His clothes were untidy, but he had a commanding short-collar on." (Charles Dickens (1812-1870): (www.kirjasto.sci.fi/)Dora, David's first wife, expires and he marries Agnes. He seeks his vocation as a journalist and later as a novelist. (Charles Dickens (1812-1870): (www.kirjasto.sci.fi/)
GEAT EXPECTATIONS in 1860-61 started as a serialized publication in Dickens's periodical All the Year ound on December 1, 1860. The story of Pip or Philip Pirrip was among Tolstoy's and Dostoyevsky's preferred novels. Pip, an urchin, lives with his old sister and her husband. He comes across a runaway convict named Abel Magwitch and assists him against his wish. Magwitch is summoned up and Pip is taken care of Miss Havisham. He falls in love with the merciless Estella, Miss Havisham's ward. With the help of an unknown supporter, Pip is correctly educated, and he becomes a snob. Magwitch turns out to be the supporter; he dies and Pip's great…...

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References

Benson, Kenneth. Charles Dickens: The Life of the Author. New York Public Library. Retrieved at Accessed on 1 March 2005http://www.fathom.com/course/21701768/session1.html.

Charles Dickens. May 6, 2002. Retrieved at   Accessed on 1 March 2005http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/novel_19c/dickens/ .

Charles Dickens (1812-1870). 2003. Retrieved at Accessed on 1 March 2005http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/dickens.htm.

Charles Dickens. Retrieved at Accessed on 1st March 2005http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRdickens.htm.

Charles Dickens' Great Expectations is a novel about the formation of the self in relation to childhood. In this tale, we are met by Pip, first a young boy taken under the wing of a felon who places him with a delusional old maid, then a snobbish young man with expectations of being a member of the aristocracy, and finally as a humbled man who has learned the lesson of humility. Childhood is a time in which what we are and do then determines in great part who we will become. Dickens, clearly, employs a significant amount of his own past and dreams for this novel. The themes of good and evil, of right and wrong, of sadness and happiness are all played right along side of each other in a demonstration that life rarely follows a straight and narrow path, that it is important to experience a fall from…...

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Referenced

Allingham, Phillip. "An Introduction to Charles Dickens's Great Expectations: December, 1860-August, 1861, in Dickens's Weekly Journal All the Year Round. http://www.thecore.nus.edu.sg/landow/victorian/dickens/ge/pva12.html.

Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations. New York: Barnes and Noble Books, 1994.

Great Expectations: Pip's Childhood at the Forge. Online. 24 Mar. 2001.http://www.bbc.co.uk/dickens/ge/novel/ab2.htm.

Johnson, Edgar. Charles Dickens. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1952.

The wide variety of music styles and the wide varieties of people came together for a new experience that redefined a generation and created an understanding that whatever their differences, the similarities were more important. Part of this may well have been the impact of the many assassinations of that time: those at the concert were ready to see the country produce something good and positive.
CONCLUSION

According to police records, in spite of a lack of sanitary facilities, food, and clean water, and in spite of a lot of drug use, there were only two deaths at the Woodstock concert. Police reports also note two births at the concert (Woodstock Festival & Concert, PAGE), something probably seen as having cosmic significance by some at the concert. For four days, nearly half a million people built their own little nation, established their own cultural rules, and survived living in markedly difficult…...

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Bibliography

1969 Woodstock Festival & Concert." Accessed via the Internet 5/30/05.  http://www.woodstock69.com/ 

Marcus, Greil. 1994. "So what was it about Woodstock '69 that made it historic?" Interview, July 1.

Rodnitsky, Jerome L. 1999. "The Sixties between the Microgrooves: Using Folk and Protest Music to Understand American History, 1963-1973." Popular Music and Society, Vol. 23.

Strauss, Neil. 1999. "Woodstock Then and Now." New York Times, Sept. 20.

Charles Dickens, "Oliver Twist," "Nicholas Nickleby," and "A Christmas Carol." Specifically, it will discuss the use of prevalent themes throughout the three novels. There are many themes present in these three works by Charles Dickens, from good vs. evil to the plight of London's children and good triumphing in the end. However, the main theme in these three novels is industrialization and the urbanization of society, and each novel represents "modern times" in Dickens day, and the way the poor were treated in a continually industrializing society.
Each of these touching and classic Dickens' novels is the story of triumph over evil, but they all also chronicle the life of the poor in England's increasingly mechanized and industrialized society of the 1800s. In "Oliver Twist," Dickens portrays the fate of many orphans who were forced to work for their keep even at young ages. Actually, the "poor laws" forced entire…...

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References

Dickens, Charles. A Christmas Carol. London: J.M. Dent & Sons Limited, 1914.

Nicholas Nickleby. Ed. Paul Schlicke. Oxford: Oxford University, 1990.

Oliver Twist. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Glancy, Ruth. Student Companion to Charles Dickens. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.

Hard Times and Dickens as a Social Critic
As a prominent author of the 19th century, Charles Dickens would be historically contextualized by a time in which the rights of man and the notion of individuality would be rapidly emergent to the collective consciousness. For many authors, this would provide the opportunity to engage in studies of the human conditions by way of a literary tradition that was increasingly and boldly critical of the inequality which had carried over from the crumbling Victorian era. Herein, the focus on the individual development, emotionally and intellectually, of a single subject, would represent a somewhat fanciful departure from traditional narrative approaches. In his 1854, Hard Times, Dickens employs familiar devices such as his indulgence in physical detail, his dark sense of humor and his typically heavy-handed use of archetypal characters in order to help convey a sense of outrage over the inhumane social hierarchy.

There…...

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Works Cited

Allingham, P.V. (2002). Harry French's Twenty Plates for Dickens's "Hard Times for These Times " in the British Household Edition (1870s). The Victorian Web.

Chesterton, G.K. (2008). Hard Times. Appreciations and Criticisms. Online at  http://www.dickens-literature.com/Appreciations_and_Criticisms_by_G.K_Chesterton/16.html 

Dickens, C. (1870). Hard Times. Barnes & Noble Classics.

Forster, J. (1998). The Life of Charles Dickens: Book First: Childhood and Youth. Online at http://lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/CD-Forster-1.html

Bounderby, as a manipulative, dishonest, self-centered industrialist, and Gradgrind, as a sincere but misguided follower of the Industrialists' program, rule the world for their own benefit and the benefit of their philosophy. Bounderby is characterized as a villain who sucks the lifeblood from his workers to enrich only himself He is a man who ultimately even turns away from his wife and mother and anyone else of consequence in his life just to make a dollar. Gradgrind, who later has a change of heart and turns away from his insistence on facts, once his beloved daughter confronts him about the unhappiness of her childhood raised on such a program, seems to give himself to the ideology of capitalism because he thinks it is inevitable. Only in Blackpool, a character who suffers at the hands of both the owners and his fellow workers because he is too honest to do…...

His involvement with the populace manifests itself noticeably in his concern for the immigrants and settlers. In American Notes, he describes two New York Irish laborers with their long-tailed blue coats and bright buttons, and says in Chapter VI, "It would be hard to keep your model republics going without the countrymen and countrywomen of those two laborers. For who else would dig, and delve, and drudge, and do domestic work, and make canals and roads, and execute great lines of Internal Improvement?"
The way that the Americans treat the slaves, Indians and immigrants is totally abhorrent to Dickens, but it is not the only aspect of America that he criticizes in American Notes. He also highly disapproves of Americans' personality, cockiness, huge egos, failure to respect other people's privacy, horrible manners as gulping down their food, chewing and spitting tobacco, disrespect for individual integrity and being overbearing personalities.

Overall, of…...

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References

Crew, Louie. Charles Dickens as a Critic of the United States. Midwest Quarterly 16.1 (1974: 42-50.

Dickens, Charles. American Notes. 24 February, 2008.  http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/675 

Moss, Sidney. Charles Dickens' Quarrel with America. Troy, NY: Whitson, 1984.

Rupert, Everett H. The Life of Charles Dickens, and Favorite Stories. Books, Inc.: New

Transitions in Charles Dickens' "Great Expectations"
Chapter 49 in Charles Dickens' "Great Expectations" is about transitions. Pip begins to meet his "great" expectation; and literally, Miss Havisham's past is burnt away. The passage in question is about Pip having left Miss Havisham in great spirits. She has agreed to give him nine hundred pounds for his business venture with Herbert. He walks around the grounds of Miss Havisham's manor like he did when he was first invited as a play companion to Estella. Inexplicably, he has a premonition that something might be wrong. He returns to see Miss Havisham. Suddenly, he finds Ms. Havisham on fire -- probably, from the lit candles on the dining table. He smothers the flames with his topcoat, saving her. Fear, and possibly the pain of the burns, causes her to faint.

Pip keeps her covered until help arrives. The doctor tends to Miss Havisham. In the…...

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Bibliography

Dickens, C. (1983) "Great Expectations." Bantam Books. New York. Chapter 49. pp. 367-375

Dickens, C. (1983) "Great Expectations." Bantam Books. New York. Chapter 8. pp. 49-59.

horror in the Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol is the four ghosts that appear to Ebenezer Scrooge. Apart from these however, there are also subtle elements that provide the novel with its particularly horrific atmosphere. Ebenezer Scrooge for example shows a mean-spirited and cold attitude, which appears to translate itself to his house, which is also cold and dark.
The main character of the story is Scrooge, who displays an attitude of cold contempt for everything except money. He is so miserly that he does not wish to spend money either on heat or light in his house, which accounts for the cold and dark atmosphere. This is reinforced by Scrooge's cruelty to his fellow human beings, in that he will not buy coals for a fire to provide his clerk, ob Cratchit, with heat to work by. This miserly nature is again reinforced by Scrooge's refusal to contribute to…...

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Bibliography

Dickens, Charles. A Christmas Carol. London: Longman's, Green & co., 1922.

In an article titled The Superego, Narcissism and Great Expectations Ingham writes "As [Pip] forlornly gazes at his parent's headstone he is suddenly accosted by an escaped convict, Magwitch, who threatens dreadful consequences unless Pip steals a file and food. Magwitch seems to emerge from the parental grave and to embody primitive menace, dire and horrifying punishments -- the 'ghost' of the lost parents, infused with the abandoned child's own rage and hatred, his omnipotent and sadistic phantasies" (755).
The psychoanalytic theories put forth by Freud assert that the superego acts as the voice of reason over the less mature and more impulsive id and ego. Thus in applying these conceptions to the characters of Pip and Magwitch, Ingham is essentially substituting the characters' actual personas with the process of personality development. Thus, unlike earlier critics that based the majority of their arguments on societal conceptions of morality and their…...

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Works Cited

Cave, Terence. Recognitions: A Study in Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.1988. Print.

Culler, Jonathan. Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Print.

Ingham, Graham. "The Superego, Narcissism and Great Expectations." International Journal of Psychoanalysis. 88 (2007): 753-768. Print.

Justman, Stewart, "I Am What You Made Me': The Fabrication Metaphor and Its Significance," Mosaic, 30.4 (1997): 79-94. Print.

She does not hesitate to risk her position in order to help David at the time when he is confined by Mr. Murdstone. The Murdstones are representative for high-born individuals through the fact that they continuously express their lack of appreciation in regard to servants. Peggotty does not have any hidden interest as she opens herself completely to David and puts across her faithfulness to the boy whenever the situation arises. Even when she meets Mrs. Betsey, Peggotty does not abandon David and demonstrates that she is equally capable to care for his eccentric aunt. The fact that she continues to stay with David and to other individuals that she is close to when they practically represent a burden for her provides more information regarding Peggotty's character. The woman is not interested in earning any profits as a result of her help, as she is virtually selfless. Her poverty…...

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Works cited:

Dickens, Charles, "David Copperfield," Harvard University.

Cathy is, although temporarily lowered to a servant when Lockwood first meets her, was brought up from birth by her father to be a refined young girl, and Hareton is the rightful owner of the estate he inherits, not a true orphan and stable boy like Heathcliff.
The shift in the individual and personal past cannot change society in Bronte -- perhaps because Bronte's tale is a romantic tale, embracing both female and male experience, and this acknowledges the limits of gender, of both partners in a relationship. In contrast, Scrooge's initially rejection of human kindness is solely told in male-directed, economic terms -- by providing a turkey and medical care for Bob Cratchit's family, Scrooge becomes a good man. Scrooge is more powerful, financially, even if he lacks a heart socially, than Catherine or Cathy is, as both are women who are possessed of an estate only through patrilineal…...

In other words, he changes, and for Marx, the capitalist cannot change until forced to do so, specifically by the revolution he and Engels call for in the Communist Manifesto. Marx sees the economic development of history as a matter of class struggle, following the dialectic of Hegel as opposing forces fight and through that revolution produce a synthesis, or a new social order. Dickens sees change as possible more simply by showing people the error of their ways and so getting them to change to a different way of behaving. Marx sees the need for a revolution to force any change into existence.
Again, the England described by Dickens was the England that helped produce Karl Marx and that contributed to his social theory. Both Marx and Dickens see the social ills of the time and ascribe these to the greed and single-minded pursuit of money on the part…...

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Works Cited

Dickens, Charles. A Christmas Carol. Provided.

Marx, Karl. "The Duchess of Sutherland and Slavery." 1953. Provided.

Tucker, Richard C. The Marx-Engels Reader. New York: W.W. Norton, 1978.

Hard Times
In sharp contrast to the bleak and gray industrial setting of Coketown, the circus in Charles Dickens' novel Hard Times is full of life, color, and character. In Hard Times, the circus therefore symbolizes the opposite of everything Coketown and the Industrial Revolution represent. For instance, the circus workers are fanciful and free; the factory workers, on the other hand, are drones who drudge through each day. Similarly, the performers demonstrate a cooperative, communal, and compassionate attitude, whereas the industrialists denote rampant individualism, greed, and self-centeredness. The circus represents a diversion from the mundane, a realm of pure imagination, whereas the factories of Coketown are nothing but mundane and are entirely lacking in imagination. To specific characters in Hard Times, Sleary's circus symbolizes several different and often conflicting ideas. For Tom and Louisa, and eventually for Gradgrind, Sleary's circus is a bastion of hope and a means of salvation…...

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Works Cited

Dickens, Charles. Hard Times. Online version at .

Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
Sociology is the study of how humans interact with each another, whether alone or in groups. But since the study of human interactions is a diverse subject, many sociologist, professional and non-professional, have observed and made conclusions based on their observations and thought. Two of these are Ferdinand Tonnies and Charles Dickens, and while Tonnies is regarded as one of the fathers of the science of sociology, Charles Dickens' writings have as much of a sociological theme as anything written by Tonnies. One of Tonnies' theories is what is called "Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft," and is commonly translated into English as "culture and society." This type of bipartisan split in society is also described by Charles Dickens in his "Hard Times," where his story centers on the lives of both wealthy and poor in a fictional Victorian industrialized city. In fact, "Hard Times," at its core, describes a society…...

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References

Dickens, Charles. (1854). "Excerpts from Hard Times: For These Times." Retrieved from www.filesonic.com/file/2821003165/Charles_Dickens.rar

Forster, John. (1870). The Life of Charles Dickens: Vol. 2. London: Chapman and Hall.

Print.

Nilsson, Jerker, and George Hendrikse. (2009). "Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft in Cooperatives." Erasmus Research Institute of Management. Retrieved from  http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/17528/ERS-2009-059-ORG.pdf

1. The symbolism of the caged bird in Maya Angelou's autobiographical work, "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings."
2. The theme of captivity and freedom in Harper Lee's novel, "To Kill a Mockingbird."
3. Analyzing the oppression and confinement of women in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's short story, "The Yellow Wallpaper."
4. The symbolism of the birdcage in Henrik Ibsen's play, "A Doll's House," in relation to gender roles and societal expectations.
5. Comparing the experiences of the caged birds in Richard Wright's novel, "Native Son," and Margaret Atwood's dystopian novel, "The Handmaid's Tale."
6. Exploring the theme of captivity and liberation in Jean Rhys's....

In Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol," the author beautifully renders a vivid and heartwarming description of the protagonist's transformative journey, showcasing the power of compassion and redemption during the holiday season. To create a strong thesis statement on this topic, you could focus on analyzing how Dickens uses the character of Ebenezer Scrooge to demonstrate the themes of redemption and the power of Christmas spirit. You could explore how Scrooge's transformation from a cold-hearted miser to a benevolent and generous individual serves as a powerful message about the importance of empathy and kindness in one's life. By examining the various stages....

Thesis Statement:

Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol eloquently portrays the transformative power of redemption and compassion through Ebenezer Scrooge's profound journey of self-realization, illustrating that the true spirit of Christmas lies in embracing kindness, generosity, and the interconnectedness of humanity.

Introduction:

A Christmas Carol, a timeless classic by Charles Dickens, delves into the profound transformation of Ebenezer Scrooge, a miserly and isolated individual, during the haunting night of Christmas Eve. Through the visitations of three spirits, Scrooge embarks on a journey of self-discovery, witnessing the consequences of his actions and gaining a newfound understanding of the true meaning of Christmas. This essay delves....

The transformation of Ebenezer Scrooge in Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol" exemplifies the power of redemption and the importance of kindness and generosity in the face of personal greed and social injustice. Your thesis statement is focused and clear in identifying the central themes of redemption, kindness, generosity, and personal growth in "A Christmas Carol." It effectively sets the stage for discussing how Scrooge's transformation highlights these themes throughout the novel. One potential suggestion for improvement could be to add more specific examples or analysis that will support your thesis statement and help readers understand the significance of Scrooge's transformation in....