Colonialism & esistance
There is a scene in the documentary film Jane Goodall's Path in which an elder living on Pine idge reservation in South Dakota is interviewed. Looking directly at the camera, the elder tells how he lost his sixteen-year-old son to suicide. His bewilderment apparent, he tells how many other young people living in Pine idge have killed themselves, too. He reveals that the rate of alcoholism is 90%. The elder explains that he brought Jane to the reservation because he believes she can help the young people living on the reservation find hope. And then he cries.

The absence of hope. This is the penultimate insult of colonialism -- second only to rape. I don't argue that a lack of hope is second to death, because a lack of hope is death -- a different brand of death, but death all the same. It is a slower kind of…...

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References

Howe, LeAnne. (2007) Miko Kings: An Indian Baseball Story. Aunt Lute Books.

Carter Meland. (2007, Winter). "Baseball is Past Time: A Review of Miko Kings: An Indian Baseball Story." Yellow Medicine Review: A Journal of Indigenous Literature, Art and Thoughts. Marshall, MN: Southwest Minnesota State University.

Jane Goodall, The Harry Walker Agency. Retrieved ttp://www.harrywalker.com/speaker/Jane-Goodall.cfm?Spea_ID=297

3. Discuss Why it is important to recognize resistance and decolonization in these works. What do they help you see and think about as you look at the world around us?

Moreover, some, like the former Italian Somaliland, are written off as failed states where terrorism flourishes (Johnson pp). Uganda and Kenya, that were once considered paradises are now increasingly poor and dangerous (Johnson pp). Black majority rule has failed virtually everywhere, and rapid population growth, indebtedness, and diseases such as AIDS, have brought additional misery, however, the main failure has been political (Johnson pp).
Many of these countries, such as Somalia, would definitely benefit under colonialism (Johnson pp). Yet the type of colonialism of the past would be difficult if not impossible to recreate, simply because the conditions are not the same, such as the security of the economic process, in which commerce could be conducted safely (Johnson pp). However, the U.N, Security Council could vote to declare a territory, such as Somalia where government no longer exists and international terrorists flourish, a failed state and direct one of its…...

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Works Cited

Johnson, Paul. "Under Foreign Flags: The glories and agonies of colonialism."

National Review. 2002 February 11. Retrieved July 21, 2005 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.

Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness, Things Fall Apart, And Apocalypse Now
The shadow of colonization: Projecting European anxieties onto nonwhite peoples

The Jungian concept of 'the shadow' is not that 'the shadow' is inherently dark or evil: rather, it is a hidden part of an individual or collective subconscious that is a repository of all of the aspects of society wishes to hide. The shadow' may contain elements of forbidden sexuality, violence, or other desires that people wish to forget. As seen in Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart, colonial expansion allowed the dominant European powers to make 'shadows' of nonwhite peoples. Rather than viewing the people they conquered on their own terms, the Europeans projected their own fears and anxieties upon the colonized [THESIS].

For example, at the time of 19th century imperialism, sexuality was of great concern to the Europeans, namely its containment and regulation. Thus they viewed…...

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Works Cited

Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York: Knopf, 1994.

Apocalypse Now. Directed by Francis Ford Coppola. 1979.

Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. Online Literature Collection, 1902. [5 Dec 2012]

 http://www.online-literature.com/conrad/heart_of_darkness/

During the civil war, this was a continuation of this pattern as the various Angolan militias would fight with each other; for control of select mineral rich areas. At the same time, they would fight foreign-based forces such as: the communists and anti-communists. In this case, the various communist / anti-communist forces were replacing the Portuguese. While the different militias, would be a continuation of the hostilities that would take place throughout the centuries. As they were replacing control of one set of resources (slaves), with that of other natural resources found later on (diamonds and oil). This is significant, because it highlights how the intense competition among the various groups in Angola, would occur from one generation to the next, based upon influence and control of natural resources. In this case, one could argue that the slave trade would create the foundation for the rivalries between the different…...

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Bibliography

Angolan Civil War. (2003). On War. Retrieved from:  http://www.onwar.com/aced/nation/all/angola/fangola1975.htm 

Cultural Geography. (2010). Reference.com. Retrieved from:  http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cultural+geography 

Report Shows Continuing Angola Corruption. (2010). UPI. Retrieved from:  http://www.upi.com/Top_News/U.S./2010/04/13/Report-shows-continuing-Angola-corruption/UPI-44621271175162/ 

Ohlson, T. (1994). Past Conflict. The New is not Yet Born. (pp. 20 -- 34). Washington, D.C.: the Brookings Institute.

(p.135). Finally, the author ends the chapter with a discussion of whether colonialism helped or hurt Africa.
The author makes a very valiant and effective attempt to remain neutral and to present the information in an unbiased manner. However, the author makes several assumptions about the material presented. First, the author makes the assumption that the Europeans were exploitative when the colonized Africa. While acknowledging that Europeans may have legitimately believed that they needed to spread Christianity and otherwise "civilize" Africans, the author makes it clear that these beliefs furthered their own political and economic agendas, and could not have been the sole motivating factor. Those are assumptions that, while almost certainly true, are based upon personal belief and not fact. However, the author also seems to conclude that colonialism benefitted Africa, through things such as the introduction of Western medicine. This conclusion seems weak and is based upon the…...

Colonialism to Globalization
Colonialism is a relationship of domination between indigenous, or forcibly imported majority, and a minority of foreign invaders, in which the fundamental decisions affecting the lives of the colonized people are made and implemented by the colonial rulers (Colonialism pp). Globalization is the intensification of economic, political, social and cultural relations across borders (Colonialism pp). Third orld countries, often colonies, are economically underdeveloped countries of Asia, Africa, Oceania, and Latin America, that share common characteristics, such as poverty, high birthrates, and economic dependence on the advanced countries (Colonialism pp).

Sverker Finnstrom discusses the theory of colonialism by citing, "it is now widely accepted that colonial regimes and their successor states invented, promoted, and exploited tribal differences and traditions (Finnstrom pp). According to Finnstrom, the quotation stresses the imagined or invented aspects of group identity and the abstract and universal hegemony of colonialism and imperialism as determinant of local traditions…...

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Work Cited

Akindele, S.T.; Gidado, T.O.; Olaopo, O.R. Globalization, Its Implications and Consequences for Africa. Department of Political Science, Obafemi Awolowo University. Retrieved October 19, 2005 from:

 http://www.postcolonialweb.org/africa/akindele1b.html 

Basic Readings in U.S. Democracy. Retrieved October 19, 2005 from:

http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/facts/democrac/part1.htm

Colonialism," by Aime Cesaire, and "Lost Names: Scenes from a Korean Boyhood," by Richard Kim. Specifically, it will discuss how the novel describes different methods used by foreign or colonial powers to break the spirit of colonized peoples. hat are those methods? hat are their effects? Colonizers have often attempted to control and subjugate their colonies, but in the end, their dominance usually backfires, and the subjugated rise up to fight for their freedom and their own culture.
Colonial Powers and how They Break the Spirit

Colonialism is an antiquated idea that has nearly disappeared, but not so long ago it was still an accepted and even celebrated way for strong countries to vanquish the weak. Author Aime Cesaire called the practice "a receptacle into which there flow all the dirty waters of history" (Cesaire 45), and his description is quite apt, considering the sufferings most colonized subjects discuss after they…...

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Works Cited

Cesaire, Aime. Discourse on Colonialism. New York: New York University Press, 2000.

Kim, Richard. Lost Names: Scenes from a Korean Boyhood. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

Antoninette is a classic case when considering novels by Jean Rhys, because the author creates female characters that are desperate for reason and justice in a world dominated by money and bigoted men; Antoninette is dragged down psychologically by being exposed to the gender-specific discrimination perpetrated by Caucasian males.
This novel is crafted on the framework of the book Jane Eyre, but for Antoninette life is so much more intense than what happens to Jane Eyre because there is a sense of vague emptiness and of being lost in a fog of confusion without a life for Antoninette. For Jane Eyre, she can battle back against her challenges and at least reach a reasonable definition of herself; but Antoninette finds herself basically ignored. In part three of the story, Antoninette is startled to realize she actually has spirit, she has physical presence, and she reflects on her isolation because Rochester…...

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Bibliography

Clendinnen, Inga. 2007. 'Preempting Postcolonial Critique: Europeans in the Heart of Darkness.' Project Muse / Common Knowledge, vol. 13, 1-17.

Conrad, Joseph. 2011. Heart of Darkness. Espanola, NM: CSF Publishing.

Rhys, Jean. 1966. Wide Sargasso Sea. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

Despite his general state of malaise, he continuously derives pleasure from the natives without actually improving their living condition. For example, he sleeps with his Burmese mistress without actually marrying her, not wanting to suffer the blow in cultural cachet that he would receive from marrying one of the natives. Additionally, while he enjoys spending time with Doctor Veraswami, he does so without ever actually improving the socioeconomic condition of his Burmese friend. Consequently, Flory experiences colonialism in a very self-serving way.
In contrast, U Po Kyin is a highly disenfranchised native who suffers at the hands of British Imperialism. Although he is still a magistrate who holds some semblance of influence amongst his native peoples, his power is greatly compromised by the infiltration of the British colonialists. The very fact that he desires to join the British club demonstrates the extent to which he is a member of the…...

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Works Cited

Orwell, George. "Why I Write." 1946: 1-12. Cal State. 23 Feb. 2013.

Rovere, Richard H. Introduction. The Orwell Reader: Fiction, Essays, and Reportage. By George Orwell. 1961. Orland: Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1984. ix-xxi.

He does not stop at any point to even ignorantly idealize the culture. He challenges no stereotypes and in fact could be said to simply fulfill them without regard for difference or equality. He may have felt that the Africans did no deserve the treatment they were getting but he never said they deserved to be treated as equals. They were completely foreign to him, and also represented more as emasculated animals than individual humans.
Achebe] Lamenting that Conrad employed Africa primarily as a backdrop for the story of a European who psychologically disintegrated, Achebe condemns Heart of Darkness as a xenophobic text that denies humanity to African people.

It is also clear that Achebe is not the only academic who feels this way about Conrad's work. Not only is it clear that Conrad does not explore the lives or culture of the Natives, he simply expresses their existence as a…...

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Works Cited

Achebe, Chinua, "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness,"

Massacusetts Review 18 (1977):782-94; reprinted in the Norton Critical Edition of Heart of Darkness, Third Edition, 251-62.  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98107714 

Bloom, Harold, ed. Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. New York: Chelsea House, 1987.  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=27492858 

Orr, Leonard and Theodore Billy, eds. A Joseph Conrad Companion. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.

Colonialism and Its Aftermath
Language is a marker of difference and, by extension, culture. That Achebe writes Things Fall Apart in English is less a statement of his identity than it is a challenge to earlier works written about colonial Africa. The use of English to describe the colonial stories of Africa is a small affront that Achebe takes head on. An apparent goal of Achebe's was to articulate the complexity of his culture and society, and to do so with clarity to the wider audience that English would provide, while simultaneously making a political statement. Since the clash between the white colonial government in Nigeria and the traditional culture of the indigenous people is the primary theme of Achebe's work, his imperatives are clarity and juxtaposition. The Igbo people in the 1890s were still deeply engaged in their social institutions and cultural imperatives. Indeed, the situations that Okonokwo faces are…...

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Bibliography

Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York, NY: Anchor Books, September 1994.

Bentley, Jerry H. & Zeigler, Herbert F. Traditions and Encounters, Vol. 2. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 4 ed., October 8, 2007.

Chinua Achebe, The Art of Fiction No. 139, interview by Jerome Brooks. The Paris Review, No. 133. Winter 1994.  http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/1720/the-art-of-fiction-no-139-chinua-achebe 

Forster, E.M. (1924). A Passage to India. New York, NY: Mariner Books, March 17, 1965.

His dynasty would rule Egypt and udan until the Egyptian Revolution in 1952.
Born to Albanian parents and the son of a tobacco and shipping merchant, he was made collector of taxes, then achieved the rank of econd-in-Command when the Ottoman Empire was sent to re-occupy Egypt. There he manipulated the situation of anarchy to ease himself into a position of power, and, very soon, he made himself dictator by eliminating the Mamluk forces and transforming Egypt into a regional power.

Determined to change the government and military, Mohammed Ali was intent on having his country, Egypt, adopt Western ways. He confiscated large tracts of land owned by the ulama, putting much of their land under state control, thereby wiping out the tax farmers and the rural aristocracy, and, most importantly, gaining control over Egypt's agricultural land. He enabled his country to make the shift from subsistence agriculture to cash-crop farming,…...

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Source

Colonialism in Africa. Africa: Cradle of Humanity. Available at: http://www.africaforever.org/colonialism.aspx

Gelvin, J.L. The Modern Middle East. U.K: Oxford Univ. Press, 2008.

postcolonialweb.org/africa/akindele1b.html)."
SIMILAITIES

The main similarity between globalization and colonialism is the fact that it is economically driven and nonmilitary by nature (Massey, 2004). The underlying economic power in the globalization process is similar by nature to what happens in a colonialism effort between two geographic areas. In addition the effort to globalize is in some ways dovetailing with the colonialism efforts of history as it provides the weakening of the former financial structuring and places a stronger unified system in its place.

While this is an important component of the two systems it is where the similarities end. The differences are much more obvious and evident.

DIFFEENCES

One of the main differences between colonialism and globalization in the world of economics is the fact that globalization for the most part is a voluntary decision.

Though some experts argue that refugees and societies from underdeveloped cultures do not have much of a choice or any power in…...

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References

The Concept of Globalisation, Its Implications and Consequences for Africa

S.T. Akindele, Ph.D; T.O. Gidado, M.Sc; and O.R. Olaopo; Department of Political Science, Obafemi Awolowo University

 http://www.postcolonialweb.org/africa/akindele1b.html 

The question of colonialism  http://www.infed.org/biblio/colonialism.htm

Post Colonialism eflected Through Jewelry
Post-Colonialism eflected through Jewelry and Other Cultural Symbols

Colonialism was horrible stain on international relations, and witnessed the exploitation of entire cultures for foreign goods. The term now refers not only to the actual colonization of regions in Africa and elsewhere, but also the entire system of oppression that still impacts many of these regions even in the modern day. In the post-colonial period, cultural identities still are conflicted with remaining elements of colonial oppression.

Colonial influences can be expressed in the luxury items a culture praises, such as jewelry. In this regard, "these cultural artifacts represent a composite kaleidoscope of unique historical significance that transcends the temporal boundaries of not only the individual race but all of mankind" (Ghoshray, 2007, 742). Cultural images reflect the underlying messages of oppression and colonial domination that still defines the struggle for superiority in former colonial colonies. There is the notable…...

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References

Busby Jewelry, 2012. Koh I Noor and British colonialism. Busby Jewelry, Web.  http://www.busbyjewelry.com/en/gossip-trends-and-co-koh-noor-and-british-colonialism-pxl-84_129.html 

Chabal, Patrick & Birmingham, David, 2002. A History of Postcolonial Lusophone Africa. Indiana University Press.

Ghoshray, Saby, 2007. Repatriation of the Kohinoor diamond: Expanding the legal paradigm for cultural heritage. Fordham International Law Journal, 31(741), 741-780.

Van Eeden, Jeanne, 2006. Land Rover and colonial-style adventure. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 8(3), 343-369.

esaire's Discourse on olonialism and Wild Thorns
The novel has something to say about the relationship between gender and colonialism. Discuss the representations of women in the novel and contrast them to the representations of men. Use specific examples. The idea of a boy "becoming a real man" also looms rather large in the novel. But what do you think the author is saying about this process of "becoming a man?" How are masculinity and femininity impacted by colonialism? How might esaire address the question of gender and colonialism? How is his treatment of the question different from, or similar to, that of the novel?

In Wild Thorns, the Palestinian boy at the heart of the narrative feels deprived of his identity as a citizen, but also as a man. He lives in a world where he constantly feels the forces of occupation, where Israeli soldiers hold guns, but where he…...

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Cesaire calls for a new way of valuing national identity, a sweeping reassessment of the world economic paradigm of capitalism, as it existed during his book's authorship during the 1950's. The mindset of how a nation is valued must be reinvigorated and reconfigured in the world, not only the fact that Africa must become economically strong, and treat its ills of hunger and disease. Mentally, the mind must be "de-colonized" the "inner life," of development must be shorn as well.

Wild Thorns as a novel almost seamlessly elides between the narrator's consciousness of himself as a Palestinian, referring to himself as a part of a "we" and then shifting into the "I" or first person. The novel stresses the adolescent crisis of the boy, who feels like less than a man, because his nation has been unmanned and penetrated by Israel. Women colonize him because he has been deprived of his masculine sense of self.

Within this novel, this patriarchal ideology is largely, unfortunately, unquestioned. Thus, the idea of statelessness and lack of self may be poignant, but the narrator never asks why having a state and having a military, masculine identity becomes so crucial within one's mindset -- the boy, Cesaire might say, has been colonialized in an Arab, Muslim sense of inner identity as well as by the Israeli's physical and mental colonization of his defeated mind, struggling with the fears of adolescence as well as the fears of lacking a state.

In order to really understand resistance in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, it is important to look at all of the characters and not just the highlighted European males, such as the protagonist Marlowe, that sit at the center of the story.  That is because resistance is the undercurrent behind all of the action in the story.  The main characters are always acting against the threat of resistance by the African people who are often portrayed as victims, but are consistently offering resistance to the colonizers, as evidenced by the arrow attack by the natives on the ship. ....

The term global perspective actually has a few different meanings, depending on the discipline.  It can refer to an individual’s personal lens and how they view the globe; to various perspectives about an issue from around the globe; and to views linked to globalization and the impact of individual or nation-wide actions on the world and its inhabitants.   We are going to provide a range of topic suggestions that incorporate all of these different definitions of global perspectives, with the most suggestions coming from the last topic, as it is the most commonly used across academic disciplines.

A-levels....