It's long been a challenge in pedagogy to find a way to meet the needs of a diverse classroom; students have always presented a range of different cultural, linguistic, social and socioeconomic needs and backgrounds. In fact, in the academic research paper, "Culturally esponsive Differentiated Instruction" by Santamaria, it was found that ultimately, "The best teaching practices are those that consider all learners in a classroom setting and pay close attention to differences inherent to academic, cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic diversity. Through a closer examination of two different, seemingly distinct, theoretical models that have rarely been linked or reconciled, educators may be able to determine what is appropriate for particular groups of students in particular classrooms in particular locales" (Santamaria, 2009). This means that engaging in proactive, culturally responsive forms of decision-making and classroom management can have a marked and profound impact on students and the overall effectiveness of teachers.…...

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References

Gere, A. (2009). A Visibility Project: Learning to See How Preservice Teachers Take Up Culturally Responsive Pedagogy. American Educational Research Journal, 816-852.

Lansford, J. (2005). Physical Discipline and Children's Adjustment: Cultural Normativeness as a Moderator. Child Development, 1234 -- 1246.

McKevitt, B., & Braaksma, A. (2004). Best Practices in Developing a Positive Behavior Support. Retrieved from Nasponline.org:  http://www.nasponline.org/publications/booksproducts/bp5samples/735_bpv89_44.pdf 

Santamaria, L. (2009). Culturally Responsive Differentiated. Teachers College Record, 214-217.

..control the environment by implementing a logical system (the teacher's, of course) of conditioning." (Tauber, 1999, p. 19) in this context the teacher is seen as an "interventionist" in that he or she has to control and dictate the learning and behavioral environment. "By accepting a position as a teacher, a person has not only the right but an 'obligation' to modify student behavior" (Axelrod, 1977, p. 158). In essence the interventionist approach is a direct behavioral approach which is described by Tauber as the "carrot-and-stick approach." (Tauber, 1999, p. 19)
This form of discipline is based on a reward and punishment system which is seen as the main method of motivating students. The essence of the approach is that discipline is essentially a form of behavior modification. "A student's behavior must be modified, be shaped. Interventionists would argue that this directing of a student's actions is being done for the…...

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References

Axelrod S. (1977). Behavior modification for the classroom teacher. New York:

McGraw-Hill

Burke J. And Gahan B. Preservice.Teachers' Beliefs about Discipline Before and After Student Teaching. Retrieved September 20, 2006 at http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:apP-4ESdBN0J:www.uscupstate.edu/uploadedFiles/academics/Education/bailey.johnson.pdf+Burke+J.+and+Gahan+B.+Preservice.Teachers%27+Beliefs+about+Discipline+Before&hl=en&gl=za&ct=clnk&cd=1&lr=lang_en

Canter L. Discipline: You can do it! Instructor. 1979, 89, 108-111.

Classroom Discipline
Cook-Sather, a. (2009). "I'm not afraid to listen: Prospective teachers learning from students."

Theory Into Practice, 48(3), 176-183.

Cook-Sather's article describes a teacher education program she conducts at Bryn Mawr College and the results of a survey of teachers who went through the program. The program is called the Teaching and Learning Together (TLT). Through TLT, secondary education students at the college have substantial interaction with high school students from area high school, including frequent email correspondence and meetings facilitated by a trained teacher. The interactions focus on the content of the curriculum that is geared towards giving pre-service teachers direct access to the points-of-view of high school students. The pre-service teachers are learning by listening to the classroom experiences of these students. Cook-Sather's literature review shows that her project is one of few attempted in the United States but that the use of students as teacher educators is popular elsewhere…...

Students with special needs are at an increased risk fro having low self-esteem which can often impact their potential for achievement. The best way to overcome this is to reinforce students with positive behaviors and help them work through challenges they may be facing daily.
Glasser (1984) developed a theory that suggests that students need to be taught to control their behavior in order to succeed, and thus the role of the teacher is in part to help students learn control through decision making that is positive. Working with special needs populations, I have learned how to help guide students in a manner that encourages control and self-reliance. My work has led me to the general belief that students can learn to control their behavior when they are mentored more so than 'lectured' to, as students often model the behaviors they admire in others. The teacher in every situation possible…...

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References

Edwards, C. (1994). Learning and control in the classroom. Journal of Instructional

Psychology, 21(4), 340-346.

Glasser, W. (1984). Control theory. New York: Harper and Row.

ITC. (2004). "Classroom Management: A Positive Approach." Innovative Teaching

Classroom Design
Environmental Design:

Creating the Ideal Learning Atmosphere

Classroom environment is an often overlooked but critical component to the learning experience at all levels of education. The proper classroom design serves four functions within the academic environment: to help focus and guide initial planning discussions for users and design professionals; to avoid reinventing the wheel for each new construction or renovation project; to standardize the inventory of classrooms by size and capabilities; and to guide educators in the detailed design of key elements of learning spaces in order to ensure optimization for lighting, acoustics, and educational technology. Most guidelines are based on achieving efficiencies in terms of floor space and ceiling height, the goal being to accommodate the largest number of students comfortably in the least amount of space. In the last decade, much has changed in the way classroom-based learning is accomplished. As a result, there is a need to take…...

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Sources:

Berger, K. (2008). The Developing Person Through Childhood and Adolescence. New York: NY: Worth Publishers.

Bjorklund, D. (2011). Children's Thinking. New York, NY: Wadsworth Publishing.

Bronfenbrenner U., & Morris, P.A. (1998). The ecology of developmental processes. In R.M. Lerner, Handbook of Child Psychology (Vol. 1:993 -- 1028). New York: Wile Publishing.

Downer, J., Rimm-Kaufman, S. And Pianta, R. (2007). How do classroom conditions and children's risk for school problems contribute to children's behavioral engagement in learning? Social Psych Review. 36(3): 413-422.

Classroom Management study conducted by the Utah State University shows that the primary concern of new teachers is classroom management, maintaining an atmosphere of learning and containing discipline problems in the classroom environment.
I believe that the first key to successful classroom management is being pro-active, preventing these problems before they occur. Effective teachers should be able to establish harmonious personal interactions with their students. They understand that the behavior of students is a product of the immediate environment. It is therefore the teacher's task to take a leadership role in establishing a learning atmosphere that minimizes behavior problems, one that encourages instead a cohesive and supporting class.

Towards this, teachers should first take the time to teach their expectations to students. These expectations include the classroom rules, learning expectations and procedural expectations. The classroom expectations should be specific and when possible, worded in a positive manner. For example, they should say…...

This technology would also be useful for exploring history and anthropology and sociology classes, because students from around the world would have an opportunity to provide their opinions and ideas about culture, sociology and the world in which we live. Students would have an opportunity to provide information that detailed how technology and modernization have affected their culture and their way of life. These are all important considerations in modern society.

Question # 4.

Would you be willing to share this technology with another classroom near your room?

Yes. It would be easy to share this technology with other classrooms. In fact, the units could be assigned to a classroom rather than to an individual so that all students had an opportunity to participate with and interact with each other using this unique and informative technology.

Question # 5.

Will this technology decrease your need to photocopy materials? If yes, please explain.

If the technology saved…...

hile many entering college freshmen lack effective studying habits, those enrolling in community colleges are likely to have even worse study skills and habits since many of them had no other option than community college in the first place because they failed to gain admission into any 4-year institutions.
The Responsibility of Instructors for Causing and Preventing Classroom Incivility

According to Morrissette (2001), academic instructors also play an important role in connection with student incivility, especially with respect to certain specific types of incivility, such as disrespect, disruption, and defiance on the part of students, in particular. That is because statements by faculty members in class can provoke negative responses by virtue of triggering retaliation for perceived insults or humiliation experienced by students because of the instructor. As Morrissette outlines the problem:

"Faculty can inadvertently provoke a violent cycle by publicly debasing, humiliating, or invalidating students (e.g., remarking that a question is…...

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Works Cited

Gonzalez, Virginia and Lopez, Estela. "The Age of Incivility: Countering Disruptive

Behavior in the Classroom." AAHE Bulletin (April 2001). Accessed 9 December,

2011 online from: http://www.aahea.org/bulletins/articles/incivility.htm.

Morrissette, Patrick J. "Reducing Incivility in the University/College Classroom."

Disruptive students also automatically receive greater attention in this schema, making it undesirable in most typical situations.

Morrish's eal Discipline

Dealing with disruptive incidents is a secondary function of this system -- preventing these incidents from occurring in the first place is the primary goal.

Designing the learning environment and lesson plans in a manner that will encourage the enforcement/fulfillment of expectations rather than requiring the enforcement of consequences allows the students to find their own non-disruptive way to learning, rather than having this foisted upon them.

Strengths of this system include a much greater flexibility in terms of dealing with different learning styles and potential problems, the ability to allow for the simultaneous engagement in different tasks/the same task in different ways, and a generally calmer and less discipline-focused atmosphere, which is more conducive to learning.

Greater effort is needed in the planning stages to ensure the success of the real discipline system, and…...

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References

Collins, J. (2007). "Classroom management plan." Manchester college. Accessed 12 October 2010.   -- Classroom%20Management%20Plan.pdfhttp://users.manchester.edu/Student/JLCollins/ProfWeb2/CM 

Heaston, J.; Jagger, D. & Alva, S. (2008). "Kagan, Kyle, Scott Win-Win discipline presentation." Manchester college. Accessed 12 October 2010.  http://users.manchester.edu/Student/DCJJagger/CRWebsite/ClassroomManagementPresentation2Handout.pdf 

TCI. (2009). "Ronald Morrish handouts." Thistletown collegiate institute. Accessed 12 October 2010. http://www.mta-aeem.com/en/res/en/28.pdf

Classroom Environment
To create a positive classroom environment for my second graders, I try to frame everything in terms of what they should do, rather than what they should not do. We use the Responsive Classroom approach in our school, so the first six weeks is devoted to establishing classroom rules and procedures. The children are encouraged to take an active part in this process. During the first week of school, we create a big poster that shows the classroom rules. Each child signs it before it is put on permanent display, so it serves as a contract as well. By second grade, students understand that teachers have expectations. Children know how they are supposed to conduct themselves in the classroom, in the halls, in the lunchroom and on the playground -- even if they do not always do as they should! We spend time at the meeting circle discussing the…...

Classroom Management Plan for Responsibility
It is obvious to say that the main goal for anyone who is trying to manage a classroom of students is to encourage responsibility and accountability for all those involved - student and teacher alike. For instilling responsibility, especially in younger students, I believe that it would be most helpful from day one to establish ground rules and expectations for the students, no matter what age group you may be dealing with. Students tend to learn well in a structured environment and while it is important to bring variety into classrooms, it is also important for students to know what is expected and what the ground rules may be.

In creating a structured learning environment it is possible to maximize time spent on learning while also minimizing disruptions. The working environment should be one of respect for student and teacher, with a friendly leaning approach. It has…...

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Bibiography

Bennis, W.G., & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The strategies of taking charge. New York: Harper Perennial

Canter, L. (1988). Assertive discipline and the search for the perfect classroom. Young Children, 43(2), 24.

What is the most challenging aspect of these scaffolding and leaning stategies fo students including Neal is the need fo ovecoming esistance to change. The fea of the uncetain and the need fo finding a geate level of owneship in the leaning pocess must tanscend just the child and also include the paent is the scaffolding stategies ae to be effective (Dawson, Williams, 2008). Studies conclusively show that thee is a definite need to ensue a high level of paent involvement in the assimilation pocess, and that it must become a family-based objective ove one that is meely enfoced by the Austalian school system. Ensuing that thee is a high level of paental involvement ensues scaffolding stategies will succeed. The second lesson plan defined includes having a multi-cultual day in class so that students fom diffeent nationalities can have thei paents in to speak about the specific natue of thei…...

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references between each culture (Vance, Fitzpatrick, 2007). In the case of Neal, his father, studying veterinary science, could discuss how he chose this as a profession and how daily like in their Maori village is heavily dependent on livestock for their livelihood for example. This would be an excellent learning experience for the other students who may have been raised in urban or suburban areas. To them, animals are more like pets than vital members of the local economy. This could also assist in easing the ethnocentrism both Neal may feel and sense and his classmates as well. The development of teaching strategies specifically aimed at breaking down these barriers with the parents' assistance also gives the parents themselves ownership in seeing their students improve and become more conversant in English. Being able to assist student and their parents internalize learning objectives is crucial if scaffolding (Wallace, 1994) strategies are to be effective in breaking down barriers to learning (Dawson, Williams, 2008). The classroom context must also change after the visits from parents of other cultures, as having continual reminders of the diversity represented in the classroom is crucial for Neal and his fellow students learning English to be successful in accomplishing their learning objectives. For the entire series of strategies to work, scaffolding must be continually relied on to give Neal and students like him and opportunity to see progression in their English language skills and gain a sense of mastery over them.

LESSON PLAN TEMPLATE for the THREE LESSON PLANS

Year 2008

Level: Grade 1

Topic/Theme/Focus: Learning English

Certainly, there is a difference between mastery and expertise, but depending on the curriculum the idea of mastery goes beyond Bloom's rote memory and moves so that student's can demonstrate competence and an ability to synthesize past information (Lalley and Gentile, 2009, 29-30).
The idea, though, is to ask ourselves as educators what the point of assessment is: grading for parents and administrators, checking progress, or as a learning tool to help both students and instructor gague how much of the material has been mastered. Effective teaching is dependent upon a number of different factors and cannot easily be quantified. These factors include a number of qualitative issues (cognitive skills, maturity, demographics, etc.), content area, expertise in subject matter, and so forth. However, regardless of the stimuli given, it is possible to use planning, pedagogical technique, and certain activities to make any lesson more effective. To make skills more embedded,…...

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REFERENCES

Lalley, J.; Gentile, J. (2009). Classroom Assessment and Grading to Assure Mastery.

Theory Into Practice. 48 (1): 28-35

The above plan may establish a challenge to a teacher's capability in setting an organized method that can effectively bring proper learning and proper behavior in students within the classroom environment. For instance, implementing discipline techniques is the foremost challenge, and may also be a problem, because students have different personalities. One may be open to discipline while another may be stubborn.

The implementation of technological methods of teaching and learning can similarly become a challenge and a problem. It is a challenge because both the teachers' and students' capability to use technology will be encouraged. On the other hand, depending on the motivations established in both the teachers and the students, and on their interest in technology, problem in applying advanced and technological methods in learning may cause problems.

It is common that challenges and problems in any classroom management will exist. The important thing is that the teachers should have…...

Classroom experience and assessment are often issues that are struggled with by every level of education including but not limited to higher education. The goal of all assessments be they classroom, institutional or even national level is to have a measure that is comparable among students so as to record and gage learning outcomes. The problem is that not all assessments are equal or as useful as others. While personalized assessments are useful for instructors they are hardly comparable outside of the single classroom, standardized tests or even trade level licensure exams (i.e. standardized tests) are highly comparable but often do not express the breadth of learning. As a student the experience of assessment has been broad with some seemingly being very effective and other assessment feeling like a waste of time, or at the least a form of hoop jumping that did not aide the student learning or more…...

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References

Glenn, D. (2011). Online Learning Portals: Customizing Colleges Right Out of Higher Education?. Chronicle Of Higher Education, 57(38), A22-A23.

Strudler, N. (2011). Electronic Portfolios in Teacher Education: Forging a Middle Ground. Journal Of Research On Technology In Education, 44(2), 161-173.

Choosing a research paper topic doesn't have to be difficult. In many cases, an instructor will choose a topic for you. Some instructors allow you to choose your own topic, but request that you get approval from them before beginning your paper. If you're left completely alone to choose a topic and start writing, consider the following questions as you're thinking about topic ideas: • What is the class about? • What are some of the main points or themes addressed by the instructor? • What about the class specifically interests you? • What ideas or themes from the class naturally lend themselves to research? • Is your topic idea....

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In our opinion, at this time the most pressing challenge faced by school leaders is safely continuing with student education while also managing the risk of disease posed to people by the current COVID-19 pandemic.  Many school districts immediately scrambled to get technology into place to support distance-learning, but quickly found that while the technology is important for delivery of classroom materials, the technology is only a tool in the hands of educators.  Educators need to be able to teach using the technology, and, if they are unable to do so, they put their students at a disadvantage.

Moving forward,....