Charles Darwin is one of the founding fathers of psychology. Charles obert Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England on February 12th, 1809 and died on April 19th 1882 ("Wikipedia"). Darwin's was the grandson of Erasmus Darwin who was an intellectual figure in the history of science. His father was a well respected, successful physician. Charles Darwin comes from a line of intellectual men and was expected to do great things. Darwin attended Shrewsbury school, then continued his studies at Edinburgh University where he studied medicine and then later studied theology at Cambridge University. Charles Darwin did not excel in school, the way his family expected him to, however at Cambridge University he became an advocate for natural history ("Encyclopedia of Psychology"). Darwin has made much significant contribution in the field of Psychology. In this paper I will provide information about Darwin's life and his contributions to the field of psychology.
Darwin…...

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References

Bjorklund, D.F. & Pellegrini, A.D. "American Psychological Association." Evolutionary developmental psychology. APA, 2002. Web. 19 Feb 2011.

"Charles Darwin." Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia, 2011. Web. 19 Feb 2011. .

"Darwin, Charles Robert (1809-1882)." Encyclopedia of Psychology 04.06 (2001): n. pag. Web. 19 Feb 2011. .

Martin, X, Swaminathan, A, & Mitchell, W. Organizational evolution in the interorganizational environment. Administrative Science. 43.

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The article also discusses the scientist John Tyndall, who with others in the British Advancement for the Society of Scientists, strongly supported Darwin. If it is admitted that matter has power attributed to it, where did it get that power? There can only be one answer, or the existence of a Devine Being. Similarly, if it is assumed that matter has developed into form and life, it regulates its procedure through by following certain determined laws. Where did these laws come from, if not from the Devine Being? In fact, doesn't the theory of natural selection actually give God greater credence and power, since he purposely arranged the atoms to develop one life form into another? The theory of evolution is just about how one form of life evolves into another over time. It does not address how life came about in the first place or what led to its…...

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References

Butt, Riazat. 1, February 2009. Half of Britons do not believe in evolution, survey finds. U.K. Guardian.Science section. 7, March, 2009.  http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2009/feb/01/evolution-darwin-survey-creationism 

English Church Quarterly, July 1882 "Charles Darwin and Evolution" and "The Province of Skepticism and the Limits of Free Thought."

New York Times September 5, 1874. Front Page. Origin of Man: Nature of the Discussion Creation or Evolution. Questions Suggested-Distinction.

Bowler, Charles Darwin
Peter Bowler's study Charles Darwin: The Man and His Influence intends to give an accurate portrait of the ideas of the nineteenth-century naturalist within their historical context, while also correcting certain misconceptions and myths. To a certain extent, Bowler is writing a recognizable type of work -- a history of science that emphasizes twentieth century notions about the history of science, namely that new ideas do not emerge from nowhere and are immediately accepted neither by the scientific community nor by the general public. If Bowler's title sounds like this is a straightforward biography of Darwin, it is worth noting that his real purpose is to place Darwin in a greater context, whereby his ideas seem less radical -- and more related to pre-existing schools of thought -- than they have frequently been portrayed. The only radicalism, perhaps, is the way in which Darwin's theory ultimately undercuts complacent…...

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Works Cited

Bowler, Peter. Charles Darwin: The Man and His Influence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Print.

I was working well as an application tester, but my wish was to be advanced and work as a business analyst. As such, some of my activity was dedicated to proving to my boss that I would be performing better and more efficiently as a business analyst rather than as a software tester. This did not mean that I would be able to perform less well on my current job, but rather that I had to be involved in activities that supported my claim for the new job as well. Eventually, such an approach provided the correct premises for me to assume the new position.
At the same time, besides showing your own qualities, one also needs to show why those qualities are better than those of other colleagues. The show of qualities always needs to be presented relative to the others rather than just in an absolute manner. I…...

Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, Charles Darwin, Origin of Species
There are many themes which readers can discern in Mary Shelley's inestimable work of literature, Frankenstein. They include the virtues of humanity vs. The vices of monstrosity, the power and effect of family and "community" (Bentley 325), as well as the considerable ramifications of ambition and work. However, the prudent reader will perceive that the principle motif unifying all of these themes, and that which is the most poignant and which sets the foundation for this manuscript is that of intimacy. It is intimacy that Victor himself had and spurned in favor of his labor, intimacy that the his creation forever was distanced from and therefore inevitably craved, and a prevalent intimacy htat fostered between Victor and alton, which was also evident in the relationship between the former and his sister Margaret. There is little doubt that the dearth of intimacy that plagued…...

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Works Cited

Bentley, Colene. "Family, humanity, polity: theorizing the basis and boundaries of political community in Frankenstein." Criticism. 47 (3): 325-351. 2005. Web.  http://muse.jhu.edu.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/journals/criticism/v047/47.3bentley.html 

Levy, Michelle. "Discovery and the Domestic Affections in Coleridge and Shelley." SEL Studies in English Literature 1500-1900. 44 (4): 693-713. 2004. Web.  http://muse.jhu.edu.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/journals/studies_in_english_literature/v044/44.4levy.html 

Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York: Penguin Classics. 1985. Print.

This understanding could be tested and verified, as well as communicated to others. In addition to biology, other disciplines adopted this process, including philosophy, and now are consumed by its principles; and one of its overriding principles is the idea of constant criticism. Dewey stated that criticism's value lay in the fact that "it continuously provides the instruments for the criticism of those values - whether of beliefs, institutions, actions, or products - that are found in all aspects of experience." (Dewey, Experience and Nature, ix) Criticism provides the tools for an individual to remain honest about what they know and understand, and not to fall into the trap of systemic dogma, or improvable beliefs.
Ultimately Charles Darwin broke humanity free of its self-imposed restrictions of thought and opened it up to the endless possibilities of a random universe. Darwin's idea that changes in species could be caused by chance…...

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Works Cited

Dewey, John. The Influence of Darwinism on Philosophy and Other Essays in Contemporary Thought. New York: H. Holt, 1910. www http://www.googlebooks.com/

Dewey, John. Experience and Nature. Chicago, Il: Open Court, 1929.

www http://www.googlebooks.com/

Cloning
Charles Darwin believed that all organisms, including human beings, evolved from a single life form (Darwin 1982) and that each organism's traits varied and passed on from parent to offspring in an accidental, environmental and non-determined way called natural selection. He believed that such traits depended more on environmental than sexual factors and that these traits passed on if they were better suited for survival and successful reproduction. Through this process, he viewed that original or "maladaptive" traits progressively disappeared as descendants replaced those unfit to survive, thus the selective advantage of traits that could suit environment change. Darwin's theory of evolution was and has been the most widely accepted explanation among many.

ut German Fuhrer Adolph Hitler believed that nature should not be allowed to proceed aimlessly (1996) but that a particular human stock, called the Aryan race, should be protected from infiltration by inferior strains (Mein Kampf 1933). He…...

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Bibliography

Darwin, Charles. The Origin of Species. Paperback. Viking Press, 1982

Dixon, Patrick. The Genetic Revolution. Global Change, 1995.  http://www.globalchange.com/books/Genes3.htm 

Hitler, Adolph. Mein Kampf, 1933. Houghton Mifflin, New York: Hutchinson Publications, Ltd., 1969

Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy. Genetic Encores: the Ethics of Human Cloning. Maryland School of Public Affairs, 1999. http://www.puaf.umd.edu/IPPP/Fall97Report/cloning.htm

" It is just as true today. There are still many things that cannot be explained by science.
The appearance of design is as powerful today as it was over two thousand years ago. That is especially true of the living world. The more that geneticists and biologists study, the more it is seen that the living world exists with amazing complexity and sophistication.

The cell is a perfect example. In Darwin's time, scientists thought cells were quite simple -- only blobs of protoplasm. In fact, it has only been a few decades since biologists have recognized just how complex these small entities are. Bruce Alberts of the National Academy of Sciences, has said: "We have always underestimated cells. Undoubtedly we still do today. But at least we are no longer as naive as we were when I was a graduate student in the 1960s.... The entire cell can be viewed as…...

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References

Dembski, William. The Design Inference. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge

University Press, 1998.

Edis, Taner. "Intelligent Design Meets Artificial Intelligence." Skeptical Inquirer. 25.2 (March/April 2001). 56.

Mayr, Ernst. What Evolution Is. New York: Basic Books, 2001.

The Galapagos rats were able to survive by floating on large pieces of vegetation or debris to reach the islands. In fact, the rats "hold the world record for ocean crossings by land mammals," (Galapagos Conservation Trust 2008).
About 1600 species of insects inhabit the Galapagos including large ones like locusts, butterflies and moths. The Galapagos also has unique species of land snails. Hundreds of fish species live in the warm waters surrounding the Galapagos. The plant diversity on the Galapagos has changed dramatically since the introduction of fruit-bearing trees especially in highland areas. However, indigenous species of orchid and cacti still grace the Galapagos landscape.

The Galapagos Islands have a varied terrain and ecosystem. Elevation levels and locations of the islands determine the local flora and fauna. Some parts of the Galapagos are dry and rocky, whereas others are more heavily forested. The Galapagos does not look like a typical…...

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References

Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands (2006). "Challenges to Galapagos." Retrieved Dec 20, 2008 at  http://www.darwinfoundation.org/en/galapagos/challenges 

Galapagos Conservation Trust (2008). Land animals of the Galapagos Islands. Retrieved Dec 20, 2008 at http://www.gct.org/landfact.html

Galapagos Island Species." (2008). Retrieved Dec 20, 2008 at http://www.galapagosdiscover.com/info/galapagosflorafauna.htm

Charles Peirce maintained that unconditional love gives rise to courage that helps in the generation of new ideas. This love known as agapism generates in a person a desire to break free of old habits and take risks which reflects the unfolding of God's mighty plan of evolution.
Charles Peirce developed an interesting theory of love and evolution that combined biology with philosophy to give us a scientific version of his philosophical musings. In these theories he combined Darwin's theory of evolution with ethical teachings and his own philosophies to explain how mind worked and the significance of love in our lives. He believed that concepts of evolution and philosophy were intricately connected and were part of the same process. This idea was expressed in his "The Law of the Mind" and is largely based on such concepts as Synechism, Tychism, and Agapism. These terms literally mean continuity, chance, and love…...

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References

Charles Sanders Peirce, Collected Papers, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Charles Sanders Peirce (author) Philip P. Wiener (editor). Values in a Universe of Chance: Selected Writings of Charles S. Peirce. Doubleday. Garden City, NY. 1958

Darwin's Finches And Natural Selection
Polymorphism pertains to the existence of two distinctly different groups of a species that still belong to the same species. Alleles for these organisms over time are governed by the theory of natural selection, and over this time the genetic differences between groups in different environments soon become apparent, as in the case of industrial melanism." (Biology Online, 2000) Darwin's finches are an excellent examples of such polymorphism, "of the way in which species' gene pools have adapted in order for long-term survival via their offspring." (Biology Online, 2000)

The finches Darwin studied were a species of small Galapagos finches and were only found on the Galapagos Islands. They were geographically isolated and without competition from similar species but these finches developed distinctive anatomy. Darwin noted how finches in some areas had completely different shaped beaks than other finches. Even though all were of the same…...

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Works Cited

Darwin, Charles. The Galapagos Islands. London, England; New York, NY: Penguin Books, 1995.

Darwin's Finches and Natural Selection. (2000) Biology Online.  http://www.biology-online.org/pfriendly.htm?tutorial=15

The first and most serious is that any type of modification will produce a certain type of outcome. While it is true in the most general sense that helpful modifications are more likely to be retained, it is imperative to keep in mind that significant mutations to an organism are typically fatal, and that most genetic mutations that yield living organisms either cannot produce viable offspring or have an insignificant or slightly negative effect. Hence, pure quantity of variance within a species is meaningless, and the big decisions fall to fate: is species X capable of adapting to cataclysmic event Y? While the ability to adapt to diverse conditions is helpful, no significant change will occur in a species without significant pressure.

The reason is that only mild, phenotypic variation can take place in a large, breeding population. Significant alterations, as previously noted, are typically fatal or incidental. Even if they…...

Evolution: Darwin
The purpose of this work is to explore the "Theory of Evolution" as set forth by Darwin and to further explore what is termed as "natural selection" as well as that of "artificial selection." This paper will further examine Darwin's Theory as to the workings of evolution as well as exploring exactly how natural selection works to produce evolution.

Finally, the role of individual genetic variations in relation to evolution and natural selection will be researched. The evolving of traits in species will also be examined as well as the applicable use of those theories.

Having first traveled throughout the world, on a ship, exploring both land and water, in the role of a "Naturalist," and having observed the wonders of the Andes and witnessed the result of Chilean earthquakes, crossed hundreds of miles, trekking through unknown regions, Charles Darwin, returned to England.

Darwin continued to study and after having read…...

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Bibliography:

Bennett, Albert F. et al. (nd) "Relevance of Evolutionary Biology to the National Research Agenda " Executive Summary [Online] available at:  http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~ecolevol/fulldoc.html 

Ballyntyne, Paul, Ph.D (nd) "Evolution and Psychology In Darwin, Romanes, Morgan, James, Dewey, and the Chicago Functionalists" [Online] available at: http://www.coment.ca/~pballan/section4(210).htm

Williams James and Functionalism (nd) available [Online] at:  http://www.psych.utah.edu/gordon/Classes/Psy4905Docs/PsychHistory/Cards/James.html 

Bennett, Albert F. et al. (nd) "Relevance of Evolutionary Biology to the National Research Agenda "

One of the most difficult challenges in applying evolutionary theory to the study of human behavior is determining the time frame in which to study human behavior as a form of adaptation. Evolution is a process that takes place over hundreds of thousands of years, and as such, evolutionary adaptations are often lagging far behind cultural and environmental changes. For example, the political climate of the United States might change every four years after an election, but babies born during a democratic presidency will not have adapted in an evolutionary sense such that their future offspring will be "more democratic" than republican. This time lag in evolution can create confusion when searching for evolutionary and adaptive explanations for human behavior and this problem arises mostly from the fact that our behavior we show today is likely a form of adaptation to an environment that existed hundreds or even thousands of…...

Darwin
Had the Enlightenment adequately prepared 19th century readers for Darwin's Origin of the Species? The Enlightenment view of the science of life was neatly summed up by Diderot in his Encyclopedia, in many ways a signature product of the Enlightenment's dedication to setting forth the foundations of human knowledge. As Diderot notes in his prefaratory comments, what we call biology falls under the heading of "Natural History":

The divisions of natural history derive from the existing diversity of the facts of nature, and the diversity of the facts of nature from the diversity of the states of nature. Either nature is uniform and follows a regular course, such as one notes generally in celestial bodies, animals, vegetables, etc.; or it seems forced and displaced from its ordinary course, as in monsters; or it is restrained and put to different uses, as in the arts. Nature does everything, either in its ordinary…...

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Works Cited

Campbell, John Angus. Why Was Darwin Believed? Darwin's Origin and the Problem of Intellectual Revolution. Configurations 11.2 (2003) 203-237.

Cosans, Chris. Was Darwin a creationist? Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 48.3 (2005) 362-371.

Darwin, Charles. The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. Sixth Edition. Project Gutenberg. Accessed 25 March 2012 at:  http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2009/2009-h/2009-h.htm 

Diderot, Denis. "Detailed Explanation of the System of Human Knowledge." The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Richard N. Accessed 25 March 2012 at:  http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0001.084

I. Introduction
- Hook: Start with an attention-grabbing statement or anecdote related to biology.
- Background information: Provide a brief overview of biology as a scientific discipline.
- Thesis statement: State the main argument or focus of your essay.

II. Body Paragraph 1: Branches of Biology
- Explanation of different branches of biology (e.g., zoology, botany, microbiology, genetics).
- Descriptions of key concepts and research areas within each branch.
- Examples of how each branch contributes to our understanding of living organisms.

III. Body Paragraph 2: Importance of Biology
- Discuss the relevance and significance of biology in everyday life.
- Highlight the impact of biological research on human health,....

No, scientific revolutions are not necessarily irrational. In fact, they are often the result of carefully conducted experiments, observations, and logic. Scientific revolutions involve the overthrow of old theories or paradigms in favor of new ones that better explain the natural world. This process is based on evidence and reasoning, making it a rational and systematic way of advancing scientific knowledge. While scientific revolutions can be disruptive and challenging to existing beliefs, they are ultimately grounded in the pursuit of truth through rigorous inquiry and experimentation.
One example of a scientific revolution that was not irrational is the discovery of heliocentrism....