Civil Society -- a Definition and Defense of this Critical Aspect of Modern Life
What is a civil society? To answer this question, what is the nature and composition of a civil society, one must first answer the question -- what is a society? A society may be defined as a conglomeration or an association of individuals greater than and representing a wider and more diverse range of interests than 'the one.' In other words, a society is more than an individual. And, although a family or at least an extended family could be perceived as a kind of microcosm of society, technically a family is not equated with a society by sociologists because of its relative singularity of interests, emotional and social, and economic. In contrast, the nature and components of the civil societies such as trade unions, churches, and interest groups of various political colors are voluntary in their…...

Civil Society and the ights of Individuals
Through the years, civil society and the rights of man have come to know many things. Many philosophers have helped lay the groundwork for how we govern ourselves today. We have words like democracy, autocracy, dictatorship, and other ways of defining a society and rules that determine what the rights of individuals will be. It was in the hands of philosophers like ousseau and Burke who began the discussions concerning what governs a society. These philosophers studied society and defined very particular beliefs concerning social, political, and economic ideas that were present in society. These philosophers tackled questions such as what the state of Man actually is, social regimes, religion, and other forms of nature. ousseau and Burke were philosophers with conflicting views on man and civil society. This paper will discuss their beliefs and how they are seemingly trying to teach the same…...

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References

Burke, "Reflections on the Revolution in France," ed Pocock (Hackett)

Rousseau, "Basic Political Writing," tr Kress, intro P. Gay (Hackett)

Civil society leader is a person who takes a role to engage a group of individual in pushing for a common agenda trying to improve or promote the quality of life within a society (Van Til, 2000). A civil society leader develops a combination of information into working knowledge to uplift the moral within a group in a bid to make a difference about a prevailing situation. The civil society leader undertakes both political and non-political measure to afford an understanding to the members of the society and push for changes within the society (Slaby, 2011).
Edmond Yakani

Edmond Yakin is a civil society leader in Sudan a newly formed republic struggling to uplift itself from over a decade-long civil unrest. The leader Edmond Yakani is well-known for condemning the newly formed government ignorance to the injustices to the locals and disregard for human life. As a civil society leader, Edmond is…...

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References

Slaby, K. (2011). Providing a direction on leadership. [Review of the book On leadership, J. w. Gardner].

Van Til, J. (2000). Growing Civil Society: From Nonprofit Sector to Third Space. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Civil Society Through "Legalize Marijuana" Organizations
As microcosms of civil society, collective action groups operate with processes used by civil society but with uniquely tailored processes and results. The National Organization for Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) is one example of a collective action group that has used these processes to establish itself, grow, survive and currently flourish. Through intelligent framing, effective resource mobilization and wise use of political opportunity, NORML's 40+year history has resulted in growth from an idea supported by a few people to a well-funded and assertive national movement. This work will attempt to show NORML'S accurate reflection of successful civil society by reviewing research on civil society and collective action groups, reviewing NORML's history, and applying the research to NORML.

Analysis:

Collective Action Group as a Microcosm of Civil Society

Framing processes are a central dynamic, along with resource mobilization and political opportunity processes, for understanding civil society and…...

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Works Cited

Arat, Y. (1994). Toward a democratic society: The women's movement in Turkey in the 1980s. Womenh's Studies Int. Forum, 17(2/3), 241-248.

Benford, R.D., & Snow, D.A. (2000). Framing processes and social movements: An overview and assessment. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 611-639. Retrieved on June 13, 2012 from www.jstor.org Web site: http://www.jstor.org/stable/223459

California Choices. (2010). Prop 19. Retrieved on June 13, 2012 from californiachoices.org Web site:  http://californiachoices.org/ballot-measures/proposition-19 

McCarthy, J.D., & Zald, M.N. (May 1977). Resource mobilization and social movements: A partial theory. The American Journal of Sociology, 82(6), 1212-1241.

At the same time, as compared to Ukraine, in Poland "the hard budget constraint on state enterprises, together with sufficient standards of corporate governance" were the main governmental instruments to avoid a "large-scale asset stripping before privatization"

. This was one of the key reasons for which the economic rebound started quite early for Poland, as compared to Ukraine. The privatization process did not take the chaotic characteristics it had in Ukraine, where the state assets were often simply divided between groups of interests and individuals close to the decision factors and power leverages. The rational privatization process in Poland meant that many of these assets, still functional, could be used to resume economic growth. Further along, the fact that there was a rational privatization of these assets meant that the direct foreign investment could gradually start during the early 1990s.

There was another explanation for the economic evolution in Poland during…...

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Bibliography

1. The World Bank. 2002. Transition - The First Ten Years Analysis and Lessons for Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union.

2. Fritz, Verena. 2008. State-Building: A Comparative Study of Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, and Russia. Central European University Press. Page 113

3. Snelbeckker, David. June 2005. Pension Reform in Eastern Europe and Eurasia: Experiences and Lessons Learned. The Services Group.

4. From Howard, Marc. 2003. Weaknesses of Civil Society in Post Communist Europe. Cambridge University Press

Social Equality & Equity
Insights: As you read the resources, create bullet points that capture what you have learned about the relationship between equality and social equity, and critical insights you gained from each article. Summarize these key points and insights by using APA format.

One thing that stands out is that equality is something that is easy to say but hard to enforce or truly define. Many assert that people should NOT be equal, should not given the right on the same footing as others and so forth. However, when the "rich get richer," such as has been happening for years now, that is a hard principle to defend (Hacker & Pierson).

Equality and equity of access are the two main perspectives, it would seem, when it comes to people's lot in life. The author of this response would side with the latter. So long as everyone has an equal opportunity to…...

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References

ALA. (2015). Equality and Equity of Access: What's the Difference? | Offices of the American Library Association. Ala.org. Retrieved 30 July 2015, from  http://www.ala.org/offices/oif/iftoolkits/toolkitrelatedlinks/equalityequity 

Cooper, T.L. (2012). The responsible administrator: An approach to ethics for the administrative role (6th ed.). New York, NY: Jossey-Bass. Chapter 9, "Applying

the Design Approach to Public Administration Ethics" (pp. 243 -- 254)

Frederickson, H.G. (2005). The state of social equity in American public administration.

What must however be noted is that globalization has sadly enough also had some negative impacts. Probably the most relevant example in this sense has been the emergence of a war on terrorism in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. Such actions are indeed linked to international law, which did stir up controversy but did not prevent the emergence of the war. "Terror can be regarded as a direct attack on global civil society, a way of creating fear and insecurity that are the opposite of civil society" (Kaldor, 2003). The final impact is that of major disruption in the consolidation of a strong global civil society.
eference:

Kaldor, M., 2003, the Idea of Global Civil Society, International Affairs, Vol.…...

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Reference:

Kaldor, M., 2003, the Idea of Global Civil Society, International Affairs, Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 583-593

However in those days, the progress was even slower and there was deeper concern about the possibility of complete transition. Samuel Huntington's path-breaking book, Political Order in Changing Societies (1968) has been by far the most well received and comprehensive book on the subject of civilian military relations. Huntington studied the conditions in Latin America and found that in underdeveloped countries, militaries were usually more powerful because society cannot access the government and hence support military's interference. Middle classes then "compel the military to oppose the government" and restore the status quo ante. Military may be powerful but Huntington felt that it was the organizational structure that can be blamed for coups but instead the social structure and thus "Military explanations do not explain military intervention," he argued.

By the end of the 1970s, even more literature appeared on the scene to explain civil military relations and to study the causes…...

In some ways, the Civil War was the analogue of the Terror for Americans: It was the bloodthirsty incestuous violence that allowed the nation to move onward to a full embrace of democracy, joining itself to Europe as the world began to tip toward democratic ideas and ideals.
White Supremacy

Stephen Kantrowitz's biography of Benjamin Tillman demonstrates how he can be seen as a symbol for an entire cohort of Southerners of his generation, people (mostly but not exclusively men) who could neither understand nor tolerate the new order that had formally instituted itself after Emancipation. They could not understand a world in which black men were suddenly their legal equals. Tillman, and others like him, lived in a world that told them that blacks had to be treated like equals even though many white Southerners did not see their black compatriots as even being fully human.

This set up an internal…...

Society and Culture
The heirloom of the sixties era has been significant and decidedly pivotal for the advancement of culture and society in nations, an aspect that is referred to as civilization. These changes and modifications that the society went through made the 1960s decade to be one of the fundamental and vital periods of the twentieth century and a landmark that is forever etched. The 1960s era can be revered and given admiration as revolutionary. These changes had a major influence on not only nations in South America and Africa that were developing, but it also had a great influence in civilized nations and we choose to concentrate on Belgium (MacDonald, 2007).

The changes that the society experienced and went through at that time made the 1960s one of the fundamental transition periods of the twentieth century and significant to how culture had fashioned society to what we see in the…...

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References

Donnelly, M. (2014). Sixties Britain: culture, society and politics. Routledge.

Gammond, P. (1993). The Oxford Companion to Popular Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Grossberg, L. (1984). Another boring day in paradise: Rock and roll and the empowerment of everyday life. Popular Music, 4, 225-258.

Helc, R. (2006). The Beatles and Their Influence on Culture. Brno: Masaryk University.

The war and the years that preceded it led to the creation of social classes in our country. These classes consisted of the rich upper-class down to the poor immigrants; and each class had its own rules and regulations by which it lived. To this day, a large part of our society is based on classes. Socially, the war divided races and started what would lead to racism, bigotry, and the separation of black and whites. The war had served as a pathway to change but it would be several decades before the racial views of whites would change and allow for blacks to be treated fairly. Another thing that changed shortly after the war was women's rights. This movement paved the way for women to be considered equal and treated fairly (Ferland, 2009).

Ever since the Civil ar ended there has been great discussion over whether or not the crisis…...

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Works Cited

"Civil War Overview." 2008. Son of the South. 26 April 2009

Ferland, R.W. 2009. AuthorsDen.com. 26 April 2009

Civil war is the most momentous and crucial period in the history of America. Not only did this war bring an end to slavery in the country but also paved way for numerous social and political changes. The country had already been torn by the negative trend in race relations and numerous cases of slave uprisings were taking their toll on the country's political and social structure. While slavery is cited as the most common cause of the Civil War, it is believed that there were several other factors involved. In other words, though slavery was the major cause it was certainly not the only cause.
States' rights

Though slavery was the major cause of the Civil War, it was the issues of states rights that played the second most important role. We must understand here Confederation was created with 13 colonies coming together and forming central government. But it was believed…...

In the North, however, abolitionists groups began to see slavery another way. Finally, when Lincoln -- who was perceived as anti-slavery -- was elected, the South fought to exercise what it believed were its states rights by seceding.
After the war concluded, these cultural and economic differences were not gone with the wind. Instead, they were prominent during reconstruction and continue to characterize the culture of the North and South today. McElrath's timeline of reconstruction shows several attempts at making the South racially equal, which can be defined as one of the goals of reconstruction. The Civil Rights Bill and 14th amendment were methods by which this was accomplished. However, Civil ar era culture has left such an impact on the region as to make race relations in the American South still stereotypically tenacious.

orks Cited

Kelly, Martin. "Top Five Causes of the Civil ar." About.com 2009. 26 July 2009.



McElrath, Jessica. "Timeline…...

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Works Cited

Kelly, Martin. "Top Five Causes of the Civil War." About.com 2009. 26 July 2009.

McElrath, Jessica. "Timeline of the Reconstruction Era." About.com. 2009. 26 July 2009.

Acceptance must be made by an intended party to the contract and must be understood by the offerer before he withdraws or retracts the offer.

And consideration is some forebearance on the part of both sides to make a contract enforceable. For instance, a simple promise is not enforceable. However, when a grandfather promises to pay his grandson $5 for every 'A' in school, and the grandson agrees, there is an enforceable contract in that both sides are giving up something: The student is working hard for grades and gives up his right to slack off, and the grandfather is giving up $5.

Consideration usually cannot be nominal, in that you generally cannot have $1 consideration for sale of a house.

Many other rules apply to contract law, like mutual mistake, unilateral mistake, the mailbox rule that defines when offers and acceptance are valid through the mail, impossibility, frustration of purpose, recision by…...

Lee decided to run even before Sherman was able to come, and escaped from Petersburg. Grant was able to catch him at Appomattox, and then was the surrendered. There were 360,000 dead on the Union side and 260,000 dead on the Confederate side, but the union continued. This war made United States as a nation and a state. Earlier secession and state veto power had been disturbing the government from the beginning. (United States (History): The South Secedes) From here started econstruction, but that is another story.
eferences

Coming of the Civil War: An Overview. etrieved at (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741500823_16/United_States_(History).html. Accessed on 26 May, 2005

Encyclopedia: Bleeding Kansas. etrieved at http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Bleeding-KansasAccessed on 26 May, 2005

Encyclopedia: Missouri Compromise. etrieved at http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Missouri-CompromiseAccessed on 26 May, 2005

The Compromise of 1850. etrieved at (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741500823_16/United_States_(History).html. Accessed on 26 May, 2005

United States (History): Bleeding Kansas. etrieved at (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741500823_16/United_States_(History).html#s85Accessed on 26 May, 2005

United States (History): Changes in Slavery. etrieved from: (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741500823_14/United_States_(History).html#s74Accessed…...

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References

Coming of the Civil War: An Overview. Retrieved at ( Accessed on 26 May, 2005http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741500823_16/United_States_(History).html.

Encyclopedia: Bleeding Kansas. Retrieved at   on 26 May, 2005http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Bleeding-KansasAccessed 

Encyclopedia: Missouri Compromise. Retrieved at   on 26 May, 2005http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Missouri-CompromiseAccessed 

The Compromise of 1850. Retrieved at ( Accessed on 26 May, 2005http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741500823_16/United_States_(History).html.

1. The Historical Roots and Evolution of Child Labor: An Exploration of Causes and Consequences

Trace the origins and development of child labor practices throughout history
Examine the social, economic, and political factors that have perpetuated child labor
Analyze the impact of industrialization, globalization, and social movements on the prevalence of child labor

2. The Ethical Implications and Human Rights Violations of Child Labor: Confronting Exploitation and Injustice

Discuss the ethical dilemmas posed by child labor and its violation of fundamental human rights
Examine the psychological, physical, and developmental hazards faced by child laborers
Evaluate the role of international conventions and....

## Ethical Implications of AI in Society: A Mixed Method Research

### Abstract

This mixed method research aims to explore the ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI) in society. The study employs a qualitative approach to examine the perspectives of stakeholders and a quantitative approach to analyze ethical concerns raised by AI. The findings will provide insights into the potential ethical challenges posed by AI and inform the development of ethical frameworks for AI development and deployment.

### Background

AI has rapidly advanced in recent years, transforming various aspects of human life. While it offers significant benefits, it also raises ethical concerns that require....

I. Introduction
A. Introduction to reproductive cancers
B. Importance of addressing reproductive cancers in Malawi
C. Overview of policy statements and national strategies on reproductive cancers in Malawi

II. Policy Statement 1: Reproductive Cancers Prevention and Control Policy
A. Overview of the policy statement
B. Objectives of the policy statement
C. Key strategies and interventions outlined in the policy statement
D. Implementation challenges and opportunities

III. Policy Statement 2: National Cancer Control Strategy
A. Description of the national strategy
B. Goals and objectives of the strategy
C. Key components and focus areas of the strategy
D. Evaluation and monitoring mechanisms for the....

1. The Impacts of Graft and Corruption on Societal Development

2. Exploring the Causes and Consequences of Graft and Corruption

3. The Role of Institutions in Curbing Graft and Corruption

4. Corruption as a Barrier to Economic Growth: An Analysis of Case Studies

5. Examining the Relationship Between Graft, Corruption, and Political Stability

6. Ethical Dilemmas in Public Service: Understanding Graft and Corruption

7. Corruption and Impunity: The Need for Judicial Reform

8. Anti-Corruption Measures: Evaluating their Effectiveness in Combatting Graft

9. The Role of Civil Society in Combating Graft and Corruption

10. The Fight Against Corruption: Lessons Learned and Future Strategies
11. Uncovering the Hidden Costs of Graft and....