Wives and Midwives: Childbirth and Nutrition in ural Malaysia
By Carol Laderman, 1983

Anthropology, according to Merriam-Webster Online dictionary, is "the science of human beings..." In particular, "the study of human beings in relation to distribution, origin, classification, and relationship of races, physical character, environmental and social relations, and culture..."

In reading and analyzing the assigned book by author Carol Laderman, it is important to realize that in terms of her credentials, she is far more than just an author, or a journalist, writing about interesting cultural subjects. To wit, she is the former chair of the Anthropology Department - and currently the co-director of the M.A. Program in Applied and Urban Anthropology - of City College of New York; she has served as a professor at Yale and Fordham Universities; she has received fellowships from the Guggenheim and ockefeller foundations; she has lectured on her specialty, medical anthropology, nutrition, reproduction, and the…...

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Reference

Laderman, Carol (1983). Wives and Midwives: Childbirth and Nutrition in Rural

Malaysia. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Non-Pharmacological Pain elief With Childbirth
Dealing with aging dementia patients can be a challenge in and of itself. However, when healthcare providers need to include regulating pain as well, the challenge becomes even greater. Pain management with cognitively impaired patients is a constant problem within geriatric care in modern healthcare facilities (Zwakhalen et al. 2006). The reduced self capacity to report pain in its true degrees then makes pain management a challenge for physicians and healthcare providers (Husebo et al. 2007). Thus, research aims to explore effective measures for observing and reporting pain management within aging dementia patients.

Horgas et al. (2009) is an in-depth examination of the various factors that can be used to report pain within these specific groups of patients. The journal is from the American Geriatrics Society, and thus is clearly peer-reviewed. It is a thorough examination into how dementia patients report their own pain, as well as…...

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References

Horgas, Ann L.; Elliott, Amanda F.; & Marsiske, Michael. (2009). Pain assessment in persons with dementia: Relationship between self-report and behavioral observation. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57(2009), 126-132.

Husebo, Bettina Sandgathe; Strand, Liv Inger; Moe-Nilssen, Rolf; Husebo, Stein Borge; Snow, Andrea Lynn; & Ljunggren, Anne Elisabeth. (2007). Mobilization-Observation-Behavior-Intensity-Dementia Pain Scale (MOBID): Development and validation of a nurse-administered pain assessment tool for use in dementia. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 34(1), 67-83.

Zwakhalen, Sandra M.G.; Hamers, Jan P.H.; Abu-Saad, Huda; & Berger, Martijn P.F. (2006). Pain in elderly people with severe dementia: A systematic review of behavioral pain assessment tools. BMC Geriatrics, 6(3). Web.  http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2318/6/3

Three Births The author of this reflection and response has been asked to take in the story of the three-time mother mentioned in a story and how the overall birth process varied so extremely from birth to birth. The third and final birth was apparently without any major hitch but the first one was a train wreck and disaster by comparison. The question to be answered, and that answer is quite obvious, is why the earliest birth was so traumatic and problematic and why things got so much better for the future births. While doctors and nurses surely have at least some good intentions when it comes to the facilitation and expediting of baby births, there is something to be said for letting nature handle things as it may and being more patient.
Analysis
Before getting too much into the reflection angle of this brief essay, the first question to be answered is…...

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References

Butler, K. (2017). Did having a baby leave you with a horrible, debilitating, embarrassing injury? You’re

not alone. Mother Jones. Retrieved 13 August 2017, from  

/politics/2017/01/childbirth-injuries-prolapse-cesarean-section-natural-childbirth/http://www.motherjones.com 

 

However, women also receive labor support even when its starts at a later stage in labor, in settings with companions of their choice, and settings with routine epidural. The supportive care provided to women during labor and birth through the one-to-one nursing includes various processes like provision of physical comfort and information and emotional support. The other processes include assisting women to communicate to caregivers and engaging members of their family as desired by the woman.
As an important part of one-to-one nursing during stages of labor and delivery, continuous support during childbirth enhances the normal labor processes while lessening the use of obstetric interventions. Therefore, this kind of support is an exceptional element of maternity care that provides well-established incentives and has no identified disadvantages.

Enhancement of Spontaneous Vaginal Birth:

Since continuous one-to-one nursing support during childbirth enables women to avoid analgesia or anesthesia and cesarean surgery, it's vital in promoting…...

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References:

Barrett, S.J. & Stark, M.A. (2010). Factors Associated With Labor Support Behaviors of Nurses.

Journal of Perinatal Education, 19(1), 12-18. Retrieved from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820357/ 

"Chapter 5 -- Care During Labour and Birth." (n.d.). Family-Centered Maternity and Newborn

Care: National Guidelines. Retrieved from Public Health Agency of Canada website:  http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/hp-ps/dca-dea/publications/fcm-smp/fcmc-smpf-05-eng.php#careduring

The heat is oppressive and because of that heat Holloway had to endure "an overpowering stench" in the birthing room. alking into that room on a day that was probably over 100 degrees Holloway (p. 6) said the building "was like an oven, baking all the secretions [from pregnant and post-partum women] into a rank casserole" (p. 6). Holloway said she felt like she was "drowning in the smell of flesh, body fluids, and leftover food" -- all made more aromatically spicy by the torrid head in the dry season.

The fierce storms that arrive in rainy season have a huge impact on the village and on the story that Holloway is telling. In many countries, the rainy season would be a blessing after a long, hot dry spell. But the rains that arrive in Mali as the rainy season started are terrifying. "I was startled out of my thoughts by…...

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Works Cited

Holloway, Kris. (2007). Monique and the Mango Rains: Two Years with a midwife

In Mali. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.

deaths in childbirth were a major problem for the medical community (Ey). The most significant cause for the large number of women dying during this process was the occurrence of puerperal sepsis which was more commonly known as childbed fever. A variety of theories were offered to explain this phenomena but some dated theories surrounding the causes of diseases such as malaria and typhoid made progress toward reaching a cure for childbed fever more difficult. The prevailing thought was that both diseases were caused through contact with water and this fact, added to the lack of indoor plumbing, caused doubt to be raised when Hungarian born Ignaz Phillip Semmelweis first suggested his germ theory and its relationship to childbed fever.
Semmelweis, before Lister introduced his germ killing theory, began insisting that the failure to properly wash one's hands between procedures was the cause of infections and, therefore, the reason why…...

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Works Cited

Biddle, C. "Semmelweis revisited: hand hygiene and nosocomial disease transmission in the anesthesia workstation." AANA Journal (2009): 229-237.

Carter, K. Codell. Childbed Fever: A Scientific Biography of Igna Semmelweis (Revised Edition). Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2005.

Cork, D.P. "Remembering Semmelweis: hand hygiene and its importance on today's clinical practice." American Surgeon (2011): 123-125.

Ey, Bridson. "Iatrogenic epidemics of puerperal fever in the 18th and 19th centuries." British Journal of Biomedical Science (1996): 134-139.

(Cattelain, 1997; paraphrased) the work of Cattelain additionally states that as of the beginning of "...July, 1997, approximately 66,000 children born to couples of which one is a Hong Kong resident and one is a mainlanders were waiting to come to Hong Kong, and around 2,000-4,000 children who had entered the territory illegally or overstayed visit permits were estimated to be in Hong Kong." (Cattelain, 1997) Marriage between individuals and the resulting bearing of children has proved problematic to the mainland in terms of regulations and it is stated in Cattelain's work that "One of the first issues that the newly created Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) has had to dealt with his pitted an individual right against a community's capacity to absorb large numbers of new immigrants at one time." (1997)
VII. asic Law Regulating Children orn Outside of Hong Kong with Parent in Hong Kong

It is held…...

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Bibliography

Tu, Edward Jow-Ching (2007 Cross-Border Marriage in Hong Kong and Taiwan. International Marriage Migration in Asia. 2007 Seoul. PAK/IPAR Conference.

Chen, Yu-Hua (2007) the Rise of Cross-Border Marriages and Its Impact on Fertility in Taiwan. Comparative Workshop of low Fertility organized by Asia Research Institute and Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. 22-23 February 2007. National University of Singapore. Online available at http://www.ari.nus.edu.sg/showfile.asp?eventfileid=265

Cattelain, Chlo (1997) Family vs. Society: Hong Kong's Battle Over Right of Abode for Mainland-Born Children. HRIC. 30 June 1997. Online available at  http://iso.hrichina.org/public/contents/article-revision%5fid=4156&item%5fid=4155 

Chan, Bernard (nd) Post-1997 Hong Kong: The Social and Environmental Impact. Asia Financial Group and Asia Insurance Co. Ltd. And the Hong Kong Council of Social Service.

So, in those regards the curriculum is slowly catching up with the times. Personally, I would like to see additions such as a playing of the movie, "The Business of Being Born" at one of the sessions or as homework.
The second way that the curriculum should change within the next three years is to begin allowing more nurses to become certified teachers. Currently, it is easier for a parent to become a coach than it is for a nurse. The reason, according to Bradley, is that the parents have direct experience, whereas nurses only have book-related experience. In fact, Bradley does offer the option for nurses to become a teacher, but additional reading and exam requirements must be met.

Personally, I find it to be in the best interest of Bradley to offer their curriculum with open arms to nurses for one simple reason: the more nurses who know about…...

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Works Cited

Halfon, Saul (2010). Encountering Birth: Negotiating Expertise, Networks, and My STS Self. Science as Culture, 19(1), 61-77.

Hathaway, Marjie; et al. (2007). The Bradley Method Student Workbook. American Academy of Husband Coached Childbirth.

Lake, Rikki (2008). The Business of Being Born. Barranca Productions.

Lieberman, Adrienne (1992). Easing Labor Pain: The Complete Guide to a More Comfortable and Rewarding Birth. The Harvard Common Press, Boston.

The preliminary data suggests that nurses need to adopt a holistic approach toward care as more and more mothers seek out non-pharmacological and natural methods for improving comfort and reducing the pain associated with labor and delivery.
Nurses can also help patients by educating them about their choices during labor, as well as potential unexpected events that occur during labor and delivery. As this study shows, mothers prepared for the unexpected are much more likely to report satisfaction than those who are not.

These findings provide significant insight with regard to nursing education protocols, and open the doors for new approaches to care for patients. Nursing programs of the future should focus on educating staff members regarding alternative therapies that can improve a mother's comfort before, during and after the labor process.

eferences

Huntley, AL, Coon, JT & Ernst, E. (2004 - Jul). "Complementary and alternative medicine for labor pain: A systemic review."…...

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References

Huntley, AL, Coon, JT & Ernst, E. (2004 - Jul). "Complementary and alternative medicine for labor pain: A systemic review." Am J. Obstet Gynecol. 191(1): 36-44.

Kannan, S., Jamison, R.N. & Datta, S. (2001, Sep-Oct). "Maternal satisfaction and pain control in women electing natural childbirth." Reg Anesth Pain Med, 26(5): 468-72.

Ketterhagen, D., VandeVusse, L & Berner, M.A. (2002 - Nov, Dec). "Self-hypnosis:

Alternative anesthesia for childbirth." MCN Am J. Matern Child Nurs. 27(6): 335-40.

Maternity Nursing, Labor & Delivery / Newborn
Labor and Delivery Terms

Para: Para refers to the number of live births a woman has had (it might be a stillbirth, or twins, or even triplets) past the 20-week gestation period (Zimmerman, p. 116).

Gravida: this refers to the number of times a woman has been pregnant, whether she actually gave birth, had an abortion or a stillbirth (Zimmerman, p. 116).

Amniotic Sac: this is a membrane around which the fetus is surrounded. It is a strong series of membranes that is visible after 7 weeks of gestation. (Jurkovic, et al., 2011).

Cervical Effacement: this phrase refers to the measurement of the expansion of the cervix as the baby gets closer to being born. hen the cervix is 50% effaced, it is halfway to being ready for the baby to be born (Jurkovic, et al., 2011).

Cervical dilation: Slowly but surely the cervix begins to open (called dilation)…...

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Works Cited

Encyclopedia Britannica. (2010). Childbirth. Retrieved August 17, 2011, from  http://www.britannica.com/bps/search?query=childbirth .

Heller, Michelle E., and Veach, Lynette M. (2008). Clinical Medical Assisting: A Professional,

Field Smart Approach to the Workplace. Florence, KY: Cengage Learning.

Jailkhani, R., Patil, VS., Laxman, HB, Shivashankara, AR, Kulkarni, SP, and Ravindra, MS.

Mothers and newborns are often separated shortly after delivery, and preterm infants are isolated from their mothers even more than full-term mothers. Some physicians stress that during the period shortly after birth, the parents and newborn need to form an emotional attachment as a foundation for optimal development in years to come.
The extreme form of the bonding hypothesis-that the newborn must have close contact with the mother in the first few days of life to develop optimally-simply is not true. Nonetheless, the weakness of the bonding hypothesis should not be used as an excuse to keep motivated mothers from interacting with their newborns. Such contact brings pleasure to many mothers and in some mother-infant pairs-including pretem infants, adolescent mothers, and mothers from disadvantaged circumstances-early close contact may establish a climate for improved interaction after the mother and infant leave the hospital.

Reflection

Birt is the complete expulsion or extraction from the…...

Child Poverty and Its Effects on Education and Development
Beyond problems of financial inequality that occur when countless young children reside in poor as well as persistently inadequate households, poor children can easily perpetuate the never-ending cycle when they achieve adulthood. Prior study implies that children who're born poor as well as are constantly poor are considerably much more most likely to remain poor as grownups, quit school, give teenage premarital births, and also have spotty employment details than all those not very poor at birth (atcliffe and McKernan 2010). This previous research focused on the earliest cohort of youngsters reviewed here-children born in between 1967 and 1974 as well as who turned Thirty amid 1997 and 2004. An important query is whether or not this link has endured with time. Even though information aren't accessible to see outcomes via age 30 for children born within the subsequent two cohort groups…...

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References

Duncan, Greg, W. Jean Yeung, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and Judith Smith. 1998. "How Much Does Childhood Poverty Affect the Life Chances of Children?" American Sociological Review 63(3): 406 -- 23.

Ratcliffe, Caroline, and Signe-Mary McKernan. 2010. "Childhood Poverty Persistence: Facts and Consequences." Washington, DC: Urban Institute.

Ratcliffe, Caroline, and Signe-Mary McKernan. 2012. "Child Poverty and Its Lasting Consequence." Washington, DC: Urban Institute

Vericker, Tracy, Jennifer Macomber, and Olivia Golden. 2010. "Infants of Depressed Mothers Living in Poverty: Opportunities to Identify and Serve." Washington, DC: Urban Institute.

Infanticide in Australia
Infanticide is the act or practice of killing newborns or infants. It has been committed or performed in every continent and in every level of culture from the poorest hunters and gatherers to the richest and most advanced classes of people and from the time of our ancestors to modern age (Milner 1998). The act or practice has been so rampant that there is enough evidence on record to show that it has been more the rule than an exception and this evidence reflects that parents themselves kill their infants under distressing and stressful situations. The practice or act was so frequent in England in the 19th century that both the medical and the private communities had to think of ways to control the crime (Milner) described by medical practitioners as savage in a contradiction to human progress.

But infanticide is not a modern creation. It was committed or…...

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References

Burleigh, M. (1994). Return to the planet of the apes? - peter singer in Germany. History Today.  http://www.findarticles.com/articles/p/m_mi1373/is_n10444/ai_15912728 

Cooray, M. (2004). Human rights in australia. Youth Matrix. http://www.youthmatrix.com/art_philos_humanrights.htm

Hammoud, AAM. (2004). Status of women in islam. Australian Muslim Community. http://al-emaan.org/wrights1.htm

Knight, K. (2004). Australia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, volume II, online edition.  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02113b.htm

Mary Breckinridge
The history of maternity nursing in many ways echoes that of other types of nursing, although it is arguable that improvements in the quality of nursing care have had an even greater impact that improvements in other arenas of health-care. This paper examines one of the nurses who was instrumental in improving maternal health care through changes and improvements in maternity nursing, Mary Breckenridge, a nurse-midwife who helped to established a neonatal health-care that dramatically reduced the mortality rates of both mothers and infants.

Humans have nursed each other since the beginning of the species - indeed attempts to care for other individuals to help reduce their pain and increase their overall health are seen in a wide range of primates: Nursing is arguably something that is encoded in our very genes. However, modern nursing can realistically trace its roots only to the 19th century, which is where this paper…...

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References

Encyclopedia Britannica

 http://www.efn.org/~djz/birth/add695/birthassis.html 

 http://dialogues.rutgers.edu/pdf_files/j_laor.pdf .

A www.birthsource.com www.frontiernursing.org/history

Breast pumping techniques.

Introduction to Internet and print resources for new mothers.

Introduction to social networking and support groups for new mothers in her area.

Teaching Strategies Used and ationale

The teacher and learner will have a high degree of privacy in the hospital room during the teaching project. Therefore, lessons on breastfeeding will be comfortable and cause little embarrassment for the learner. Having privacy will help the learner feel relaxed and willing to breastfeed in front of the teacher. Also, the private setting will help the learner express her emotions.

Having determined that the learner prefers to observe and then act, the teaching strategies used for the project will include demonstrations and imitation. The learner's positive attitude directly suggests her high level of motivation to learn. Also, her cultural background and tendency to be compliant with hospital standards and procedures imply that the learner is likely to be highly motivated. Motivation is a prerequisite…...

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References

American Academy of Family Physicians (2008). Breastfeeding: How to pump and store your breast milk. Retrieved July 14, 2008 at  http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/women/pregnancy/birth/828.html 

American College of Healthcare Executives (nd). Using adult lifelong learning concepts. Retrieved July 14, 2008 at  http://www.ache.org/pgfd/lifelong.cfm 

Baby Center Medical Advisory Board (2006). Postpartum exercise: Is your body ready? BabyCenter.com. Retrieved July 14, 2008 at  http://www.babycenter.com/0_postpartum-exercise-is-your-body-ready_196.bc 

Beger, D. & Cook, S.A. (1998). Postpartum teaching priorities: the viewpoints of nurses and mothers. Journal of Obstetric and Gynecological Neonatal Nursing. Mar-Apr;27(2):161-8. Retrieved July 14, 2008 at  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9549701

Yes, there are several essay topics that can present opposing viewpoints on healthcare in Africa. Some potential essay topics could include:

1. Universal healthcare vs. privatized healthcare in Africa: Is universal healthcare the best way to ensure access to healthcare for all citizens, or would a privatized healthcare system be more efficient and effective?

2. Traditional medicine vs. Western medicine in Africa: Should African countries prioritize traditional healing methods and practices, or should they focus on integrating Western medical techniques and technologies?

3. Government funding vs. foreign aid for healthcare in Africa: Should African governments allocate more resources to healthcare programs, or should....

I. Introduction
A. Definition and brief explanation of female genital mutilation (FGM)
B. Purpose of the essay

II. Understanding Female Genital Mutilation
A. Historical background and cultural significance of FGM
B. Classification of different types of FGM
C. Prevalence of FGM across the world

III. Impact of Female Genital Mutilation
A. Physical consequences of FGM
1. Immediate health risks
2. Long-term health complications
B. Psychological and emotional effects on women and girls
1. Psychological trauma
2. Impact on sexual and reproductive health

IV. Factors Contributing to the Continuation of FGM
A. Deep-rooted cultural beliefs and norms
B. Social pressures and community expectations
C.....

I. Introduction
A. Background information on teenage pregnancy
B. Thesis statement

II. Causes of Teenage Pregnancy
A. Lack of sex education
1. Insufficient knowledge about contraception methods
2. Misinformation about pregnancy prevention
B. Peer pressure
1. Influence from friends and social groups
2. Desire for acceptance and popularity
C. Absence of parental guidance
1. Lack of communication within the family
2. Deterioration of family values and morals

III. Consequences of Teenage Pregnancy
A. Health risks for the mother and child
1. Increased likelihood of complications during pregnancy and childbirth
2. Higher rates of preterm birth and low birth weight babies
B. Education....

1. The Role of a Mother: Nurturer, Protector, and Role Model

2. The Love and Sacrifices of a Mother: A Bond that Lasts Forever

3. The Balancing Act: The Challenges and Rewards of Being a Mom

4. The Power of a Mother's Influence: Shaping the Future Generation

5. From Childbirth to Parenthood: A Journey of Transformation

6. The Everlasting Connection: Exploring the Unbreakable Bond between Mother and Child

7. The Unseen Superhero: Celebrating the Strength and Resilience of Moms

8. The Art of Multitasking: How Mothers Master the Skill

9. Embracing Motherhood: The Joys and Struggles of Raising a Child

10. Beyond Biological Ties:....