Also the correlation between LVMI and P suggested higher risk for developing cardiovascular complications among the obese children. [Maggio et.al, 2008]
Coronary Heart Diseases

Childhood obesity is implicated as a chief risk factor for developing coronary heart diseases in adult life. As per a prediction by ibbins-Domingo et al., the increased prevalence of childhood obesity among the current population will result in up to 16% increase in the prevalence of CHD by 2035. (involving an addition of up to 100,000 cases.) [David S. Ludwig, 2007] a recent Danish research studied the relationship between childhood obesity and the onset of adulthood CHD. For this study the researchers observed the MI of 276,835 Danish school children taken from the national registers. It was observed that 10,235 men and 4318 women developed CHD and died. Using regression analyses to the data revealed a clear positive correlation between higher MI in childhood and contracting CHD…...

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Bibliography

1) a Maggio, Y. Aggoun & L. Marchand et.al (2008), ' Associations among Obesity, Blood Pressure, and Left Ventricular Mass', the Journal of Pediatrics, Volume 152, Issue 4, Pages 489-493

2) CDC, "The Obesity Epidemic and United States Students," retrieved Oct 7th 2009, from,  http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/pdf/yrbs07_us_obesity.pdf 

3) CDC, 'Availability of Less Nutritious Snack Foods and Beverages in Secondary Schools -Selected States, 2002 -- 2008', Retrieved Oct 9th 2009, from,  http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm58e1005a1.htm 

4) Commercial Alert, 'Junk Food Ad Ban Comes into Force in Britain', retrieved Oct 9th 2009, from,  http://www.commercialalert.org/issues/health/international-public-health/junk-food-ad-ban-comes-into-force-in-britain

Another factor which has been proven to be linked to obesity is breast-feeding. Children that are breast-fed are less likely to become obese than bottle-fed infants. ("Further..." 2003) Other reasons cited for the increase in obesity among children is a lack of education (such as mandatory physical education programs) and a lack of safe places to exercise in urban areas. (Michael & Styne 1999)

The best approach to treating childhood obesity is to prevent it by all means possible. Parents must not overfeed infants, which is a common mistake that leads to a lifelong habit. (Moran 1999) "Increasing physical activity and practical nutritional knowledge through education in schools or through extracurricular programs should be an obvious first step that may require legislative action." (Johnsen 2003) if the child is already overweight, a comprehensive weight management program needs to be instated. Setting reasonable and healthy goals, dietary management such as keeping records…...

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Works Cited

Adhib et al. (2004 November) Obesity. Wikipedia.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity 

Davis, M., Davis, S., Kolar, K., Moll, G., & Northington, L. (2002, November-Decemer) Childhood obesity reduction by school-based programs.

The ABNF Journal. American Family Physician, Retrieved on November 20, 2004, at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0MJT/is_6_13/ai_95915535 

1999) Facts About Childhood Obesity and Overweightness. Family Economics and Nutrition Review, Winter. Retrieved on November 20, 2004, at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EUB/is_1_12/ai_57512258

Childhood Obesity
One of the most significant health problems seen in the United States is obesity. ithin this dynamic there are particular issues of special concern for the health care industry and society in general, most notably the exponential increase in obesity found among children. (Strauss, Pollack, 2001, pgs. 2845-2848) and (Troiano, Flegel, 1998, pgs. 497-504) "Childhood obesity has more than doubled over the past 20 years, and it represents the most prevalent nutritional disease among youth in the United States." (Lowry, echsler, Galuska, Fulton, & Kann, 2002, pg. 1)

Though there are many other problems faced by the youth of America today the press on violence and relatively rare though increasing incidences of it far outweighs the press on the issue of childhood obesity, a much more widespread and deadly problem. Obesity is discussed through the overzealous and unrealistic body images of adults and young adults, as represented by the racially…...

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Works Cited

Astrup, Arne, 2001, Dietary Strategies for Weight Management the Importance of Carbohydrates, Australian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 58/Suppl. 1, pgs.

S9-S12.

Baughcum, Amy E. Leigh A. Chamberlin, Cindy M. Deeks, Scott W. Powers, Robert C.

Whitaker, 2000, Maternal Perceptions of Overweight Preschool Children,

Childhood Obesity in Kentucky
Childhood overweight and obesity has grown at an alarming rate over the last decade. Obesity is linked to media advertising, environmental, social and psychological, food labeling, and parental factors. Causes of childhood obesity have been linked to sedentary lifestyles with limited or no physical activity and unhealthy eating of excessive fatty and sugary foods.

Body mass index (BMI) is a measure used to determine overweight and obesity using height, weight, age, and sex-specific percentile calculations. For children, overweight is defined as BMI between the 85th and 95th percentile for children of the same sex and age (Basics About Childhood Obesity, 2012). Obese is defined as BMI at the 95th percentile or above for children of the same sex and age.

Obese children are experiencing health problems that used to only be seen in adulthood. Overweight and obese children are at risk for cardiovascular disease factors, type 2 diabetes, breathing…...

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Works Cited

A Growing Problem: What causes childhood obesity. (2013, Apr 17). Retrieved from CDC:  http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/problem.html 

Ashton, D. (2004). Food advertising and childhood obesity. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 97(2), 51-52 Retrieved from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1079287/?report=classic .

Basics About Childhood Obesity. (2012, Apr 27). Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:  http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/basics.html 

Bishop, J.M. (2005, Aug). Childhood Obesity. Retrieved from ASPE. hhs.gov:  http://aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/child_obesity/ index.cfm

The conductors of the study relied upon past information indicating that children born with low birth weights have an increased likelihood of suffering from health problems later in life -- many of these health problems are results of obesity. Generally -- the study found -- children born small but who catch up to average children by age two, tend to have higher central fat distributions later in life. The authors assert that this information is valuable because it suggests that reducing factors that lead to premature births may help in reducing the number of obese children.
Rimm, Dr. Sylvia. (2004). Rescuing the Emotional Lives of Overweight Children. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Dr. Rimm argues in her book that many of the social pressures put upon overweight children tend to have emotional results that perpetuate their weight problems. She refers to, throughout her book, many studies that she and others have…...

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With this book the authors attempt to outline a twelve step plan for helping obese children reach more healthy body weights. It is suggested that this goal can be attained in just twelve weeks. First, causes are identified -- such as television, social issues, and industrialization -- then, general and rather obvious solutions are put forward. The authors argue that the parents themselves need to alter the way they eat in order to influence their children; they also need to lead more active lifestyles. This is because it is unlikely that the child will change their behavior independently. Essentially, this book offers nothing particularly new to the problem of childhood obesity and relies very little on actual scientific research or hypotheses.

Willms, J. Douglas. (2004). Early Childhood Obesity: A Call for Early Surveillance and Preventative Measures. Canadian Medical Association, Aug. 3; 171 (3).

Willms, throughout this article, points to results from a study conducted by Canning, Courage and Frizzell which sought to illustrate the importance of early surveillance of childhood obesity. He admits that there are certain limitations when attempting to define obesity for children and adolescents, but maintains that the methods for measuring this used by Canning and associates circumvented most of these issues. Willms further believes that evidence indicating childhood obesity produces health problems later in life is meager at this point and time and will require much more study than has currently been conducted. The article argues that obesity in children needs to be watched closely by experts because the implications for the health care systems of developed world are many and ominous.

(Obesity in Young Children: Impact and Intervention. NICHM esearch Brief. 2004). The report echoes the views of many other critics that there is a decided need for further research to understand how overweight status can impact on children's mental health.
This has led to calls for many professionals to deal with the problem at a school level -- and particularly with regard to the formalization of physical exercise for children. This is seen to be an area that can make a difference in the fight against obesity. Dalton ( 2004) in a study entitled Our Overweight Children: What Parents, Schools, and Communities Can Do to Control the Fatness Epidemic, states that the responsibly in the fight against this serious problem lies with school and state authorities. He states that,

America faces a fast-growing epidemic of childhood obesity that threatens the long-term physical and psychological health of the nation's children. It is…...

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References

Dalton, S. (2004). Our Overweight Children: What Parents, Schools, and Communities Can Do to Control the Fatness Epidemic. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Retrieved April 1, 2009 from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=105943460 

Foster, Gary D. et al. "Primary Care Physicians' Attitudes about Obesity and Its Treatment." Retrieved April 1, 2009 from the North American Association for the Study of Obesity;  http://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v11/n10/full/oby2003161a.html 

Gallo R. F as in Fat: How Obesity Policies are Failing in America. Retrieved April 1, 2009 from  http://ezinearticles.com/?F-as-in-Fat:-How-Obesity -'Policies-are-Failing-in-America&id=286359

Junk food in schools worsens childhood obesity. Retrieved April 1, 2009 from  http://www.nber.org/digest/sep05/w11177.html .

Childhood Obesity
The ole of the School in Fighting Childhood Obesity

According to the Centers for Disease Control, childhood obesity has more than tripled in the past thirty years (2010). The long-term health impacts are significant and include greater risk of cardiovascular disease and bone and joint problems. Obese youth are more likely than youth of normal weight to become overweight adults and therefore at greater risk for the problems faced by obese adults, including heart disease, stroke, several types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Children and adolescents who are obese often experience social and psychological problems. They may be teased, ostracized or bullied by peers because of their weight and suffer poor self-esteem as a result. The problem of childhood obesity is a medical problem and it is a social and cultural one as well. Today's children spend less unstructured time playing outdoors than children of past generations. Families, headed by single…...

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References

Healthy Youth! Childhood Obesity. (2010). National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved from  http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/obesity/ 

La Merrill, M., & Birnbaum, L.S. (2011). Childhood obesity and environmental chemicals.

Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 78 (1), 22-48. DOI: 10.1002/msj.20229

Li, J., & Hooker, N.H. (2010). Childhood obesity and schools: Evidence from the natural survey of children's health. Journal of School Health 80 (2), 96-103.

Childhood Obesity 9079
Man has always attributed scientific advancement to an improvement in life style, better cures for life threatening diseases, improved health and decrease in disease related deaths. However, today it is evident that these advancements are equal parts beneficial and harmful. Health risks instead of decreasing have increased, new diseases have emerged and some have become more widespread. One result of man's improved lifestyle is the increase in obesity especially in children. The paper will highlight some basic information regarding 'childhood obesity' and explain the reason behind the selection of the topic as well as the direction of future research and writing on it.

Introduction

According to WHO 'Obesity' is the gaining or accumulation of "excessive fat" which results in increase in health risks. The organization has also pointed out alarming increase in the number of obese children. Apparently this abnormal fat collection affects the entire metabolism and gives rise to…...

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References:

Anderson, P.M. & Butcher, K.F. (2006).Jstor. Childhood Obesity: Trends and Potential Causes. Vol: 16 (I: 1).Retrieved 28 June, 2012, from  http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3556549?uid=3738832&uid=2&uid=4&sid=56279574313 

CDC (2012). Adolescent and School Health: Childhood Obesity Facts. Retrieved 27 June, 2012, from  

Childhood Obesity Dangers Being Linked to Fast Food Diets
Unfortunately, there is a major concern that is threatening the health and well-being of American children around the country -- obesity. Childhood obesity levels have risen dramatically over the past two decades (Ebbeling et al. 473). They are now reaching international levels of disaster. Modern research has been exploring many possible factors for this increase in childhood obesity. One of the major factors that seem to be undeniable is an unhealthy diet, filled with Tran's fats and sugar within the context of fast foods. As more and more children eat a greater amount of fast food, they are being exposed to very serious risk factors that could lead them into obesity during their childhood, which undoubtedly will follow them into their adulthood.

Empirical studies and modern research have only begun to uncover the link between fast food and rising rates of childhood obesity.…...

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References

Bowman, Shanthy A.; Gortmaker, Steven L.; Ebbeling, Cara B.; Pereira, Mark A.; & Ludwig, David. "Effects of Fast-Food Consumption on Energy Intake and Diet Quality among Children in a National Household Survey." American Journal of Pediatrics. 2004. (113) [HIDDEN]

Ebbeling, Cara B.; Pawlak, Dorota, B.; & Ludwig, David S. "Childhood Obesity: Public-Health Crisis, Common Sense Cure." Lancet. 2002, (360) [HIDDEN]

Childhood Obesity
While standing in line at my local McDonald's I was struck by the number of overweight children.

Everywhere I gazed, the children surrounding me were overweight

I wondered why

What is Childhood Obesity?

O is an excess of body fat that negatively affects a child's health and well being

is classified by a child's BMI (Body Mass Index)

What causes Childhood Obesity?

Dietary

Today's prepackaged food is calorie rich and a significant contributor

High sugar drinks (soda, juice, so called "energy drinks)

Fast Food nation

High calorie snacks

Surprisingly, whole milk was not found to negatively affect a child's weight

Sedentary lifestyle

Students who are obese, tend to be sedentary

esearchers discovered obese children were 35% less active on school days and 65% less active on weekends compared to non-obese children.

Obese children live in a televisual world, rather than a physical world: TV, computers, video games

esearchers discovered, discovered children were 21.5% more likely to be overweight when watching 4+ hours of TV per day,…...

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References

Davis B, Carpenter C (December 2008). "Proximity of Fast-Food Restaurants to Schools and Adolescent Obesity." Am J. Public Health 99 (3): 505.

Kimm SY, Obarzanek E (2002). "Childhood obesity: a new pandemic of the new millennium." Pediatrics 110 (5): 1003 -- 7.

Kolata, Gina (2007). Rethinking Thin: The new science of weight loss -- and the myths and realities of dieting. Picador.

A survey of some of the nation's most popular fast-food restaurants revealed numerous high calorie, high fat, and trans fat in children's menu food selections. Helm found the fast-food restaurant Bojangles had an offering that was 841 kcal and had more than 16 grams of fat, with information on trans fat not available. Kentucky Fried Chicken had the offering with the highest level of trans fat. Their children's offering had 510 kcal and 6.5 grams of fat, and a disturbing 7 grams of trans fat. Subway, whose marketing program revolves around Jared, the man who lost weight eating only their sandwiches, had the children's offering with the second highest trans fat found - at 450 kcal and 5.5 grams of fat, it had 3.5 grams of trans fat. Arby's prime offender was 630 kcal and 7 grams of fat, although this offering had no trans fat.

Other high calorie, high fat,…...

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References

Helms, L. "Analysis of Fast Food Choices Available for Children." Health Education Monograph 24(2) 2007: pp. 26-31. Education Research Complete EBSCOHost. University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ. November 7, 2007  http://web.ebscohost.com .

King, B. "Childhood Obesity." Alive: Canadian Journal of Health & Nutrition (299) Sept 2007: pp. 36-38. Alt HealthWatch. EBSCOHost. University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ. November 7, 2007

Childhood Obesity
Summary of Public Health Program Plan and Purposes of Evaluation

Obesity is a growing problem in the United States for both children and adults. Over the past 30 years, obesity has more than doubled among U.S. children ages 2 to 5 and nearly tripled among young people over the age of 6 (Obesity, 2011, NIH). Low-income and minority children are statistically more likely to suffer this condition: although the reasons for this are complex and difficult to determine, a lack of access to healthy, affordable food and places to exercise as well as cultural factors such as chronic food insecurity are implicated as factors. On a personal level, obesity can have devastating psychological and physical consequences for the individual; on a social level, an increase in obesity means that healthcare costs for the chronic conditions associated with obesity, including diabetes and heart disease. Obese children are more likely to become…...

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References

A framework for program evaluation. (2013). CDC. Retrieved:

 http://www.cdc.gov/eval/framework/index.htm 

Week 5: Dissemination of Program Evaluation Results & Creating a Timeline

See PERT chart.

Childhood Obesity
Healthy People 2020 Objectives include the growing acknowledgment in the areas of research, clinical practice and policy that the early and middle years of childhood make provision of the "physical, cognitive, and social-emotional foundation for lifelong health, learning and well-being." (p.1) Healthy nutrition is among the goals of Healthy People 2020 and included in these nutrition goals are consumption of various foods that are nutrient-dense across all the groups of foods particularly those of fruits, vegetable, whole grains, low-fat/fat-free milk and lean meats as well as other sources of protein. (Healthy People 2020, paraphrased) It is reported within the Healthy People 2020 objectives that all individuals should avoid gaining weight that constitutes an unhealthy gain of weight. The reasons that are given for avoiding unhealthy weight gain includes that people who are of a healthy weight are less likely to develop chronic disease including heart disease, osteoarthritis, some cancers…...

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References

Nutrition and Weight Status (2014) Healthy People 2020. Retrieved from:  http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=29 

Preventing Childhood Obesity: Tips for Parents (2012) New York State Department of Public Health. Retrieved from: https://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/nutrition/resources/obparnts.htm

I knew a family with five children. The mother did not like to cook and so for dinner every night, she took her kids to McDonalds. The children ate hamburgers almost every night for most of their childhood. They also ate lots of French fries and drank gallons of Coke, all of which had lots of carbohydrates, sugar and fat in them. But the resulting thing that happened to these five kids showed up as they developed. When they were four or five years of age both the boys and the girls tended to be overweight, but tall and muscular for their age. They were all very active physically, so did not become morbidly obese, but would still be considered obese. When they reached 10, 11 and 12 years of age they began to grow even more than they had as children and were extraordinarily tall and heavy. The oldest…...

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References

Belsky, J. (2007). Experiencing the Lifespan. New York: Worth Publishers.

Gavin, M.L. (2005). Kids Health. Nemours Foundation. Retrieved March 7, 2008 at  http://kidshealth.org/teen/food_fitness/dieting/obesity.html .

Raloff, Janet. (2002). Hormones: Here's the Beef: environmental concerns reemerge over steroids given to livestock. Science News 161, no. 1, January 5, 2002.

Childhood Obesity
Imagine living as an obese child. What are the trends with this phenomenon? Will he or she discover a way of changing his or her lifestyle? These children have a number of issues that arise because of this occurring at such a young age, which one will investigate further.

In the United States, childhood obesity has become a health problem. "The number of adolescents has tripled since 1980 and the prevalence among younger children has more than doubled. 16% of children age 6-19 years are overweight" (ASPE, 2011, para 1). Those that have this problem are predominantly that of minorities. For example, those that are African-American as well as Mexican-American from the ages of 12-19 are more likely to become overweight by 21-23%; however, 14% were those who were non-Hispanic white teenagers. From 1992-2002, "another 15% were at risk of becoming overweight. Those that are 5-18 years old, 39% were…...

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References

ASPE. (2011). Childhood obesity. Retrieved June 29, 2011, from ASPE:  http://aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/child_obesity/ .

CDC. (2011a). Childhood obesity. Retrieved June 29, 2011, from CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/obesity/.

CDC. (2011b). U.S. obesity trends. Retrieved June 29, 2011, from CDC:  http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/trends.html .

Spark Action. (2004). Government Leadership in Preventing Childhood Obesity. Retrieved June 29, 2011, from Spark Action:  http://sparkaction.org/node/30686 .

Many people have suggested reasons that obesity remains prevalent in Salford, UK.  The low level of adult physical activity is believed to be the primary cause, but it is important to recognize that childhood obesity is also a factor in Salford.  In addition, one must compare other health measures in Salford to the rest of the UK to get a full picture.  In general, Salford is simply less healthy than the English average, with higher rates of adult smoking, smoking-related deaths, alcohol-related hospital stays, mental health conditions, dementia, and learning disabilities.  This seems to be directly linked to issues....

1. The impact of marketing and advertising on children's food choices and their contribution to the rise in childhood obesity
2. The role of schools in combating childhood obesity through nutrition education and healthy meal options
3. The connection between socioeconomic status and childhood obesity rates
4. The importance of regular physical activity and its impact on reducing childhood obesity
5. The effects of digital devices and screen time on childhood obesity rates
6. The influence of parents and family habits on children's weight and eating habits
7. The challenges of addressing childhood obesity in minority and marginalized communities
8. The long-term health implications of childhood obesity....

Essay Topics on the Recent Childhood Obesity Epidemic

Introduction:

In recent years, childhood obesity has emerged as a significant public health concern, affecting millions of children worldwide. The epidemic has far-reaching implications for both the physical and mental well-being of our children. This essay presents a comprehensive overview of the current childhood obesity epidemic, exploring its causes, consequences, and potential solutions.

Causes of Childhood Obesity:

Dietary Factors: The consumption of processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats contributes significantly to childhood obesity.
Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity and increased screen time have led to decreased energy expenditure and increased calorie intake.
Genetic....

The fast food industry has a significant impact on our society, economy, and health, making it imperative to critically examine its origins, marketing tactics, and nutritional content in order to better understand the consequences of consuming fast food on a regular basis. Some potential thesis statements for a paper on fast food could include:

1. The prevalence of fast food in modern society has led to detrimental health consequences, including obesity, heart disease, and diabetes, making it crucial to analyze the nutritional content and impact of fast food on individuals.

2. The fast food industry's marketing tactics, such as targeting children through catchy....