Bloom's Taxonomy Education Nursing Education
Bloom's Taxonomy of learning and its use in nursing education:
Chronic diseases
Bloom's taxonomy of learning suggests that there are different levels of mastery when a student first confronts a topic. There are also three domains of learning: cognitive, which pertains to mental skills of the acquisition of knowledge; affective, which relates to emotional growth; and the psychomotor domain which pertains to physical skills (Clark, 2015, "Original cognitive"). This taxonomy is not only applicable to students learning in the classroom but also to patients. Nurses can act as teachers, particularly for patients and their families managing chronic disease who must assume many of the healthcare-related tasks performed by nurses in hospital settings.
On a cognitive level, according to Bloom, on the level from simplest to most complex there are the following levels of learning, as located on a hierarchy. The first, knowledge, refers to conveying factual knowledge to the…...
mlaReferences
Clark, D. (2015). Bloom's taxonomy: The affective domain. Retrieved from:
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/Bloom/original_cognitive_version.html
Clark, D. (2015). Bloom's taxonomy: The original cognitive domain. Retrieved from:
Chronic Disease on Patients Life
Managing chronic disease
Among the common chronic diseases that we have is asthma. Asthma is a disease that tends to be of airways and characterized by variable as well as ever occurring symptoms bronchospam, and reversible airflow obstruction. Some of its major symptoms include chest tightness, coughing, shortness of breath and wheezing. Cause of asthma has been associated with combination of environmental and genetic factors. How it is diagnosed depends on the spirometry, response to therapy over time, and the pattern of symptoms. This paper is based on the interview done towards children who were suffering from asthma in trying to describe these patients experience while living with asthma and what impact it has on their life.
My interview was carried out among children who were suffering from Asthma. They had different stories on the way they realized or came to discover that they were asthmatic however…...
mlaReferences
National Institutes of Health (2012) "What is Asthma?" Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved June 16, 2013. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/asthma/
Chronic Disease
Economic stagnation and poverty are important consequences and causes of chronic diseases in the middle and low-income countries. Approximately ninety percent of all chronic disease deaths happen in the middle or low-income countries. People in these nations develop diseases at a tender age, die sooner, and suffer longer than those in high income nations. Chronic diseases like obesity have a major economic impact on people and families: it is a major cause of poverty and hinders national economic development. The major causes of diabetes are well-known and are same globally. It is possible to control and prevent obesity through a range of interventions, most of which are inexpensive and highly cost-effective to implement. This study takes an in-depth look at diabetes, as a chronic disease and evaluates ways to address this issue through the application of chronic disease models and frameworks. In addition, it will consider the impact…...
mlaReferences
Gerstein, H.C., & Haynes, R.B. (2011). Evidence-based diabetes care. Hamilton, Ont: BC Decker.
Morewitz, S.J. (2006). Chronic diseases and health care: New trends in diabetes, arthritis, osteoporosis, fibromyalgia, low back pain, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. New York, NY: Springer.
Nici, L., & ZuWallack, R.L. (2012). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Co-morbidities and systemic consequences. New York: Humana Press.
Unger, J. (2013). Diabetes management in primary care. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
In the long-term treatment of asthma, the administration of inhaled corticosteroids is often useful in inhibiting the attacks from getting worse to the level of requiring emergency treatments. Among the various permanent treatment methods available for asthma, ICS has been proven to provide the best results in asthma patients regardless of age. It is the prevalent preliminary treatment approach for recurring asthma in juvenile patients. The first dosage of ICS-Rx can be considered as a preventive measure due to the fact that in the course of the therapy, it indicates a change in the level of disease acuteness, persistence of symptoms, and the setting off of a requirement for daily treatment of inflammation. Factors responsible for visits to the ED within a short while after the first administration of ICS-Rx include: recurrent contact with external triggering factors, inaccurate knowledge of the level of severity on the part of the parents,…...
mlaReferences
Bostock-Cox, B. (2014). COPD: treatment and prevention of acute exacerbations. Practice Nurse, 44(10), 20.Gershwin, M. E., & Albertson, T. E. (2011). Bronchial asthma: A guide for practical understanding and treatment. New York: Springer.Gullotta, T. P., Blau, G. M., & Ramos, J. M. (2017). Handbook of childhood behavioral issues: evidence-based approaches to prevention and treatment. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.Heffner, J. E. (1996). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Ethical Considerations of Care. CLINICAL PULMONARY MEDICINE, 3, 1-8.Mapel, D. W., & Roberts, M. H. (2014). Management of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Combination Inhaled Corticosteroids and Long-Acting ?-Agonists: A Review of Comparative Effectiveness Research. Drugs, 74(7), 737–755. McKeage, K. (2015). Tiotropium Respimat: A Review of Its Use in Asthma Poorly Controlled with Inhaled Corticosteroids and Long-Acting ?-Adrenergic Agonists. Drugs, 75(7), 809-816. doi:10.1007/s40265-015-0393-yRust, G., Zhang, S., Holloway, K., & Tyler-Hill, Y. (2015). Timing of Emergency Department Visits for Childhood Asthma after Initial Inhaled Corticosteroid Use. Population Health Management, 18(1), 54-60. doi:10.1089/pop.2013.0126The New York Times. (2013). COPD In-Depth Report. Retrieved August 01, 2017, from http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease/print.htmlhttp://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-014-0214-8
obesity is related to other chronic diseases like diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The literature gathered has also indicated that there has been a reduction of obesity and overweight, which has made them less of a health goal. The researchers have established that majority of research concentrates on individuals and little research has been conducted to examine family members. This research has noted that there are people who express concern in regards to their weight, and they make attempts to reduce their food intake. This factor did not lead to any decrease in the prevalence of obesity which is still increasing. Using data from other findings the researchers have identified the need to target obesity strategies directly to the populations that are at risk. They have also noted that family units are vital, and this is why they opted to conduct their research based on family units and not individuals.
Ethical…...
mlaReferences
A Lluch, B.H., L Mejean and G. Siest,. (2000). Dietary intakes, eating style and overweight. International Journal of Obesity, 24(11), 1493-1499.
Boynton, P.M. (2004). Administering, analysing, and reporting your questionnaire. [Article]. BMJ: British Medical Journal (International Edition), 328(7452), 1372-1375.
Generic Drugs in Prevention of Chronic Disease
The cost of healthcare -- including the cost of health insurance -- in the United States has gone up exponentially over the last few years. And when it comes to healthcare for those suffering from chronic diseases, the cost is often more than the patient can afford. But the use of generic drugs could reduce those costs and bring the overall cost of caring for a person with a chronic disease down to a more acceptable level. This paper will review available literature on the subject of generic drug costs and will address the need for doctors to recommend generics.
Generic Drug Costs
According to an article in the journal Health Affairs, chronic disease accounts for "the overwhelming majority of U.S. healthcare costs" (Shrank, et al., 2011, p. 1351). Shrank explains that managing patients with chronic diseases is often done using "pharmacologic therapy," and when there…...
mlaWorks Cited
Beran, Mary Sue, Laouri, Marianne, Suttorp, Marika, and Brook, Robert. (2007). Medication
Costs: The Role Physicians Play with Their Senior Patients. Journal of the American
Geriatrics Society, 55(1), 102-107.
Rodin, Holly A., Heaton, Alan H., Wilson, Amy R., Garrett, Nancy A. And Plocher, David W.
Health Issues for Mrs. A
It seems as if Mrs. A, who states that she has been suffering from both menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea, is presenting classic symptoms and signs of anemia due to blood loss. Blood loss which has been taking place over a long period of time is also a classic symptom of anemia and she is also feeling fatigued and light-headed when she is golfing. Considering all the above signs, it is likely that Mrs. A can be diagnosed with anemia especially considering that she has also consistently and constantly been taking aspirin over the last twelve years which can result in ulcers and gastritis (ebMD, 2014) and lead to chronic bleeding, another sign of anemia. An early study (Hotz-Behofsits et al., 2003) concluded that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) "cause intestinal ulcers" (p. 367) which can also be a contributing factor leading to anemia. The case study on Mrs.…...
mlaWorks Cited
Denton, W.H.; Carmody, T.J.; Rush, A.J.; Thase, M.E.; Trivedi, M.H.; Arnow, B.A. & Keller, M.B.; (2010) Dyadic discord at baseline is associated with lack of remission in the acute treatment of chronic depression. Psychological Medicine: A Journal of Research in Psychiatry and the Allied Sciences, 40(3), p. 415 -- 424.
Dilated Cardiomyopathies (2000) New England Journal of Medicine, 342, p. 1077-1084
Hotz-Behofsits, C.M.; Walley, M.J.M.; Simpson, R. & Bjarnason, I.T.; (2003) Cox-1, Cox-2 and the topical effect in NSAID-induced enteropathy, Inflammopharmacology, 11(4-6) p 363-370
Ford, J.; (2013) Red blood cell morphology, International Journal of Laboratory Hematology, Vol. 35, Issue 3, pp. 351 -- 357
Tai Chi
There have been plenty of studies about the benefits of the wonderful art of Tai Chi. One important one examined the effect of Tai Chi on four chronic conditions -- cancer, osteoarthritis, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study was conducted by Yi-Wen Chen, Michael A Hunt, Kristin L. Campbell, Kortni Peill, W Darlene Reid and it was published in 2015 in the ritish Journal of Sports Medicine.[footnoteRef:1] [1: Yi-Wen Chen et al. "The effect of Tai Chi on four chronic conditions -- cancer, osteoarthritis, heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analyses." ritish Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 6, no. 8 (2015): e0112987. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094388]
Tai Chi is an ancient Chinese practice that focuses on the harmony of the Yin and Yang; as such, it is a martial art that showcases meditative and slow movements to calm the nervous system and to help…...
mlaBibliography
Chen, Yi-Wen et al. "The effect of Tai Chi on four chronic conditions -- cancer, osteoarthritis, heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analyses." British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 6, no. 8 (2015): e0112987. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094388
Chronic disease is a growing problem in countries like the United States. Couple this with the high costs of healthcare and it makes a storm of problems for those seeking treatment and help with handling chronic disease. Common chronic diseases that become more and more prevalent each year are diseases like multiple sclerosis and diabetes. Diabetes is a notoriously expensive chronic illness to manage. Patients often experience complications from the disease like vision loss, high blood pressure, heart disease, and amputation (Institute of Medicine (U.S.), 2012). That is why diabetes must be managed and prevented.
Type II diabetes for example is often acquired through poor diet choices and leading a sedentary life (Institute of Medicine (U.S.), 2012). If people manage to identify and self-regulate these decisions and choose healthy alternatives and commit to more daily exercise, it can have a profound impact on the prevalence of chronic disease. There are various…...
However, he questions the research that has been done in this area. First, he wonders whether the exercise is a placebo effect based on the anticipation of improvement. The second question is the acceptability of this treatment. Many CFS patients actively avoid exercise and many healthcare providers in fact recommend rest at all costs rather than a concern of relapse. However, the positive aspect of the CBT and the exercise is that it has the patients question their fears. In both cases, there is a psychotherapeutic affect that may be beneficial.
The use of antidepressants is another approach that has been suggested and studied. However, the results on this have also been mixed. As Demitrack (1996, p. 282) states, "At the present time, it is unrealistic to present medication as a sole treatment for this disease." It may be that medications could work in the short-term and provide enough symptomatic…...
mlaReferences
Center for Disease Control (2006, May 9). Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Retrieved January 30, 2007 http://www.cdc.gov/cfs/cfsbasicfacts.htm .
Demitrack, M. And Abbey, S. (1996) (Eds) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. New York: Guilford Press.
Hyland, M.E. et. al. (2006) Letter to the Editor. The Lancet 367 (9522), 1573-1576
Komaroff, a., & Fagioli, L. (1996) Medial Assessment of Fatigue and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. In M. Demitrack and S. Abbey (Eds) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (pg. 154-181). New York: Guilford Press,.
Chronic Fatigue in the Aviation Industry
Chronic Fatigue
Fatigue is the mental and/or physical state of being weak and tired. Mental and physical fatigue is different, but the two will often exist together. A person becomes mentally tired if they are physically exhausted for a long period. A person being unable to function physically at their normal levels manifests physical fatigue Jackson & Earl, 2006.
Mental fatigue will manifest itself by a sleepy feeling and inability to concentrate properly. In medical terminologies, fatigue is not a sign, but rather a symptom. This means that a person suffering from fatigue is able to feel and describe the condition. Experts have indicated that around 10% of people globally suffer from persistent tiredness at any one time. Females are more prone to persistent tiredness than males. It is not easy to define fatigue in humans because of its large variability of causes. The causes of fatigue…...
mlaReferences
Avers, K., & Johnson, W.B. (2011). A review of Federal Aviation Administration fatigue research: Transitioning scientific results to the aviation industry. Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors, 1(2), 87.
Bennett, S.A. (2003). Flight crew stress and fatigue in low-cost commercial air operations -- an appraisal. International journal of risk assessment and management, 4(2), 207-231.
Caldwell, J.A. (2003). Fatigue in aviation: A guide to staying awake at the stick. 110 Cherry Street: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Caldwell, J.A. (2005). Fatigue in aviation. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 3(2), 85-96.
Chronic sorrow is characterized by a constant grief in individuals who have lost a "perfect child." In this instance, a perfect child is relative to the individual. A perfect child, as referred to by the article is a child who, in the view of the parents, was exceptionally gifted and had a natural inclination to gravitate towards productive activities. Through the loss of this perfect child, a pervasive and recurrent form of grief persists in the individual. In addition to the common emotions of grief, individuals suffereing from Chronic sorrow also experience bouts of helplessness, frustration, and even fear. Chronic sorrow varies from a conventional form of grief in four main attributes.
There is a perception of sadness that has no end. The situations seems hopeless to the individual and as a result, it seems that the problem can not be resolved
The sorrow is cyclical and recurrent in nature. The feeling…...
mlaReferences
1) Burke, Mary L., Georgene Eakes, and Margaret A. Hainsworth. "Middle-range theory of chronic sorrow." Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship Summer 1998: 179+. Academic OneFile. Web. 7 Nov. 2011.
2) Thai nurses' experience of caring for persons who had a peaceful death in intensive care units. (2011) Nursing Science Quarterly, 24 (4), pp. 374-384
Chronic Liver Disease
With a number of functions -- including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of chemicals that are necessary for digestion -- the human liver is vital.
It is reddish brown and has four unequal sized lobes; usually weighs about 3.5 pounds and is the largest gland in the human body. It is located just below the diaphragm in the body's right upper abdominal quadrant.
The liver plays a major role in the body's metabolic processes as well -- glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, some hormone production.
The liver produces bile -- which is an alkaline compound that helps in digestion by changing fat (lipid) molecules to a more digestible format.
The liver's detoxification and synthesis of micronutrients are vital -- short-term liver dialysis is possible, but a person cannot exist without a functioning liver (Virtual Liver, 2008).
Cirrhosis of the Liver
Cirrhosis is the result of chronic liver disease in which liver…...
mlaREFERENCES
Nutrition and Cirrhosis. (2010). HepCNet. Retrieved from:
Greenlee, H., et.al. (2007). "Clinical Applications of Silybum Marianum." Integrative
Cancer Therapies. 6(1): 158-65.
Huseini, H., et.al. (2006). "The Effects of Sulybum Marianum in the Treatment of Type II Diabetes." Phytotherapeutic Research. 20(1): 1036-39.
he most common progressive chronic lung situations that would require the rehabilitation include interstitial lung disease, chest wall disease, bronchiectasis, and pre and post thoracic surgery. he fourth category of patients to offered pulmonary rehabilitation is those with recent exacerbation of COPD requiring hospitalization, without the anticipated recovery path, and whose functional baseline has changed significantly ("Service Specification," 2012).
he Problem:
Chronic lung diseases have developed to become one of the most common respiratory illnesses across the country. As the diseases have become one of the major reasons for hospitalizations of patients, they usually affect individuals at the age of 35 years and above despite of the fact that these individuals are usually not diagnosed until they are 50 years and above. he growth and rapid increase of chronic diseases is attributed to the tendency of many people with the disease not to get medical assistance. While the conditions continue to…...
mlaThe most common progressive respiratory disease is the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), which is a name that is also used to refer to a collection of lung diseases ("Introduction," 2012). The other common chronic lung diseases include emphysema, chronic bronchitis, chest wall disease, interstitial lung disease, chronic asthma, and obstructive airways disease. These chronic lung diseases usually involve a combination of three major factors i.e. airway diseases, lung circulation diseases, and lung tissue diseases. As the name suggests, the airway diseases affect the airways or tubes that transport oxygen and other gases to and from the lungs. In contrast, the lung tissues diseases affect the lung tissue structure through inflammation or scarring of the tissue. Lung circulation diseases affect the blood vessels in the lungs through scarring, clotting, or inflammation of these vessels. As a result, these diseases contribute to difficulties of the lungs to receive oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The severity of chronic lung diseases is basically dependent on the combination of these three conditions. However, most of the chronic lung diseases are attributed to the narrowing or blockage of the airways. For instance, emphysema, COPD, and chronic bronchitis are conditions that inhibit the ability of the tubes or airways to carry oxygen and other gases to and from the lungs. Generally, patients with chronic lung diseases such as COPD always have difficulties breathing because of airflow obstruction or narrowing of the airways.
As previously mentioned, these diseases account for a huge number of hospital emergency room visits and hospitalizations, although they are largely preventable. Despite being preventable, these diseases have become some of the major causes of death and key factors in the ever-increasing huge human and economic burden because of the tendency of patients to ignore their symptoms ('Emergency Department Support Fund Application," n.d). The major symptoms of these diseases include rising breathlessness, frequent chest infections, and constant cough with phlegm ("Introduction," 2012). The tendency to ignore these symptoms contributes to the many incidents of recidivism to acute care facilities.
The main cause of chronic lung diseases, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is smoking. An individual enhances the risk of developing these diseases when he/she smokes more and for long periods of time. Smoking results in scarring that increases the risk of chronic lung diseases, through irritating or inflaming the lungs. The inflammation in turn results in permanent lung changes over many years. During this period, the walls of the tubes or airways thicken as more mucus is generated. In addition to making the lungs lose their normal elasticity, the damage or harm to the delicate walls of the air sacs in the lungs results in the development of emphysema. Moreover, the smaller airways or tubes become narrowed or scarred. The combination of these permanent changes to the lungs contributes to symptoms of cough, breathlessness, and phlegm linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary
Obesity a Disease?
Introduction, Background, and Definition
Persuade the scientists
Persuade the advocacy groups
Persuade the federal agencies
Persuade the insurance companies
Persuade the drug makers
Visual: Charts
Recommendations & Conclusions
Is Obesity a Disease?
hat is a disease? According to the Merriam-ebster Online Dictionary, the second two definitions of "disease" are "2: a condition of the living animal or plant body or of one of its parts that impairs normal functioning: SICKNESS, MALADY; 3: a harmful development (as in a social institution)" (Merriam-ebster OnLine, 2003). Definition number two describes how the being is personally affected by a disease, and definition number three describes how society as a whole is affected by a disease. It is recommended that the epidemic of obesity in America be given a disease status to confront this "harmful development" that "impairs normal functioning" in society.
By declaring obesity a disease, American society can face up to obesity as an epidemic in our nation. Just as…...
mlaWorks Cited
Body Mass Index Charts. Partnership for Healthy Weight Management. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on November 25, 2003, at http://www.consumer.gov/weightloss/bmi.htm .
Brownell, Kelly; Liebman, Bonnie. "The pressure to eat: why we're getting fatter." Nutrition Action Health Newsletter. July-August 1998. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on November 25, 2003, at http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0813/n6_v25/21128354/p1/article.jhtml?term= .
Critser, Greg. "Let them eat fat." Harper's Magazine. March 2000. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on November 25, 2003, at http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m1111/1798_300/60102141/p1/article.jhtml .
Knoll Pharmaceutical Company begins nationwide distribution of new anti-obesity agent, MERIDIA." Business Wire. February 12, 1998. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on November 25, 2003, at http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0EIN/1998_Feb_12/20231879/p2/article.jhtml?term=
Self- management support refers to the help provided to people with chronic conditions. This help is designed to help patients manage chronic conditions on a daily basis. It is common with many conditions, but may be mentioned most often in the context of diabetes because diabetes is a manageable disease, but requires a substantial amount of self-care. Self-management support is based on several principles, which are focused on providing the patient with the tools to manage their health conditions.
The pillars of self-management include: involving the care team in planning patient visits, focusing....
Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) like AdventHealth aim to improve healthcare quality by enhancing care coordination, reducing unnecessary spending, and focusing on preventative care. Metrics often used to evaluate their impact include patient satisfaction scores, hospital readmission rates, and the management of chronic conditions. ACOs are compared through benchmarks in these areas, cost savings, and quality of care improvements.
Determining the impact of AdventHealth ACO on healthcare quality and metrics requires a deep dive into several factors. Here's a breakdown of key aspects to consider:
Metrics used for evaluation:
Essay Topics on the Recent Childhood Obesity Epidemic
Introduction:
In recent years, childhood obesity has emerged as a significant public health concern, affecting millions of children worldwide. The epidemic has far-reaching implications for both the physical and mental well-being of our children. This essay presents a comprehensive overview of the current childhood obesity epidemic, exploring its causes, consequences, and potential solutions.
Causes of Childhood Obesity:
Dietary Factors: The consumption of processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats contributes significantly to childhood obesity.
Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity and increased screen time have led to decreased energy expenditure and increased calorie intake.
Genetic....
1. The Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Physical and Mental Health
The physiological effects of alcohol on the liver, brain, heart, and other organs
The psychological consequences of alcohol abuse, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment
The link between alcohol use and chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke
2. Alcohol Consumption and Social Behavior
The role of alcohol in social interactions, including its effects on communication, mood, and aggression
The impact of alcohol consumption on relationships, family life, and work performance
The social consequences of alcohol abuse, such as domestic violence, child neglect, and crime
3. Alcohol Policy and....
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