity. Directors' duties and; liabilities are explicitly elaborated in the company that entails the corporate acts, which are the operation framework of any given public or private company. The qualifications and disqualifications of the occupancy of a director's role are very important just as underlined in the corporate acts. A company director is endowed with a number of responsibilities and duties which he is expected to undertake in the capacity of directorship. Acting in good faith on behalf of the company is an issue that is also fundamentally highlighted because the duties and responsibilities bestowed upon…...

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References

Australia. & CCH Australia Limited. (2011). Australian corporations & securities legislation 2011. North Ryde, N.S.W: CCH Australia.

Yorston, K., & Brown, S.R. (1968). Company law. Sydney, Law Book Co.

Loos, A. (2010). Directors' liability: A worldwide review. Austin: Wolters Kluwer.

Tomasic, R., Bottomley, S., & McQueen, R. (2002). Corporations law in Australia. Sydney: Federation Press.

Laws Governing Business Entities
Laws Governing Business Organizations

Every business organization in a developed market is governed by laws, which are rather closely monitored to ensure the good fairing of the organization in the business market. Such laws provide for the standard form of the generally established legal entities in the worldwide economy. Such defined entities include, partnerships (general and limited), Limited Liability Company, cooperatives among others. This document outlines such laws and consequently defines their importance in performance of any organization or company established in a stable and developed business economy.

Organization By-laws

laws of most companies and organizations are articulated as below. This list provided below generalizes what is common and basic to most of the organizations or rather legal entities.

Every business organization should specify its official name to ensure proper identification with the concerned legal authorities. Each company has its own specific name, which is considered an intellectual property for every…...

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References

Anders J. Persson. The Contract of Employment: Ethical Dimensions. Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 66, No. 4 (July, 2006), pp 407 -- 415.

Charles R. Geer. Counter cynical Hiring as a Staffing Strategy for Managerial and Professional Personnel: Some Considerations and Issues. The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 9, No. 2, (Apr., 1984), pp. 324 -- 330.

David E. Bowen, Gerald E. Ledford, Barry R. Nathan. Hiring for the organization not the job; The Executive, Vol. 5, No. 4 (November 1991), pp 35 -- 51.

Douglas Smith, Smith (1999). Company Law. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.

Laws and Wages
Legislation and Wages: An Intricate Dance, but Who's Leading?

Government and employment have always had and will necessarily continue to have a complex and mutually influential relationship, not least in the area of wages. What people are able to earn has always been a pressing issue in any capitalist system, and can influence the formation and the actions of government in numerous direct and indirect ways. In the other direction, legislation enacted by the government can both directly impact employees' wages and have indirect impacts through the changing of burdens that employers must contend with in compensating employees and operating their businesses. This paper briefly examines the relationship between government and wages, and specifically between legislation and employers' abilities to pay wages and utilize wages as an effective workforce motivator and stabilizer. This examination shows that good intentions can sometimes have questionable results, even when the ethical goods they…...

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References

Bernstein, D. (1993). The Davis-Bacon Act: Let's Bring Jim Crow to an End. Accessed 12 December 2012.  http://www.cato.org/pubs/briefs/bp-017.html 

Cornell. (2007). Lilly M. Ledbetter, Petitioner v The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company. Accessed 12 December 2012.  http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/05-1074.ZD.html 

US DOL. (2012). The McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act (SCA). Accessed 12 December 2012.  http://www.dol.gov/compliance/laws/comp-sca.htm#.UMrWu3Pjmjc 

US DOL. (2012a). Compliance Assistance - Wages and the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Accessed 12 December 2012.  http://www.dol.gov/whd/flsa/#.UMrWpXPjmjc

Company's Compensation And Benefit Package
A number of factors determine how a company compensates its employees. These factors may include economics, psychology and even sociology. To an economist compensation is viewed as a labor market determinant (Filer, Hammermesh, & ees, 1996). As a human resource manager for Vanguard Industries I have been entrusted with the responsibility of explaining to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) that guided my development of the company's compensation and benefit plan. I will specify economic factors I considered while coming up with the company's compensation and benefit packages, the manner in which they do so and the relative and absolute importance of each. Before coming up with a compensation and benefit scheme, it is imperative that matters pertaining employees' skill level, age, gender and minority and majority status are factored as they affect an individual's reward preferences and their view on what they contribute to an organization.

In…...

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References List

Filer, R., Hammermesh, D., & Rees, A. (1996). The Economics of Work and Pay 6th ED., New

York: Harper Collins.

Landes, W.M. (1968). The Economics of Fair Employment Laws. Journal of Political

Economy, 76: 507-52.

Laws elating to Different Businesses
Laws elated to Different Businesses

Entrepreneurship is the hallmark of the U.S. economy and more people are starting their own ventures today than ever before. While starting a business, one of the most overlooked aspect is the laws and legal requirements. A good amount of time and effort should be spent on understanding and implementing these related laws because they will make the operations and expansion easy in the future.

Federal, State and Local Agencies

The exact agencies and laws that govern your business depend upon its nature. Starting a pizza business comes with permits and licenses from different health agencies. The local health department of your city or county is responsible for issuing a permit, requesting an inspection or filing a complaint. Your business also needs a business license or tax permit from the city or county revenue department (SBA, 2011). For a web design business also, you…...

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References

Frank, George. (2002, April 22-23). Key Licensing Issues and Trends for the Pharmaceutical and Biotech Industries. Conference on Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals. Retrieved from:  http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:XRVTXoabka8J:www.drinkerbiddle.com/files/Publication/4f485da1-8d61-4255-b8bf-66ed67ed1455/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/1d83db93-089b-42de-89c4-9a0d71e0b809/Frank_Biotech.pdf+biotech+companies+permits&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShzymQTXBq9DrOHEgDrxdEllLh1EuRTGyMuuoaJ2MY88w-MS2Hfp1ptzO7d1Zdq0g_IORTkr61rg2Ys4n3dJwlAKN72a4ENcofXITT53ZwX-LxWjwspDD2BysdX5mYOpZSLJrTi&sig=AHIEtbQmggcJf3q55hJM95Tr8nV_P3tsAA 

SBA. (2011). Small Business Administration. Retrieved from: www.sba.gov

Roth, Mollie. (2007). Personalized Medicine: Using effective partnering for managing the risk of legal liability. Personalized Medicine. Vol 4(3). pp 329-339.

The partners are directly responsible financially for the obligations of the business. Therefore, in case of loss or debts, the owners suffer the risks and losses since they have liability for the business. In terms of complexity and flexibility, the partnerships remain appropriate for the partners. The issue of raising finance is shared between the partners; however, they cannot get loans for the business independently. Therefore, they are not suitable for the two partners who wish to set their business.
The third venture is a corporation, which is a separate entity from the persons that establish the business. Therefore, in financial terms, they are easy to raise capital as members contribute, and can borrow finance independently. Like the limited liability partnership, they are legally bound and hence the liability is limited. They eliminate the issue of personal liability. The tax returns are similar to those of partnerships and are taxed…...

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Reference

Graubner, M. (2006). Task, firm size, and organizational structure in management consulting an empirical analysis from a contingency perspective. Wiesbaden, Deutscher UniversitSts-Verlag.  http://site.ebrary.com/id/10231907 .

Spadaccini, M. (2007). Business structures. Irvine, CA, Entrepreneur Press.

Douglas, a. (2009). Partnership working. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, by Routledge.  http://site.ebrary.com/id/10258056 .

Grandori, a. (2006). Corporate governance and firm organization microfoundations and structural forms. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Oracle's Stellent application has yet to create more streamlined service creation and management workflows, due mainly to the acquisition taking longer than expected. The integration of the Stellent platform into the broader Oracle 11i platform is also proving to limit 3rd party database support, making the Oracle Stellent ECM suite appear to be moving in a more proprietary direction as a product. As the acquisition was completed in late 2006 and Oracle has made their Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Fusion their top development priority, the full integration of Oracle Stellent has not progressed as rapidly as planned. As a result, the last factor of customer referenceability, Vignette has a significant advantage as well.
Summary

Evaluating ECM systems for use in a law office or practice requires the consideration of several factors that have been explained in this paper. Cost is a secondary consideration relative to the benefits derived from automating key…...

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References

Phillip J. Britt. "Econtent and the Law Practice." EContent 1 Sep. 2005: 22-26. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest 3 Aug. 2008

John Harney. "Making a Case for Content Management. " AIIM E - Doc Magazine 1 Jul 2008: 54-57. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest 1 Aug. 2008

Jason Krause. "Organized intelligence." ABA Journal 89.(2003): 65. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest. 2 Aug. 2008

Judith Lamont. "Starting with the basics: KM for lawyers." KM World 1 Sep. 2002: 12-13. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest. 1 Aug. 2008

11. The issued rose in this case is unauthorized use of a company vehicle, which resulted in an accident. Prater was told to bring the truck home over the weekend to work on the body only. His boss never gave him permission to use the truck for any other purpose. Besides, the insurance on the truck would probably only pay for the accident if it occurred on company time. Prater could be charged for stealing the truck and unauthorized use. The ruling in this case should be for the plaintiff. Prater should have to pay for the accident and repairs to the truck.

Week 8

5. In this case, the city is still the rightful owner of the piece of restored artwork. It does not matter how long Hoeltzer had the artwork, it is still the property of the city. Therefore, the city has legal title to the artwork unless they actually…...

This created silent enemies whose sole purpose is to make that person look like a complete and total loser. Therefore, restoring the balance that was lost and feeling better about them while you are left feeling degraded and humiliated about what happened. On the other hand, the lesson is often learned the hard way and one can see that it does not pay often times to stick out in the crowd. There are those that thrive in the monotony of it all being predictable. If one follows the leader than no harm can come to them and balance is once again restored. It never works trying to appear better than those that you seek support from, they end up feeling as if you only want their support because you in fact think in some way you are better than they are. This is a sure way to keep people…...

It is merely a separate agreement between the assignor and assignee in which the assignor gives its rights under the contract to the assignee for good and valuable consideration. Since an assignment is not a modification to the original agreement, it does not need to be in writing and signed by the parties to the original agreement. However, if the terms of the original agreement are altered by the assignment, such as if Kethan's terms of employment changed (different salary, different working hours, different responsibilities) then the assignment could arguably be a modification of the original agreement. However, in this case nothing about Kethan's work environment changes.
Further, the court determined that due to Kentucky public policy and case precedent, noncompetition agreements are assignable because Kentucky public policy favors enforcement of noncompetition agreeements as long as they are reasonable. This policy is designed to protect businesses from unscrupulous employees who…...

Investors, however, are likely to see through these changes. he company's turnaround is striking, but many of the changes are listed in the annual report, the depreciation change in particular. he listing of that change on the statements was undoubtedly mandated by law, but the other changes were buried a little bit more. However, the investment community can reasonably determine that increasing payables is a sign of the company remaining in a precarious position, as is the deferral of pension obligations.

3. he company's future prospects are reasonable. hey have a strong customer base and for the most part the restructuring effort was successful. he acquisition of new capital may have served a useful short-term purpose on the balance sheet, but it also allows Harnischfeger greater financial flexibility. he company's immediate future is no longer in doubt.

However, the picture the company paints of its future is not entirely accurate. here are…...

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The deterioration of operating cash flow is the other major red flag. The firm's dramatic profit turnaround and claims of operating improvements are not supported by improvements in operating cash flow. 1984 was much worse than 1983 and was even worse than 1982 in terms of cash flow from operations. This indicates that the firm's businesses are still facing tough times. Cash flow from operations would have been negative had the company not begun to stretch its payables in 1984. The company has indicated a long-term trend towards the margins being squeezed, in particular in the construction business. The good news with respect to construction is that the company has the deal with Kobe Steel, which may allow it to exit the construction business altogether by selling its operations to Kobe at a later date.

The company is also highly dependent on foreign sales. There is value in the diversification, but at this point their supposed operating turnaround is dependant on the highly volatile Turkish economy and the newly-opening Chinese economy. Neither of which provide the long-term stability the company needs and the operating results may fluctuated dramatically as a result of changes in the economies of those two nations. Moreover, the firm's ability to compete in these and other foreign markets is dependent on the relative strength of the U.S. dollar. The firm does not appear to have an answer for this, in terms of either an operating hedge or a financial hedge.

As a result, there is still considerable concern for the future of the company. Its financial position may have improved as a result of the debenture and equity issues but overall there remains considerable cause for concern, in particular with respect to operating performance. The specter that the firm's managers have made accounting policy changes to place the firm in a better light and to ensure that they meet their bonus targets cannot be ignored. It demonstrates that instead of being honest with respect to the pace of the turnaround, management is content to mislead the shareholders, possible to their own benefit. This raises concern with respect to governance at Harnischfeger. Thus, I would not recommend the purchase of the company's stock at present. Minor signs of encouragement are trumped by larger negative issues.