Civil ights and Police Departments
The outline for basic civil rights in America is deceptively simple and straightforward; it appears in the Bill of ights, with a concentration on the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments. Taken together, these amendments govern the ability of the government to conduct searches and seizures, dictate the rules required for arrest, guarantee the right to remain silent, provide the right to an attorney, and prohibit cruel and unusual punishment (U.S. Const. Amends. IV, V, VI, and VIII). However, while the Bill of ights provide a broad outline of the civil rights that a criminal accused has in the United States, they are sufficiently vague that they have required constant interpretation. Furthermore, the United States has an ugly history of racial discrimination, and the Civil War Amendments, which include the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were written to apply the Equal Protection guarantees of the Second…...

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References

American Civil Liberties Union. (2014). Racial profiling. Retrieved February 21, 2014

from:  https://www.aclu.org/racial-justice/racial-profiling 

Center for Constitutional Rights. (2013). Report: Racial disparity in NYPD stop and frisks.

Retrieved February 21, 2014 from:  http://ccrjustice.org/learn-more/reports/report%3A-racial-disparity-nypd-stop-and-frisks

Civil Rights:
The Ricci v. DeStefano case is a U.S. Supreme Court case that was decided in June, 2009 and raises concerns regarding the steps employers may take in situations where the avoidance of discrimination against one group may imply discrimination against another group. This case has attracted huge public concern that has resulted in various arguments that have been raised either in support or opposition of the Supreme Court's decision on this case. In one section, the decision by the Supreme Court in Ricci v. DeStefano is considered as very good news since it clearly and decisively demonstrated that the employment law only rarely allows quotas to solve racial imbalance. Therefore, the Supreme Court was implying that most racial preferences were mainly covered in dishonesty and secrecy. On the contrary, the court's decision in this case is viewed as a major blow to diversity in the United States workplace.

The origin…...

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Works Cited:

McConnell, James, and Lucienne Pierre. "Ricci v. DeStefano (07-1428); Ricci v. DeStefano (08-328)." Legal Information Institute. Cornell University Law School, n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. .

THERNSTROM, ABIGAIL. "The Supreme Court Says No To Quotas." The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, Inc., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. .

Civil ights' refer to the measures the countrymen expect from their government to defend them in the application of their rights against the unfair execution of such rights by governments, groups, or persons. (Topic Overview Unit 5 - Civil ights: Demanding Equality) A civil right is an obligatory right or privilege, which in case meddled with by another results in an action for injury. Freedom of speech, fourth estate, assembly, exercise of one's franchise, liberty from involuntary enslavement, and the right to enjoy equal rights in public places are all instances of civil rights. In the event of denial or obstruction of civil rights due to owning allegiance to a specific set or class, incidence of inequity happens. Laws have been framed to check discrimination because of ethnic status, sex, religion, age, initial state of enslavement, bodily disadvantage, country to which they belong and in certain cases sexual preference. (Civil…...

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References

"Civil Rights: An Overview" Legal Information Institute. Retrieved from   Accessed on 11 May, 2005http://www.law.cornell.edu/topics/civil_rights.html 

'Civil Rights: Law and History" Retrieved from   Accessed on 11 May, 2005http://www.usdoj.gov/kidspage/crt/crtmenu.htm 

'Topic Overview Unit 5 - Civil Rights: Demanding Equality" Retrieved from   Accessed on 11 May, 2005http://www.learner.org/channel/courses/democracyinamerica/dia_5/dia_5_topic.html 

They are innocent, and would never harm anyone" (Smykowski). Many in Maycomb cannot see things from this perspective because their prejudice is much larger than the notion that someone might be helpless or simply harmless. This act of looking at an African-American without seeing the color of their skin is difficult to accept when society clings to ideas that have no relevance but have existed in communities for decades.
To Kill a Mockingbird is an excellent novel for instruction when teaches about the prejudices of others. In an age when we would think that we would have no problem giving people the rights they deserve, it becomes apparent that some people are only happy when they are taking things away from someone else. Lee's novel emphasizes this point through the eyes of children that have not lived long enough to become conditioned by the prevailing thought and norms regarding a…...

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Works Cited

Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Warner Books. 1982.

Smykowski, Adam. "Symbolism and Racism in to Kill a Mockingbird." 2000. GALE Resource Database. Information Retrieved March 19, 2009.  http://www.infotrac.galegroup.com

Only with the passage of the Civil Rights Act 1964 and Voting Rights Act 1965 did the legacy of 'Jim Crow' truly end, many years after Plessy v. Ferguson was declared legally invalid in Brown. These two acts gave legislative 'teeth' to the Brown decision of the U.S. Supreme Court. The 1965 Act, signed into law by the Southern President Lyndon B. Johnson, outlawed literacy tests and poll taxes and other means of keeping African-Americans disenfranchised. The 1964 Act outlawed all forms of racial discrimination in education, employment, and in social places. It would still be many years before the consequences of these acts would be manifest in the form of more blacks attending institutions of higher learning, penetrating the higher levels of the professional class in record numbers, and before blacks and whites would live King's vision of brotherhood. However, they remain important steps in the fight for legislative…...

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Works Cited

1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the UN. United Nations. December 5, 2008.  http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html 

Cozzens, Lisa. "Early Civil Right Struggles: Brown v. Board of Education." 1996. Black

History. Updated June 29, 1998. December 5, 2008.  http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/early-civilrights/brown.html 

Dove, Rita. "Time 100: Rosa Parks." Time Magazine. 2003. December 5, 2008.  http://www.time.com/time/time100/heroes/profile/parks03.html

Civil Rights
Most Americans have heard Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream Speech" in which he talked about the dream he had for the future of his nation in which people would be judged not by the color of their skin but by "the content of their characters." It's a stirring speech, of course, but today it is often offered to viewers out of context. There is the history of slavery and then the KKK and the era of Jim Crow, and then (in the abbreviated version of American history that is all too common) suddenly there is the "I have a Dream Speech" and then today there is an African-American president.

But, of course, the history of the fight for and the growth of American civil rights is hardly either so linear or so discontinuous. Nor is it as dependent on the work of Martin Luther King, Jr. As it…...

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Works Cited

Barber, Lucy. "In the Great Tradition: The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, August 28, 1963," in Marching on Washington: The Forging of an American Political Tradition. (Berkeley: U. Of California Press, 2002), 141 -- 178.

Height, Dorothy. "We wanted the voice of a women to be heard": Black women and the 1963 March on Washington," in Sisters in the Struggle: African-American Women in the Civil Rights-Black Power Movement. Eds. Collier. Thomas, Bettye and V.P. Franklin. (New York: NYU press, 2001), 83 -- 91.

Klug, Francesca, Starmer, Keir, and Weir, Stuart. The Three Pillars of Liberty: Political Rights and Freedoms in the United Kingdom. New York: Routledge, 1996.

Generally, this is the case when a person's job puts them at increased risk for violence, such as when that person is a cashier. Casino employees already work in an environment that increases the potential for violence; casinos generally feature a lot of money on the premises, a substantial amount of drinking alcohol on the premises, and people who have lost a significant amount of money. Due to these factors, even without the additional threats of violence from the terrorists, it seems clear that DI would have some type of protective duty towards its employees. Combined with the fact that there have been specific threats made against the hotel by a terrorist group that has shown its willingness to carry out those threats, it would be absolute disaster for DI to move forward in its business without addressing those threats. Moreover, it is clear that DI's internal security staff…...

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Works Cited

Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, 379 U.S. 241 (1964). Retrieved March 4, 2009 from Findlaw Web site:  http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=case&court=U.S.&vol=379&page=241 

Katzenbach v. McClung, 379 U.S. 294 (1964). Retrieved March 4, 2009 from Findlaw

Web site:  http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=U.S.&vol=379&invol=294 

Title II of the Civil Rights Act (1964) P.L. 88-352, 201 et seq. Retrieved March 4, 2009 from Findlaw

Civil ights for LGBT
Gay Marriage

Stacy E. Kratz, LCSW, CAP

Issue, Policy, Problem

In socio-political countries such as the United States, the strategic and tactical choices existing to defend one's rights and advocate for social change are common. Activists can demonstrate on the streets, or publish and hand out their stories candidly to publicize and air their complaints. They can put together a legal case, and ask the court to order the state or another party to correct the wrong. They can lobby legislators to pass a bill, or alter an existing law, or, in some places, campaign voters directly to decide the issue at the polls. Such strategic and tactical options are accessible to activists, because they have access to, and are able to make use of formal democratic processes and formal guarantees of civil rights. These processes and guarantees allow them to elect politicians who stand for their interests, or resort…...

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References

Chua, L.J. (2011). How does law matter to social movements? A case study of gay activism in singapore. University of California, Berkeley.

DeLaet, D.L. & Caulfield, R.P. (2008). Gay marriage as a religious right: Reframing the legal debate over gay marriage in the United States. Polity, 40(3), 297-320.

Doney, J.R. (2011). Majority Tyranny or Minority Power? Impact of Direct Democracy on Same-Sex Relationship Rights. Retrieved from  http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1082&context=honors 

Keck, T.M. (2009). Beyond backlash: Assessing the impact of judicial decisions on LGBT rights. Law & Society Review, 43(1), 151-185.

African-Americans, who made up roughly 12% of the U.S. population in 2004, held only 10% of state government policy-leader posts last year, atson reports. The report took note of the fact that under the leadership of New York City Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg, a Republican, only 4.8% of leadership positions were held by Blacks, albeit Black citizens make up 16% of New York State's population. In fairness, the report adds that African-Americans do hold an "equitable share of leadership jobs" in 11 of 29 states included in the survey.

Those states included: Indiana, Massachusetts, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and isconsin. In fact, in isconsin, where Blacks made up only 5.7% of the population in 2000, Blacks hold nearly 19% of state leadership posts.

Civil rights in isconsin: That last statistic is not surprising, considering isconsin has a rich history of human rights, civil rights: "isconsin's progressive human rights…...

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Works Cited

Butler, John Sibley. "African-Americans in the Vietnam War." The Oxford Companion to American Military History 1999, Retrieved April 26 at  http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/s_z/stevens/africanamer.htm .

Carson, Clayborne. "A Personal Journey to Understanding Martin Luther King, Jr." OAH

Magazine of History January, 2005.

Coffee, David. "African-Americans in the Vietnam War." Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War:

Civil ights Act of 1964 was landmark legislation in the United States. The original purpose of the Bill was to protect black men from job-related and other discrimination, but it was later expanded to include protection for women. As a result, it provided political momentum for feminism. This Act prohibited discrimination in public facilities, in government, and in employment. The Jim Crow laws in the South were finally discarded, and it was illegal to compel segregation of the races in schools, housing, or hiring. Although initial enforcement powers were weak, they grew over the years, and such later programs as affirmative action were made possible by the Civil ights Act.
President Lyndon Johnson signed the bill into law on July 2, 1964. Title VII of this Act outlaws discrimination in employment in any business on the basis of race, national origin, sex, or religion. Title VII only applies to employers with…...

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References

Author unknown. Good-faith efforts' are enough to avoid punitive damages. (1999). AIDS Policy Law, 14(13), 12.

Fitzgerald, L.F. (2003). Sexual harassment and social justice: reflections on the distance yet to go. Am Psychol, 58(11), 915-924.

Williams, K.G. (1999). New sexual harassment rules under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Am J. Health Syst Pharm, 56(2), 117-118; 120.

The second point that Berg makes is that the NAACP and the communist party in the United States were not born bedfellows. The NAACP focused almost exclusively on race even though class and race were linked issues. The main reason why the NAACP did not align itself with the mainstream labor movement was that big labor was besieged by "notorious racism" (78). As a result, the NAACP downplayed class conflict and played up race relations. Alliances with some labor organizations like the CIO helped boost awareness of the link between class and racial oppression. Pre-World War Two NAACP was more socialist in tone than the post-World War Two NAACP. W.E.B. DuBois noted the connection between oppression of African-Americans and the oppression of all workers worldwide. This extension of the Civil Rights agenda did not last long, especially after the Cold War and the red scare demanded a different approach from…...

The History of US Marshals in Civil Rights Era The American society was polarized with the African Americans having a lower edge of protection as opposed to the white majority. The state vowed to protect them against harm but in doing so, formulated a federal agency to carry it out swiftly. U.S. marshals are held in high regard in society since they serve the American people. During slavery, a federal agency was formed through a Judiciary act in the constitution to help handle fugitives. Policing America was necessary post-segregation era since the African Americans needed protection against harm, discrimination, and criminalization. The U.S. marshals provided security for them, fulfilling their duty of call to the American people.
The first Congress created the U.S. Marshals under President George Washington. The president signed into law the Judiciary act on September 24, 1789, which charged the marshals with the enforcement of laws and actions in…...

RHETORICAL AND GENRE ANALYSIS OF TWO STYLES OF COUMMUNICATION USED DURING THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTThe Civil Rights Movement of the mid-20th century succeeded in achieving major progress in reducing racial inequality and segregation across the country, but as the ongoing racial strife that characterizes life in early 21st century America demonstrates, it is clear that the movements work is not yet complete. Nevertheless, it is also apparent that the foundational efforts by civil rights activists such as Martin Luther King, Jr. and Fannie Lou Hamer were responsible for the substantial progress that has been made over the past 70 years. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparison of the rhetorical and genre analysis of two different styles of communication that were used by these two activists during the heyday of the Civil Rights Movement to determine how both the audience and the genres affected those communication strategies…...

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Works Cited

Clabough, Jeremiah. “Using Thematic Social Studies Teaching to Explore the Civil Rights Movement.” Social Studies, vol. 112, no. 4, July 2021, pp. 177–89.

Cox, Julia. “Never a Wasted Hum: The Freedom Singing of Fannie Lou Hamer.” Women’s Studies Quarterly, vol. 46, no. 3/4, Fall/Winter2018 2018, pp. 139–57.

“Fannie Lou Hamer testimony.” Learning for Justice. Available justice.org/professional-development/fannie-lou-hamers-testimony-at-the-1964-democratic-convention-transcript.https://www.learningfor

Godwin, Jeffrey L., et al. “Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s ‘I Have a Dream’ Speech as a Tool for Teaching Transformational Leadership and Vision.” Journal of Organizational Behavior Education, vol. 4, Jan. 2011, pp. 23–41.

Anti-Miscegenation Statutes in the U.S. Introduction
Anti-miscegenation statutes in the U.S. had been in existence in many states since the early days of their founding. In California, for instance, the law forbidding the marriage of whites with non-white had existed since the middle of the 19th century—and it was not overturned until the state’s Supreme Court heard the case of Perez v. Sharp in 1948. Virginia had a similar anti-miscegenation statute, which was used to jail the Lovings who entered into an interracial marriage in the 1960s. This paper will look at two cases that challenged the Constitutionality of theses anti-miscegenation laws and how the rulings on them changed legislation throughout their respective states and ultimately throughout the country. It will also look at how these statutes might have impacted Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) and the Fourteenth Amendment, as well as explain the significance of these statutes…...

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References

Brown v. Board of Education. (1954). Retrieved from

Horsman, R. (1981). Race and Manifest Destiny: the Origins of American Racial Anglo-Saxonism. MA: Harvard University Press.

Loving v. Virginia. (1967). Retrieved from https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/388/1

Perez v. Sharp. (1948). Retrieved from https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1361202/perez-v-sharp/

Smith, R.J. (2007). The Great Black Way: L.A. in the 1940s and the Lost African-American Renaissance. NY: Public Affairs Publishers.

https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/347/483

But in 1973, the American Psychological Association announced that they would be removing homosexuality from the list of recognized mental illnesses, as growing numbers of researchers and doctors realized that it represented fairly normal sexual behavior (Head par. 17).
A quick bit of simple arithmetic can tell you that it still took thirty years after the medical community determined that homosexuality was not dangerous or especially abnormal for the law to catch up. And in many instances, there still aren't laws protecting gays. All that the Supreme Court ruling did was ban laws that banned homosexual behavior; they cannot make laws to protect gay rights.

This has been the major issue plaguing the civil rights of homosexuals. Until the legislative branch of the government becomes involved in mandating that certain rights are protected, nothing that the judicial branch does will ever really be secure. This was shown most recently in California,…...

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Works Cited

Cornell. "Civil Rights: An Overview." Cornell University Law School Website. Accessed 15 April 2009.  http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/civil_rights 

Head, Tom. "The American Gay Rights Movement: A Short History." Accessed 15 April 2009.  http://civilliberty.about.com/od/gendersexuality/tp/History-Gay-Rights-Movement.htm 

Stanford. "Civil Rights." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Accessed 15 April 2009.  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/civil-rights/#SexOri

It is difficult to answer any question that asks about how the founders felt about anything.  While there were many more people involved in the American Revolution, resulting in some disagreement about who was a founder, there is a list of 10 people that consistently get mentioned as founders or founding fathers.  However, these 10 people were not ideologically identical.  In fact, there was a substantial amount of disagreement among them about a number of topics, including the rule of the average person in democracy.  To get a better feel for their competing ideas, you can reference....

The Toulmin Model refers to a way of making arguments.  It breaks the argument into six parts: claim, grounds, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, and backing.  The first three parts, the claim, grounds, and warrant are considered the fundamental parts of the argument, with qualifier, rebuttal, and backing considered as supplementary to the argument.  The claim refers to what you are trying to prove.  In this assignment, you would either be trying to prove that curfews are beneficial or detrimental. 

One of the difficulties with your assignment is that it is not clear what type of curfews you need to....

In turn-of-the-century America, there were some major civil rights advances for some groups, while other groups saw no advances in their civil rights and even saw advances that had been made begin to erode.  The time period was well after the end of the Reconstruction era and the beginning of Jim Crow laws, the rise of the suffragette movement, and a continued assault on rights for Native Americans.  There was also a significant increase in anti-Asian discrimination. Here are some suggested titles and thesis statements for an essay about civil rights in this era.

Essay Title....