It's a personalization of the professional sports world, and this personalization over time has helped to legitimize the "amateur" world of college athletics.
Another major catalyst for college sports developing and evolving away from the "amateur" label is the fact that the rise of sports betting on college teams has been quite dramatic over the past two decades. There is little doubt that college athletic competitions are heavily wagered on, and all this money, influence, and attention helps to create an environment where the people doing the better are likely to have a personal and financial stake in the colleges' sports programs. This creates fertile ground for sports teams monopolies, and while they are not subject to the same anti-trust regulations that businesses are, they act in much the same way (Abbey-Pinegar, 350). This behavior can also put schools and particularly student athletes in a vulnerable position. As student athletes…...
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Works Cited
Abbey-Pinegar, Erin. "The Need for a Global Amateurism Standard: International Student-
Athlete Issues and Controversies." Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, Vol. 17, No. 2: 2010. Pp. 341-365.
Baird, Katherine. "Dominance in College Football and the Role of Scholarship Restrictions."
Journal of Sports Management, Vol. 18, No. 1: 2004. Pp. 217-235.
If a student athlete is seriously injured, it could mean the end of their playing career, and it could also mean the end of their professional sports dreams. However, the NCAA does not supply student athletes with insurance, they have to purchase it on their own, and this is wrong. The NCAA gets money from advertisers and it also gives a great deal of money to colleges for their athletic programs. Colleges get income from advertising, as well, and this money should be used to set up insurance funds for athletes. Many athletes cannot afford their own insurance, and if something happens to them, they are out of luck. The school is not, they have more team members. The NCAA is not, they have other athletes they can give scholarships to. The athlete is the one who suffers, and who may not get the best treatment because of income…...
Women's Sports
Women's participation in college sports has increased significantly since Title IX was passed in 1972, but research fails to show that female athletes get the status, respect and approval that athletic participation brings to males (oyce, Gebelt and Duff, 2001).
The 1972 legislation, one of 13 amendments to the Civil ights Act of 1964, launched revolution in the way that federally funded schools treat women in athletic programs.
It simply states (Funk, 2002): "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance."
This single sentence has been questioned, contested in lawsuits filed by both men and women, and debated endlessly to determine how best to provide opportunities for both genders in sports.
Miller and Levy (1996) argue that, "Sports participation by females routinely carries a negative…...
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References
Cahn, Susan. (1999). Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History. Houghton Mifflin.
Miller, J. L, & Levy, G.D. (1996). Gender role conflict, gender-typed characteristics, self-concepts, and sport socialization in female athletes and non-athletes. Sex Roles, 35, 111-122.
Royce, W. Gebelt, J. Duff, R. (2001). Female Athletes: Being both Athletic and Feminine. University of Portland. Athletic Insight: Journal of Sport Psychology.
Structural Functionalist Theories in Everyday LifeIntroductionThe study of sociology has provided us with various theoretical perspectives that help us understand the complexities of social relationships and institutions. One such perspective is the structural functionalist theory, which views society as a complex system made up of interrelated parts, each having a specific function that contributes to the stability of the whole. In this essay, I will apply the structural functionalist perspective to a hypothetical personal experience of being a member of an amateur sports team. I will use key concepts and descriptive terms from Talcott Parsons and Robert Merton's works to analyze and explain the various aspects of my team's organization and functioning. This analysis will provide a deeper understanding of the workings of social institutions and how they contribute to the stability of society.BackgroundTalcott Parsons and Robert Merton were two prominent sociologists who developed the structural functionalist theory, which views…...
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References
Burrell, G., & Morgan, G. (2017). Sociological paradigms and organisational analysis: Elements of the sociology of corporate life. Routledge.
Merton, R. (2016). Manifest and latent functions. In Social Theory Re-Wired (pp. 68-84). Routledge.
Ormerod, R. (2020). The history and ideas of sociological functionalism: Talcott Parsons, modern sociological theory, and the relevance for OR. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 71(12), 1873-1899.
College sports and recreational activities are traditionally dominated by men. Although there have been dramatic increases in women's involvement in sports at the college level, men continue to make up the majority of the participants and spectators of events and activities. The availability of high-quality recreational facilities for athletic training as well as general fitness and maintenance is necessary and integral to sports programs in colleges. It may be assumed that these types of facilities are mostly utilized by men due to their predominant participation in sports and recreation activities.
Even though participation in campus sports and recreational activities still involves men more than women, this doesn't necessarily mean that men value the importance of sports and recreation in college more than women. Milton (1998) was interested in this concept and investigated beliefs among men and women in college as to whether the development of new, high-quality sports and recreation facilities…...
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Reference
Milton, P. (1998). Female and male prioritization of the availability of campus recreational facilities. National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association Journal, 22(2), 30-1.
marketing strategy a college athletic department. I a couple pages discussing background research a typical college athletic program, a school marketing increasing communities involvement ticket sales.
Most universities have intermural athletic programs. However, there is a wide variation in terms of the funding, success, popularity and approaches between these programs, spanning from Division I powerhouses to relatively noncompetitive Division III schools. Regardless of the nature of the program or the school, athletic programs can be powerful marketing and publicity tools for academic institutions. Alumni donations often increase after a successful season, as do applications from more competitive students. Also, success tends to breed success in athletics: the more successful and highly-promoted the program, the more top athletes will be inclined to apply to the school -- the more top athletes are drawn to the school, the greater the likelihood of athletic success in the future.
Athletics and Academics
In the current economic climate of the United States, public institutions are finding themselves having to make harsher and harsher budget cuts. Teaching positions are minimized, class sizes are increased, and fees are rising to nearly unaffordable regions. The English Department at a certain university or high school may drop from twenty-five professors to a dozen or so. It is the harsh reality of living in an era of economic downturn. However, even as the college school would lose more and more financial assistance from the government, athletic programs at schools continue to expand and provide more and more incentives for prospective recruits. This is symptomatic of a flawed philosophy in college institutions: the ability to perform athletic skills has more importance than the ability to think. This perspective not only jades the graduating classes but teaches the wrong principles for when a student needs to learn to…...
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Works Cited:
Larimore, David (2007). "Non-Economic Societal Impacts of Intercollegiate Athletics." The
(2004). "A Lingering Question of Priorities: Athletic Budgets and Academic Performance Revisited. Review of Policy Research," 21(6), 799 -- 807. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier.
But despite these strides, the negative as well as the positive legacy of sports in American culture cannot be ignored.
eferences
About Title IX. (2010). University of Iowa. etrieved September 20, 2010 at http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/ge/aboutE.html
Douglas, Scott. (2005). unning through Kenya. Slate.com. etrieved September 20, 2010 at http://www.slate.com/id/2117122/entry/2117123/
Gettleman, Elizabeth. (2006, July). eview of William C. hoden's Forty Million Dollar Slaves.
Mother Jones. etrieved September 20, 2010 at http://motherjones.com/media/2006/07/forty-million-dollar-slaves
Johnson, Jenna. (2010). NCAA graduation rates. The Washington Post. etrieved September 20,
2010 at http://voices.washingtonpost.com/campus-overload/2010/03/another_ncaa_bracket_player_gr.html
Lehrer, Jonah. (2010, August 24). How to raise a superstar. Wired Science. etrieved September 20, 2010 at http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/08/how-to-raise-a-superstar/#ixzz107NwUSGh
Lovett, C. (1997). The fight to establish the women's Olympic marathon race. Olympic Marathon, Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., Westport, CT. etrieved September 21,
2010 at http://www.marathonguide.com/history/olympicmarathons/chapter25.cfm
Williams, Kam. (2006). eview of William C. hoden's Forty Million Dollar Slaves. AALBC.
etrieved September 20, 2010 at http://aalbc.com/reviews/forty_million_dollar_slaves.htm
Witt, Jon. (2006). The big picture. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Youth sports pushing kids, parents too far. (2010,…...
Info: • the format will be according to APA style (typed double spaced) and in four
• parts. Written out as a paper.
is the identification of the article. What is important here is that you provide the reader with enough information about your article so that they will be able to locate the article.
• A Summary. List the main points that the author has tried to establish, i.e. 1, 2, 3 or first, second, third. There normally will be 3 to 5 main points. If you are summarizing a court case you should discuss: What provision of the law was at issue? Briefly state the facts of the case. What legal tests were applied? Were there any unusual elements in the case? Include all major key points of the author. If the author addressed any major concepts or methodology this should be explained.
• My critique - You…...
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References
Staurowsky, Ellen J. (1996). Women and Athletic Fund Raising: Exploring the Connection
Between Gender and Giving. Journal of Sport Management,10, 401-416.
sports betting. Discussed are the problems with the betting, players getting gifts from betting agents, and effect of sports betting on the economy. Seven sources are used.
Sports and Betting
More Americans play more sports than in any other country in the world. Moreover, we watch more sports than anyone else on earth. Football and figure skating, two sports that could not be more different have drawn the biggest TV audiences in history. Sports bind us together as Americans. It has the ability more than just about anything else to tear down the barriers of race, class, gender, politics and geography (McDonald 1998). Sports is part of our national culture. It's part of our national conversation. A waitress at the local cafe talks Friday-night football with the cop and the banker. A Democratic gardener, trimming the greens at the country club, discusses golf swings or last week's tournament with a Republican…...
Tom Brown's Schooldays," by Thomas Hughes. Specifically, it will look at how this work describes sports in 19th century England, and compare it with other historical descriptions of English sports.
TOM BOWN'S SCHOOLDAYS
Tom Brown's School Days," written in 1857, is the story of young Tom Brown, a student at the public school called ugby School. The schoolboys at ugby, as might be expected, play ugby football, which is quite different from American football. The winner is the one who gets the "best of three goals; whichever side kicks two goals wins: and it won't do, you see, just to kick the ball through these posts -- it must go over the cross-bar; any height'll do, so long as it's between the posts" (Hughes), Tom's new friend tells him.
ugby also uses far more people than our game, with 50-60 players on each side. Goals are kicked like American field goals, but…...
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References
Baker, William J. Sports in the Western World. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield, 1982.
Guttmann, Allen. Women's Sports: A History. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.
Holt, Richard. Sport and the British: A Modern History. Oxford: Oxford University, 1993.
Social Change Through omen's Sports
Promoting Social Change Through omen's Sports Leadership
The problems that cry out for social change solutions
No one who is intelligent, literate, and who is paying attention could avoid the fact that much of the world today is in need of fresh and creative ways to resolve cultural and social conflicts and to build better communities where families feel safe and futures seem secure. ar, bloodshed, racial rage, and mindless military carnage -- in addition to the disturbing, ongoing violence against women -- make up too much of the front pages of daily newspapers. Dramatic social changes are desperately needed, and the plans for those changes have yet to be drawn up by present political leadership in the United States and elsewhere.
Over the first week in October, for example: suicide bombers killed 19 innocent tourists in Bali; car bomb blasts killed numerous citizens and soldiers in Iraq; 6…...
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Works Cited
American Association of University Women. (2004). Report Card on Gender Equity. Retrieved October 5, 2005, from http://www.aauw.org .
Naeema & Martin, Lorna J. (2005). "Other patients are really in need of medical attention" the quality of health care services for rape survivors in South Africa. Bulletin of the World
Winning teams are in the news, both on a local and national level (Frank 2004). This then serves as an unprecedented spotlight for national advertising. In 1984, Boston College saw a 12% increase in applications after winning the Orange Bowl (Frank 2004). This win was not any average win. It was an extremely close and exciting game that ending with a miracle passes from Doug Flutie that finished off the game. This excitement and the subsequent media coverage of the game afterwards created a firestorm that provided Boston college with free national advertising. This advertising serves not only to generate more students, but also as a way to increase alumni donations. When a school's name is present in daily or weekly national media, the alumni are constantly reminded of their school and the success it is attaining in the field of athletics. This reminder serves as a powerful marketing…...
Prizes have always been a part of contests, a tradition that can be traced back for centuries. In Homer's the Iliad, Achilles hosts a contest in honor of the fallen Patroclus, "The first prize he offered was for the Chariot races -- a woman skilled in all the useful arts, and a three legged cauldron that had ears for handles, and would hold twenty two measures. This was for the man who came first," (Iliad).
Modern day athletes continue to receive prizes for their successes. They receive monetary compensation through endorsements and contracts for their participation in professional programs. The compensation is much more than a useful woman and a cauldron in recent times. The 2006 Top National Football League salaries reached insane heights. According to USAToday.com, Richard Seymour from the NFL Patriots earned a whopping $24,691,160. Another New England Patriot who is a household name thanks to his quarter…...
These are the topics covered on this site.
Introduction Education
Brief History Employment
Important Terms Learning More
Subfields Outlook
A Typical Day Summary
Pros and Cons Acknowledgments
The Association for the Advancement of Applied Sports Psychology, on the other hand, is a regularly updated website for professionals in this field. It covers a number of different types of information, including an overview of what is Applied Sports Psychology and the different areas of specialization within the field, common questions and answers, and terminology.
Another area covered is learning about certified consultants and how to find one. There is also a list of suggested consultants' websites, and they are still up and running when linking to them. Since this is an organization for Sports Psychologists, the emphasis is on the conferences and services that the organization provides for members. What is missing here that was helpful on the previous website was more information about attaining a degree in…...
1. The Impact of College Sports on Student Health and Well-Being
2. How Participating in College Sports Enhances Academic Success
3. The Social Benefits of Playing Sports in College
4. College Athletic Programs: Building Skills and Character
5. The Role of Sports in Developing Leadership Skills in College Students
6. The Positive Effects of College Sports on Mental Health
7. Opportunities for Networking and Career Advancement in College Sports
8. Balancing Academics and Athletics: Strategies for Success in College
9. The Importance of Sports Scholarships in College Athletics
10. Cultivating a Lifelong Love for Sports Through College Participation
11. Harnessing the Power of Teamwork: Sports in College 12. The Financial Incentives....
The Transformative Impact of Athletics in College: A Deeper Dive into its Benefits
1. The Multifaceted Benefits of Sports Participation in Higher Education:
Explores the physical, mental, social, and academic advantages of playing sports in college.
2. Sports as a Catalyst for Personal Development: The Journey towards Excellence
Focuses on the ways in which sports foster qualities such as discipline, perseverance, leadership, and teamwork.
3. Academic Success through Athletics: Breaking Down the Myth of the Student-Athlete Dilemma
Examines the correlation between sports participation and improved academic performance, debunking the notion of an inherent trade-off.
4. Building a Foundation for Lifelong Health and Wellness: The....
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