Chronic Illness on the Family
ole of the Physician Assistant
The writer explains the impact of chronic illness on family dynamics from the viewpoint of both family and patient. The strategic role of the family's clinical Physician Assistant in problem resolution is noted. This is a paper with three sources.
Impact of Chronic Illness on Family Dynamics
Chronic illness impacts a family's dynamics in many profound ways, some obvious, and some not so obvious. In the book The Chronic Illness Experience: Embracing the Imperfect Life, the author reflects, "Getting sick for a lifetime is seldom a single, discrete event. The symptoms are more likely to come on gradually, altering your life in subtle ways that can often be explained away as a temporary aberration" (egister, 1999).
All types of families, and families in various stages, are affected by chronic illness. As a clinician, the Physician Assistant can play a strategic role in ameliorating and…...
mlaReferences
Register, Cheri. (1999).
The Chronic Illness Experience: Embracing the Imperfect Life.
Minneapolis: Hazelden Information and Educational Services.
The Impact of Chronic Disability on Couples. (n.d.). Retrieved July 25, 2003 at http://www.lighthouse.org/supportgroup/discussion_guideimpact.htm .
Health trajectory is the pattern of a person's health over time (Zangerle & Kingston, 2016). Health over time stems from numerus factors operational within a nested genetic, social, behavioral, environmental, biological, political, cultural, and financial contexts that change as an individual develops and grows. Nurses must understand the causes of change and course of change in health over time to better aid their patients in adapting to possible changes in the future. That is why managing the health of patients over time involves research not just in potential problems patients may face, but also in theories that can help facilitate a greater overall understanding.
One such article aimed to promote understanding of patient processes through self-management processes. "Three categories of self-management processes were identified: focusing on illness needs; activating resources; and living with a chronic illness. Healthcare providers can best facilitate self-management by coordinating self-management activities, recognizing that different self-management processes…...
mlaReferences
Christensen, D. (2015). The Health Change Trajectory Model. Advances In Nursing Science, 38(1), 55-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ans.0000000000000061
Schulman-Green, D., Jaser, S., Martin, F., Alonzo, A., Grey, M., & Mccorkle, R. et al. (2012). Processes of Self-Management in Chronic Illness. Journal Of Nursing Scholarship, 44(2), 136-144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2012.01444.x
Zangerle, C. & Kingston, M. (2016). Managing Care Coordination and Transitions: The Nurse Leader's Role. Nurse Leader, 14(3), 171-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2016.04.002
Living with chronic illness: A phenomenological study of the health effects of the patient-provider relationship' by Sylvia Fox and Catherine Chesla.
The relationship between patient and health care provider is important. There are a number of factors that have an effect on the relationship between patient and health care provider. Some of these factors include cultural as well as social changes, patient rights, informed consent, women's rights, gay's rights, and the pressures that are exerted on the healthcare system to understand the concerns of the patients (Herzlinger, 2004, p. 67). Some of the other factors that are important include giving an importance to the values of women. In these cases, it has been seen that increased input has been given to caring and nurturing involved in the traditional caretaking of women The main aim of the paper is to understand the relationship between health care provider and the patient. In…...
mlaReferences
Berger, B. (2009). Communication Skills for Pharmacists: Building Relationships, Improving Patient Care. American Pharmacists Association.
Farb, D. (2004). Provider Patient Relationships Library Edition: With Practical Techniques for Improving Customer Care in Healthcare, for All Levels Such As Office Manager, Doctor, Nurse, Practice Administrator. University Of Health Care.
Fox, S., and Chesla, C. (2008). Living with chronic illness: a phenomenological study of the health effects of the patient-provider relationship. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 20(3):109-17.
Grove, K.S., Burns, N., and Gray, J. (2010). Study Guide for Understanding Nursing Research: Building an Evidence-Based Practice. Saunders.
Multiple Sclerosis
(Coping Strategies)
Multiple sclerosis is caused by the self triggered allergic reaction that scrubs away the myelin sheath that protects the nerve cells, creating plagues and fissures that cause problems with the normal functioning of the central nervous system. As with any chronic illness, being diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis has a devastating effect on the lives of people. This degenerative nervous disorder alters the self-perception and self-identity of the individual and seriously compromises his/her relationship with the external world. Disease management is further complicated by the wide array of symptoms and their varying intensity. Symptoms may range from postural imbalance, tremor, weakness, incontinence, visual impairment to progressive decline in cognitive ability and serious disability. The diagnosis creates a stressful experience and coping with the disease particularly during the initial stages can be really frustrating. Let us discuss some important coping strategies for this debilitating disease.
Coping with Cognitive Decline (Psychotherapy)
Decline in…...
mlaBibliography
1) Family Caregiver Alliance, "Multiple Sclerosis," Accessed on 10th October 2004, http://www.caregiver.org/caregiver/jsp/content_node.jsp?nodeid=576
2) Stark, Sharon, "Cognitive Symptoms and Correlates of Physical Disability in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis," Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 12/1/2003
3) Chan A, Heck CS, "Mobility in Multiple Sclerosis: More than Just a Physical Problem," Int J. MSCare [serial online]. Mar 2000; 3:35 -- 40. Available at:
Sexual health is not restricted to the mere physical -- genital function. Sexuality comprises different facets. At the basic, instinctual level, it is the feeling of maleness or femaleness; and, how this sexuality and personality impacts and is impacted by society. (Sipski, Alexander, & Rosen, 1996) Finally, it includes such things as the right to be a sexual person following neurological injury, the opportunity to have knowledge about sexual changes and to make informed choices about appropriate options. This work involves a review of the literature associated with female sexuality following injury to the spinal cord.
efore delving into the sexual ramifications, it bears recognizing the anatomical and functional features of the Spinal Cord. The spinal cord enables the brain to communicate with every physical facets of the body -- independent action, and reaction to stimuli. When a spinal cord injury occurs, this communication between the central and afferent nervous system…...
mlaBibliography
Alexander, C.J., Hwang, K., & Sipski, M. (2001). Mothers with spinal cord injuries: Impact on family division of labor, family decision making, and rearing of children. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 7, 25-36.
Bancroft, J. (1989). Human sexuality and its problems (2nd ed.), Edinburgh; New York, Churchill Livingstone.
Barker, R.A., Barasi, S., & Neal, M.J. (2003). Neuroscience at a glance (2nd ed.), Malden, Mass., Blackwell Pub.
Berezin, M., Ohry, A., Shemesh, Y., Zeilig, G., & Brooks, M.E. (1989). Hyperprolactinemia, galactorrhea and amenorrhea in women with a spinal cord injury. Gynecol Endocrinol. 3(2), 159-163.
Impacts of Stigma, Health Policy and Family Support on Asthma Asthma - Impacts of Stigma, Health Policy and Family Support on Chronic Illness ExperiencesCommon chronic respiratorydisorders are a set of illnesses that damage the lungs\\\' tubes and other components. Hundreds of thousands of people worldwide experiencerespiratory disorders that are avoidable. espiratory difficulties are one of the most common reasons for visits to outpatient clinics. Specifically, asthma is the world\\\'smost frequent respiratory disease (Yadav et al., 2018). Despite substantial advancements in asthma care and check, most peoplewithAsthma have limited control.Nevertheless, management can be implemented in most individuals using countermeasures and suitable medication therapies. For a significant proportion of patients, inhaled corticosteroidsconstitute the mainstay of therapy. Many people globally who do not achieve control with inhaled corticosteroids use its other combination inhalers (Yadav et al., 2018). Pharmacologic medicines that aim for immunoglobulinhave recently been added to asthma therapy in most countries globally,…...
mlaReferencesAssociation, A. lung. (2022, February 10). Asthma Policy & Advocacy. Www.lung.org. J. L., Veeranki, S. P., Ameredes, B. T., & Calhoun, W. J. (2017). Diagnosis and Management of Asthma in Adults. JAMA, 318(3), 279. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.8372 Miles, C., Arden-Close, E., Thomas, M., Bruton, A., Yardley, L., Hankins, M., & Kirby, S. E. (2017). Barriers and facilitators of effective self-management inAsthma: systematic review and thematic synthesis of patient and healthcare professional views. Npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41533-017-0056-4 Understanding Asthma. (2022). Understanding Asthma. Respiratory Health Association. https://resphealth.org/healthy-lungs/asthma/understanding-asthma/ Yadav, A., Mosquera, R. A., & Rojas, W. D. J. (2018). Asthma, Airway Hyperresponsiveness, and Lower Airway Obstruction in Children with Sickle Cell Disease. In www.intechopen.com. IntechOpen. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/51382https://www.lung.org/policy-advocacy/healthcare-lung-disease/asthma-policy#:~:text=A%20key%20component%20of%20the%20National%20Asthma%20Public McCracken,
Invisible Support from Family & Friends
How might symptoms of memory loss, paranoia, and verbal and physical aggression be particularly hard for the caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients?
These symptoms might be hard for the caregiver as he or she is human and they might take it personally especially when it comes to physical and verbal aggression. When the patient with Alzheimer's disease becomes aggressive towards the caregiver, the caregiver might feel overwhelmed, sad, and isolated. These feelings are normal as the situation the caregiver finds him or herself in is what is causing those feelings. Memory loss from the patient might result in the patient not recalling some of the basic things and this might frustrate the caregiver as he or she will have to keep repeating or reminding the patient. Naturally, the caregiver will get frustrated and they might lash out too. However, it is vital that the caregiver does himself…...
However, he questions the research that has been done in this area. First, he wonders whether the exercise is a placebo effect based on the anticipation of improvement. The second question is the acceptability of this treatment. Many CFS patients actively avoid exercise and many healthcare providers in fact recommend rest at all costs rather than a concern of relapse. However, the positive aspect of the CBT and the exercise is that it has the patients question their fears. In both cases, there is a psychotherapeutic affect that may be beneficial.
The use of antidepressants is another approach that has been suggested and studied. However, the results on this have also been mixed. As Demitrack (1996, p. 282) states, "At the present time, it is unrealistic to present medication as a sole treatment for this disease." It may be that medications could work in the short-term and provide enough symptomatic…...
mlaReferences
Center for Disease Control (2006, May 9). Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Retrieved January 30, 2007 http://www.cdc.gov/cfs/cfsbasicfacts.htm .
Demitrack, M. And Abbey, S. (1996) (Eds) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. New York: Guilford Press.
Hyland, M.E. et. al. (2006) Letter to the Editor. The Lancet 367 (9522), 1573-1576
Komaroff, a., & Fagioli, L. (1996) Medial Assessment of Fatigue and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. In M. Demitrack and S. Abbey (Eds) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (pg. 154-181). New York: Guilford Press,.
Chronic disease is a growing problem in countries like the United States. Couple this with the high costs of healthcare and it makes a storm of problems for those seeking treatment and help with handling chronic disease. Common chronic diseases that become more and more prevalent each year are diseases like multiple sclerosis and diabetes. Diabetes is a notoriously expensive chronic illness to manage. Patients often experience complications from the disease like vision loss, high blood pressure, heart disease, and amputation (Institute of Medicine (U.S.), 2012). That is why diabetes must be managed and prevented.
Type II diabetes for example is often acquired through poor diet choices and leading a sedentary life (Institute of Medicine (U.S.), 2012). If people manage to identify and self-regulate these decisions and choose healthy alternatives and commit to more daily exercise, it can have a profound impact on the prevalence of chronic disease. There are various…...
One aspect of a goal attainment program researched within the content of an article by Ng & sang, is group therapy work, where individuals are offered the opportunity to self-reflect through the group process to help assimilate "normal" behaviors and reasonable goals into their own hoped for future.
raditional psychiatric rehabilitation programs focus on 'problems' and 'negatives' of individuals and tend to ignore strengths and assets (Hagedorn, 1992). Unlike the traditional approach, this program uses a holistic and client-centered approach (Rogers, 1984) which helps individuals establish future directions in home and work resettlement. he Goal Attainment Program focused on the participants' future expected life roles and social functioning in relation to the environmental context (i.e. their 'participation level', according to the International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap (ICIDH-2) of the World Health Organization). he program emphasized the needs and positive aspects of individuals (Rogers, 1984), as well as the…...
mlaTraditional psychiatric rehabilitation programs focus on 'problems' and 'negatives' of individuals and tend to ignore strengths and assets (Hagedorn, 1992). Unlike the traditional approach, this program uses a holistic and client-centered approach (Rogers, 1984) which helps individuals establish future directions in home and work resettlement. The Goal Attainment Program focused on the participants' future expected life roles and social functioning in relation to the environmental context (i.e. their 'participation level', according to the International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap (ICIDH-2) of the World Health Organization). The program emphasized the needs and positive aspects of individuals (Rogers, 1984), as well as the attainment of self-esteem in the self-actualization hierarchy (Maslow, 1970). The program is based on the belief that each individual has the potential to control his/her life and to choose what he/she wishes to become. With this belief, change can only take place when the individual finds the meaning in himself/herself. Positive change can occur throughout life. The role of therapist is to facilitate the willingness to change (Hagedorn, 1992). This study also used Frankl's (1946/1992) belief that the most basic human motivation is the will to meaning. (Ng & Tsang, 2002, p. 59)
Self-control and self-esteem cannot be learned in a vacuum, as individuals have little if any comparison models, which given them hope for their own future, if they are isolated from society. Group therapy settings can allow the individual to create a reasonable set of hopes that can build social health and help the individual learn how to develop coping skills for their positive, rather than negative future in the community where they live. Group therapy is an essential tool for this attainment, as the intense interaction within groups helps individuals see and feel what it might be like to confront the steps and stages of social growth while commiserating with others who have the same or similar obstacles, i.e. mental illness management, as they themselves have.
Managing Mental Illness: Variations of Group Therapies in the Literature
It is also a population that often has limited resources and one that seeks to find others to help comfort and educate them. Modern technology has certainly improved both the diagnosis and treatment of the illness, but there are so many options that the patient is often left bewildered and frightened (Guadalupe).
A proactive and professional nursing approach to this illness takes Mishel's theory and uses it in four ways:
To combat ambiguity -- Patients are unaware of the progress and severity of their illness and often fill in with worst-case scenarios. Open and honest communication about that status of the illness will alleviate many concerns, or at least allow for uncoerced decision making.
To combat complexity -- Illness is complex and often based on statistical tables, not individual expressions. Using Michel, the nurse can simplify to the necessary degree both the illness and options.
To provide information -- More than anything, Michel…...
mlaREFERENCES
Alligood, M. (2010). Nursing Theory: Utilization and Application. Denver, CO: Mosby.
Guadalupe, K. (2010, Feb.) Understanding a meningioma diagnosis using Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness. British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 6 (2): 77-82.
Mishel, M. And Clayton, M. (2003). Theories of Uncertainty in Illness. In Smith, M. ed. Middle
Range Theory for Nursing. New York: Springer. Chapter 2.
"The IOM report recognized the therapeutic benefits of medical marijuana and urged that marijuana be made available to individual patients while research continued on the development of new drugs developed from marijuana" (Zeese).
Conclusion
In conclusion, there are two schools of thought on this issue. One view sees very little difference in terms of health implication between marijuana and cigarette smoking. However, there is some resistance to the idea that marijuana is as unhealthy or as dangerous as cigarettes. This had led to the notion that marijuana is less harmful to the user than tobacco. However, many reports and studies tend to stress that while the effects of each substance on the individual differ, in the long - term both have negative effects that should be emphasized. (Vlahov et al., 2004)
While there is a strong case for the benefits of marijuana in certain instances and for certain conditions, this should not…...
mlaReferences www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98432636
Bock, a.W. (2000). The Politics of Medical Marijuana. Santa Ana, CA: Seven Locks.
Executive Summary: Institute of Medicine (1999). Retrieved July 3, 2008, from http://www.nap.edu/html/marimed/es.html
Fact Sheet Cigarette Smoking-Related Mortality. (2006) Retrieved July 3, 2008, at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/factsheets/cig_smoking_mort.htm
Gieringer D. (1994) Marijuana Health Mythology.
(De Leon, 2010)
Finally, in recent years there has been a call for more stringent regulatory measured to be put in place in order to prevent this category of disease. Many experts refer to outdated laws and policies that are not successful in detecting and prevent problems along the entire food production process (Jessen). They also refer to restricted and inadequate legal tools to check the spread of the diseases. There is therefore a need not only to update present legislation but also for organizations and individuals to be become more aware of the need to prevent this type of disease from occurring.
eferences
De Leon D. ( 2010) Start at the Store: 7 Ways to Prevent Foodborne Illness. etrieved from http://www.foodsafety.gov/blog/7ways.html
Definition of Foodborne disease. etrieved from http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=25399Focus on Epidemiology. Houston Health (2001). etrieved from http://www.houstontx.gov/health/HoustonHealth/winter01.pdf
Foodborne diseases take heavy toll on public health. etrieved from http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=18&ved=0CDgQFjAHOAo&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbioniche.com%2Fnewsroom_factsheet.cfm&ei=SJ7ITMX1LdDCswako7iPDg&usg=AFQjCNESQAvUohGiQZZN1L1TCFwwl-DYQ&sig2=bnOdvFEDnTPpuZO8D2blQ
Foodborne Illness. etrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/foodborneillness.html
Food safety and…...
mlaReferences
De Leon D. ( 2010) Start at the Store: 7 Ways to Prevent Foodborne Illness. Retrieved from http://www.foodsafety.gov/blog/7ways.html
Definition of Foodborne disease. Retrieved from on Epidemiology. Houston Health (2001). Retrieved from http://www.houstontx.gov/health/HoustonHealth/winter01.pdfhttp://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=25399Focus
Foodborne diseases take heavy toll on public health. Retrieved from http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=18&ved=0CDgQFjAHOAo&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbioniche.com%2Fnewsroom_factsheet.cfm&ei=SJ7ITMX1LdDCswako7iPDg&usg=AFQjCNESQAvUohGiQZZN1L1TCRFwwl-DYQ&sig2=bnOdvFERDnTPpuZO8D2blQ
Foodborne Illness. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/foodborneillness.html
, 2009). To the extent that these young people are perceived in terms of stereotypical views by clinicians will likely be the extent to which the therapeutic relationship will be adversely affected. In this regard, Villaneuva and her associates conclude that, "Myths and stereotypes about mental illness that can create personal biases and lead to discrimination. Such stereotypical views together with long-standing beliefs about mental illness can affect the nurse-patient relationship and ultimately influence the care that patients receive" (p. 221).
In response to this potential for stereotypical perceptions influencing clinicians' treatment of adolescents with mental disorders, a growing number of programs across the country have been launched in recent years to educate the public and healthcare professionals concerning stereotypes about mental illness in general and among young people in particular. Popular stereotypes about mental illness, though, can be powerful forces that are not easily changed. For example, a study by…...
mlaReferences
Hinkelman, L. & Granello, DH (2003). Biological sex, adherence to traditional gender roles, and attitudes toward persons with mental illness: An exploratory investigation. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 25(4), 259-261.
Overton, S.L. & Medina, S.L. (2008). The stigma of mental illness. Journal of Counseling and Development, 86(2), 143-144.
Villanueva, C.S., Scott, S.H., Guzzetta, C.E. & Foster, B. (2009). Development and psychometric testing of the attitudes toward mental illness in Pediatric Patients Scale.
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 22(4), 220-221.
psychological basis of mental illness is certainly only half of the story. Though mental illness is genetic, the actual symptoms and condition being presented is based on a careful marriage between biological and environmental factors. In particular, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), is a mental illness in which "people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations or obsession, or behaviors that make them feel driven to do something (compulsions)" (National Institute of Mental Health, 2011). This mental illness, like many others is multi-faceted, in that there is a physiological process associated with it, a set of symptoms that manifest, certain diagnostic criterion and then a set of treatment options.
Foremost, the physiological process of mental illness is mainly concerned with the brain and certain regions of it. The physiological process is a process that evaluates the neural mechanisms of perception and behavior. esearch examining the brain has found that "a selective…...
mlaRiccardi, Christina J, Timpano, Kiara R, & Schmidt, Norman B (2010). A Case Study Perspective on the Importance of motivation in the Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Clinical Case Studies, Volume 9, (Issue 4), pages 273-284.
Rosenberg, David R. & Keshavan, Matcheri S. (1998). Toward a Neurodevelopment Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Biological Psychiatry: Official Journal of the Society of Biological Psychiatry, Volume 43 (Issue 9), Pages 623-640.
Swinson, Richard P (2001). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Theory, Research, and Treatment. New York: The Guilford Press.
1. The link between childhood trauma and the development of anxiety and depression in adulthood
2. The role of genetics in predisposing individuals to anxiety and depression
3. How cultural factors influence the expression and treatment of anxiety and depression
4. The impact of social media on mental health and its contribution to feelings of anxiety and depression
5. The relationship between sleep disorders and the development of anxiety and depression
6. The efficacy of alternative therapies such as mindfulness, acupuncture, and yoga in treating anxiety and depression
7. The correlation between gut health and mental health, specifically the role of the gut-brain axis in anxiety....
Of course! Here is a potential thesis statement on the benefits of breastfeeding:
"Breastfeeding offers numerous advantages for both mothers and infants, including improved immune system function, reduced risk of chronic illnesses, and enhanced bonding between mother and child, making it a crucial and beneficial practice for optimal health outcomes."
When discussing the benefits of breastfeeding, it is important to highlight the positive impact it has on a baby's immune system. Breast milk contains antibodies that help protect infants from infections and diseases, providing them with a strong defense system during the critical early stages of life. This immune support can....
1. The causes and risk factors for Crohn's disease
2. The symptoms and diagnosis of Crohn's disease
3. The impact of Crohn's disease on daily life and quality of life
4. Treatment options for Crohn's disease, including medication, surgery, and lifestyle changes
5. The potential complications and long-term effects of Crohn's disease
6. The role of diet and nutrition in managing Crohn's disease
7. The emotional and psychological effects of living with Crohn's disease
8. The latest research and advancements in the treatment of Crohn's disease
9. The challenges of living with a chronic illness like Crohn's disease
10. Personal stories and experiences of individuals living with Crohn's disease.
11.....
1. "Understanding the Stigma: Unpacking Depression"
2. "The Impact of Depression on Mental Health and Well-being"
3. "Breaking the Silence: Coping with Depression"
4. "Exploring the Root Causes of Depression"
5. "Depression and Society: Breaking Down Barriers to Treatment"
6. "The Link Between Depression and Anxiety: Dual Diagnosis"
7. "Depression in Adolescents: Recognizing the Signs and Seeking Help"
8. "The Role of Genetics in Depression: Nature vs. Nurture"
9. "The Effects of Depression on Relationships and Social Interactions"
10. "Finding Hope: Recovery and Management of Depression"
11. "Overcoming Depression: Strategies for Healing and Recovery"
12. "Depression and Suicide: Understanding the Connection"
13. "Depression in the Workplace: Managing Symptoms and Seeking Support"
14. "The....
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