Cathay Pacific Airlines
Vision

The Cathay Pacific airline business can also potentially include in its primary objectives the subsequent 3 elements:

To create and manage a new regional air travel company striving particularly at connecting parts of Asia and Europe, via European and Asian hubs and global locations (Keller, 2002).

To supply service and absorb unmet needs in three main traffic groups: unserved and under-offered routes which popular presently is available or could be developed serving main niche marketplaces where demand is either unsatisfied or poorly sustained and meeting peak traffic needs on certain major regional, periodic, and variable routes where high load aspects may be anticipated in spite of available, but lower-quality rivalry (Keller, 2002).

To execute a business and online marketing strategy which will, from the very first year of execution of new flight procedures, achieve average passenger load aspects within the 65-85% range, based on route and season, as well as growing…...

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References

Adams, T., Jan, M. And Spivey M.S. (2007). The project meeting facilitator: facilitation skills to make the most of project meetings. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Beckford, J. (1998). Quality: an introduction, Routledge, London.

Cathay Pacific information, retrieved on 10-27-12, from  http://www.cathaypacific.com .

Cathay Pacific. (2012). Cathay Pacific Airways Limited Stock Code: 00293 -- Interim Report, 2012. SWIRE

Academic/Industry ReferenceYeung, J. H. Y., Cheung, W., Fung, M. K. Y., Zhao, X., & Zhang, M. (2010). The air cargo and express industry in Hong Kong: economic contribution and competitiveness.International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics,2(3), 321-345.The above article is one of the academic references used in the project. In this article, the researcher examine the economic contribution and competitiveness of the air freight and express industry in Hong Kong. The study was conducted with the support of key industry players and other stakeholders including UPS, FedEx, TNT, and DHL. To achieve the purpose of the study, the researchers carried out a review of existing data and studies relating to logistics in Hong Kong and China. They also conducted a research into Hong Kongs air freight and express industry. The review of existing studies served as the foundation for secondary data analysis. However, the researchers carried out face-to-face interviews and…...

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Reference

Yeung, J. H. Y., Cheung, W., Fung, M. K. Y., Zhao, X., & Zhang, M. (2010). The air cargo and express industry in Hong Kong: economic contribution and competitiveness. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 2(3), 321-345.

ResearchProposal:whatthefuturewilllooklikeforCathayPacificafterthepandemicandChinatakingcontrolofHongKongandHongKongsroleasahubinaviation.IntroductionThewakeoftheCOVID-19pandemichasnegativelyimpactedglobaleconomies,withaviationbeingamongtheaffectedindustries.Asof2020,CathayPacificAirwaysofHongKonghadrecordedatotallossofHK$21.6B(about2.8billionUSdollars)amidstthepandemic.AccordingtoCathayschairman,2020wasthemostchallengingyearintheirhistory.Tothisdate,theairlineisstillinsurvivalmodefollowingthelossesrecordedin2020.Torecoverfromtheselosses,thegroupismakingvaccinationforitsstaffandcost-savingitstoppriorities.Withthepandemicstillrampagingthroughtheeconomy,therecoverypaceforCathayPacificAirwaysremainsindeterminate.Thecompany,however,isoptimisticaboutrecordingpositiveimprovementsinthesecondhalfofthisyear,2021(Tsuietal.,2021).AsofMay2021,CathayPacificplannedoncutting5900jobsandcloseitsregionalCathayDragonbrand.Thisisaneffortmeanttocutcosts,justlikeitspeersaredoing,astheairlinecontinuestosufferfromtheeconomicdownturnbroughtaboutbythecoronaviruspandemic.Theairlinewillalsochangecontractswithitspilotsandcabincrewasanadditionalwayofreformation.ThisisexpectedtocostaboutHK$2.2billion.Generally,CathayPacificistoslash8500positions,including2600rolescurrentlyunfilledduetothecompanysinitiativestocutcosts.AccordingtoCathay,chiefexecutiveofficer,restructuringisfundamentalforthegroupssurvivalasthepandemiccontinuestodevastateaviation(Lo&Kwan,2019).Accordingtoareportdoneearlierthisyear,theinitiativescouldcosttheairlineaboutaquarterofitsconsignmentcapacity.CathayDragonwasinchargeofoperatingthemajorityofthecompanysflightstoandfromChina.However,beforethepandemichit,DragonairhadbeenhitbyreduceddemandduetoprotestsagainstthegovernmentinHongKongthatdiscouragedmainlandtravelers.Therehadbeenplanstoclosethebrandearlierin2021.However,theseplansfacedobstructionsfromChinasaviationregulatorintheprotestsheldin2020.Thequestion,therefore,becomeswhatCathayPacificAirwayswilllooklikeafterthepandemic.ThisresearchseekstoanswerthisquestionandalsolookatwhattheairlinewilllooklikeafterchinatakingcontrolofHongKonginadditiontotheimpactsofthepandemic.Thestudyalsoempiricallyinvestigatesthecitysroleasahubinaviationinthepacificregion(Tsuietal.,2021).LiteratureReviewTobegintheresearch,aliteraturereviewwasdonetohelpunderstandtheliteratureontheresearchtopic.ThisliteraturereviewwilllookatwhatCathayPacificwilllooklikeafterCOVID-19andChinatakingcontrolofHongKongandHongKongsroleasahubinaviation.Forthisliteraturereview,atotalof7paperswereanalyzed,withthemajorityoriginatingfromHongKongandChina.Malkanietal.(2020)writethatthepassengerrevenuesdeclineddrasticallyin2020duetolowdemand.Inaddition,theairlinesoperatingcapacitystayedbelow10percentformostof2020.Despitethisstruggle,theairlineoccasionallypocketedaslightlyhigherpercentageofdemand,especiallyduringthesummerperiod,withstudentstravelingfromHongKongandChinasmainlandtotheUnitedKingdomandotherareasinEurope.Nevertheless,thesummerperiod,whichusuallyisthepeakperiodofoperationsofeveryyear,remainedextremelydifficultin2020.Man,Xu&Ahmed(2021)agreewithMalkanietal.(2020).Accordingtothem,passengerrevenuerecordedan83percentdecreasein2020comparedto2019,whilerevenuepassengerkilometertrafficrecordedan85.1percentdecrease.Asaresult,theloadfactorreducedby24.3percent,reachingalowof18.2percentinOctober2020.Czernetetal.(2021)agreewithMalkanietal.(2020)andMan,Xu,andAhmed(2021)thatthepandemichasnegativelyaffectedCathayPacificAirwaysandledtothecompanyrecordingbillionsoflosses.Hewritesthatothersubsidiariesandassociatesalsoreportedmassivelosses.Forinstance,HKexpressrecordedaHK$1723millionlossin2020.Thepandemicledtotravelcontractions.ThegovernmentsaroundAsiawereforcedtoimposetravelrestrictionsresultingintheairlinessuspensionfrom23rdMarchto1stAugust.Generally,theairlinessubsidiariesrecordedaworseperformancethanin2019duetodecreasedcargotrafficandpassengercapacity.Asmuchastheairlinescargobusinesswasalsoaffected,itrecordedabetterperformancethan2019.Czernyetal.(2021)writethatthecargobusinesshasbyfarbeenabetterperformerdespitethenegativeimpactofthesignificantreductionincapacitythatistypicallyprovidedbylargenumbersofpassengerseveryyearbeforethepandemic.ThisperformancewasattributedtoamoviemadebytheairlinetocontractservicesfromAirHongKong,anall-cargosubsidiaryoftheairline,tocarryselectedcargointhepassengercompartmentsofsomeaircraft.SomeseatswerealsomovedintheeconomyclasscompartmentsoffourBoeing777-300ERstoavailmorespaceforcargo.Inabidtolowerthecashexpenditure,theairlinehadtoreducecapacity,freezehiring,defercapitalexpenditure,andsuspendcoststhatarenotcriticalfortheoperations(Man,Xu&Ahmed,2021).Executivepaywasalsocut,andemployeeswereaskedtotakepartinvoluntaryuniqueleavesystems.Thefuelcostalsorecordeda72.8percentdeclinecomparedto2019.Thesteepreductioninfuelpriceledtohedginglosses(Malkanietal.,2020).RegardingHongKongsroleinaviation,severalwritersagreethatitplaysanimportantroleasthemajorairtransporthubinthePacificregion.Malkanietal.(2020),Czernyetal.(2021),andMan,Xu&Ahmed(2021)allagreethatHongKonghaskeptitsedgeasatransporthubinAsiaforDHLandotherfirmsdespitecompetitioninGreaterBayArea.ThecityhasalwaysbeenthepreferredoptionforcompaniessuchasDHLExpresssinceitoperatesthehighestnumberofscheduledflightstoglobaldestinations.Moreover,thehigherfrequenciesfflightsandfasterclearanceofcustomshavealwayshelpedthecitytoretainitsroleastheregionsaviationhub.HongKonghasalsodonegreatinthepastasatourismindustry,whichgoeshandinhandwiththeaviationindustry.Moreover,theairlineservesasoneofthemajorcontributorstoHongKongsGDP,therebyimpactingthecityseconomicgrowth.However,allthisislikelytochangeaftertheaviationindustrytakesamajoreconomichitduetothepandemic.HongKongsfutureregardingitsroleintheaviationindustryremainsunclear,withChinatakingcontrolofthecityandtheimpactofthepandemicontheairline(Czernyetal.,2021).severalwritersagreethatthehubisfacinggravedangeroflosingitspositionintheinternationaloutlook.TheProposedMethodology,Methods,andSourcesThemethodologythatwillbeusedforthisresearchprojectisquantitative.Additionalinformationwillalsobeobtainedassecondarydata.Theselectedmethod,quantitative,hascharacteristicsthatwillconcentrateonquantifiabledatacollection.Statisticalmethodswillbeappliedtoallowforthegenerationofandrepresentationofthedatacollectedinnumerical…...

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ReferencesCzerny, A. I., Fu, X., Lei, Z., & Oum, T. H. (2021). Post pandemic aviation market recovery: Experience and lessons from China. Journal of Air Transport Management, 90, 101971.Dube, K., Nhamo, G., & Chikodzi, D. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and prospects for recovery of the global aviation industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 92, 102022.Kreil, A. S. (2021). Visual protest discourses on aviation and climate change. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, 2(1), 100015.Lo, K. Y., & Kwan, C. L. (2019). The effect of environmental, social, governance, and sustainability initiatives on stock value–Examining market response to initiatives undertaken by listed companies. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 24(6), 606-619.Malkani, M., Hulpke, J., Lau, C., & Ho, T. (2020). CATHAY PACIFIC AIRWAYS–WHAT NEXT? International Journal of Case Method Research & Application.Man, J. L. I., Xu, M., & Ahmed, S. (2021). Drivers and Effects of Merger and Acquisitions in the Airline Industry: A Case Study of Hong Kong (No. TRBAM-21-01187).Tsui, W. H. K., Fu, X., Yin, C., & Zhang, H. (2021). Hong Kong’s aviation and tourism growth-An empirical investigation. Journal of Air Transport Management, 93, 102036.

unning head: FINAL AVIATION POJECT EPOT36FINAL AVIATION POJECT EPOTExecutive SummaryThe onset of the COVID-19 pandemic brought devastating calamity for the global economy, affecting every scope of the economy. Among the industries primarily affected by the pandemic is the aviation industry. With many countries across the world imposing travel bans to contain the spread of the virus, the Asian-Pacific region was no exception. Among the most affected airlines in the region was Cathay Pacific, which is a significant component of Hong Kongs aviation hub and the general economic growth of the region. This research paper has five segments: the introduction, literature review, methodology, analysis, and conclusion. The introduction part of this research paper provides the background information to the research study, providing a short history of Cathay Pacific and an overview of the pandemics impact on its economy. The next segment is the literature review. Seven pieces of literature related to…...

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ReferencesCathay Pacific Airways Limited. (2020). Announcement: 2020 Annual ResultsChapman, J., & Georgoulias, A. (2010). Sustainable Financing for the Hong Kong International Airport.Kan. T. W. H. (2012). Investigating Hong Kong’s Role as the Main Air Transport Hub in the Asia-Pacific Region. Massey University, New Zealand.Malkani, M., Hulpke, J., Lau, C., & Ho, T. (2005). CATHAY PACIFIC AIRWAYS–WHAT NEXT?. International Journal of Case Method Research & Application.MELAS, D., & MELASOVÁ, K. (2020). THE EARLY IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE AVIATION INDUSTRY.Park, C. Y., Villafuerte, J., & Abiad, A. (2020). An updated assessment of the economic impact of COVID-19 (No. 133). Asian Development Bank.Tisdall, L., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, A. (2021). COVID-19 Impacts on General Aviation–Comparative Experiences, Governmental Responses, and Policy Imperatives. Transport Policy.Tsui, K. W. H., Yuen, A. C. L., & Fung, M. K. Y. (2018). Maintaining competitiveness of aviation hub: Empirical evidence of visitors to China via Hong Kong by air transport. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(11), 1260-1284.Yeung, J. H. Y., Cheung, W., Fung, M. K. Y., Zhao, X., & Zhang, M. (2010). The air cargo and express industry in Hong Kong: economic contribution and competitiveness. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 2(3), 321-345.Zhang, A. (2003). Analysis of an international air-cargo hub: the case of Hong Kong. Journal of Air Transport Management, 9(2), 123-138.

air traffic has continued to increase and it now constitutes a considerable proportion of the travelling public. The amount of long-hour flights has increased significantly. Based on the International Civil Aviation authority, air traffic can be anticipated to double amid till 2020. Airline travel, especially over longer distances, makes air travelers vulnerable to numerous facets that will impact their health and well-being. Particularly, the speed with which influenza spreads and mutates, via transportation routes, is the reason why the influenza pandemic is considered to be a huge threat to the human population. Pandemic is a term, which is used for a virus or microbe when it spreads over a large area, in severe cases even the whole world and large number of people start getting affecting by it (CDC, 2009).
In the past 300 years, there have been ten significant influenza pandemics outbreaks that have taken place in this world. The…...

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References

Airports Council International (2009) Airport preparedness guidelines for outbreaks of communicable disease. Available at: (Accessed: 28 November 2011)http://www.airports.org/aci/aci/file/ACI_Priorities/Health/Airport%20preparedness%20guidelines.pdf

Bouma, G.D. (2002) The research process. 4th edn. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

Brigantic, R., Delp, W., Gadgil A., Kulesz, J., Lee, R., Malone, J.D. (2009) U.S. airport entry screening in response to pandemic influenza: Modeling and analysis. Available at:   (Accessed: 28 November 2011)http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B7578-4W2M6SG1&_user=10843&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000000150&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10843&md5=44685b11dd53d74a8ef85a4f03e185f2 

Bush, George W. (2003a). Homeland security presidential directive -- 5: Management of domestic incidents. Available at:   (Accessed: 28 November 2011)http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/02/20030228-9.html 

Because passengers in those classes also receive larger seats, there is also some opportunity cost associated with those seats. There are simply fewer paying fares per square meter in those classes as a result of the larger seats. So to some extent, the price discrimination reflects both service and opportunity cost. However, the additional cost of serving these passengers is not as great as the differential in the ticket prices.
In addition, there is price discrimination in terms of when the ticket is purchased. Economy class and business class tickets cost more when purchased closer to the flight date. This reflects that buyers purchasing at the last minute are less likely to be price sensitive than buyers purchasing well in advance. Advance purchasers tend to be vacationers, who have a higher price elasticity of demand. Last minute purchasers tend to have low price elasticity of demand, as they need the…...

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Works Cited:

McAfee, R. (2008). Price discrimination. Issues of Competition Law and Policy. Retrieved November 16, 2010 from  http://www.mcafee.cc/Papers/PDF/ABAPriceDiscrimination.pdf

Low Cost Airline in Thailand
The Study on Improvement of Low Cost Airline in Thailand

Geography of Thailand

Nature of Airlines

Variables under Study

The Profitability of Low Cost Airlines in Thailand

Thai Economy

Operating esults, Selected Airlines, Financial Year 1999

The Economies of Scale Attained By Airline Industry

Human esource Practices

The future of low cost Thailand Airlines

Contrasting Qualities of State Owned and Non-State Owned Airlines

The Study on Improvement of Low Cost Airline in Thailand

Thailand is a global source for customers seeking cheap labor or material inputs. The country is rich in natural resources -- tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, and timber being a few examples. The country is a major source for agricultural products1a.

Thailand also has an abundant supply of low-skilled labor with high participation rates in the workforce 86% for males and 67% for females in 1995. At the same time, the country is the most developed in Southeast Asia, making for a relatively reliable work…...

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References

Aharoni, Y. & Nachum, L. (Eds.). (2000). Globalization of Services: Some Implications for Theory and Practice. London: Routledge. Retrieved June 11, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=102764448 

Alagappa, M. (Ed.). (1998). Material and Ideational Influences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University. Retrieved June 11, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=35541491 

Asia Top Companies by Sales. (2000, June). Business Asia, 8, 38. Retrieved June 11, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001764374 

Beirman, D. (2003). Restoring Tourism Destinations in Crisis: A Strategic Marketing Approach / . Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin. Retrieved June 11, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=102031189

By the turn of the century, though, these low-costs carriers had become profitable or at least had significantly reduced their losses due in large part to concomitant increases by major carriers that were increasing their prices in response to decreasing yields and higher energy prices (Doganis 2001).
By and large, passenger traffic across the board increased significantly prior to September 11, 2001 and all signs indicated it was continue to increase for the foreseeable future. For example, according to Janda, Flouris and Oum (2005), global air passenger traffic increased from 1.573 trillion revenue-passenger-kilometers (RPK) in 1985 to 3.394 trillion in 2000, representing a 116% increase during this decade-and-a-half period, or an average annual compounded growth of 5.26%. Furthermore, between 1985 and 2000, air freight traffic grew at even faster rate than passenger traffic (Janda et al. 2005). These authors also emphasize airlines are directly affected by the larger economy in…...

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Network." 2010, October 7 Canada NewsWire Group. [online]. available:

Shopping Tourism in Hong Kong
Item Page Number

Tourism in Hong Kong

Shopping Tourism in Hong Kong

Urban Tourism

Destination Marketing

Shopping Tourism

Questionnaire Design

Shopping Tourism in Hong Kong

Shopping tourism is a major aspect of the global tourism trade and as such is an area of tourism that is and should be promoted by destination countries and locations. This is true for Hong Kong as well as in other locations throughout the world. Ashworth (1989) writes that urban regeneration and tourism have become critically important activities beginning in the 1980's. Ashworth specifically notes two elements that link the ideas of the city and tourism and which show the complex relationship that exists between the features of a city and the functions of tourism that serve to result in shopping tourism in the city. The first element is comprised by the specific characteristics of a city and how this serves to impact tourism activities. The second element is…...

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Bibliography

Cheung, Sidney (nd) Cultural Tourism and Hong Kong Identity. Department of Anthropology. The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from: http://cuhk.orientalecom7.com/en/publish/workingpaper4.pdf

Discover Hong Kong by Rail (2012) Hong Kong Tourism Board. Retrieved from:  http://www.discoverhongkong.com/eng/things-to-do/discover-hongkong-rail.html 

Experience Unique Hong Kong (2012) Hong Kong Tourism Board. Retrieved from:  http://www.discoverhongkong.com/eng/things-to-do/cultural-tours.html 

Hong Kong Culture (2012) Tourism Asia Network. Retrieved from:  http://hong-kong.tourism-asia.net/index.html

airlines operating in and out of the UK. It has 12 sources in Harvard Style.
Company Overview

British Airways (BA) has come a long way by expansion of their services and fleet. Currently the airline is operating from Harmondsworth in the United Kingdom. British Airways is the biggest airline providing airline facilities all over Europe. The airline has strength of more than 365 planes. British Airways offers its clients access to more than 270 destinations all over the globe. These destinations span in more than 97 countries. The major activity zone for the airline is London, more specifically the Heathrow and Gatwick airports [Hoover's, 2003].

Business Environment Evolution

The roots of British Airways can be traced back to around the time of the orld ar I. The formal introduction of the airline took place with the decision of the United Kingdom government to combine two British airlines operating at that time, named as…...

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Works Cited

Author not available, August 1, 2002, 'British Airways announces changes to winter services' Airline Industry Information at  http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0CWU/2002_August_1/89972354/print.jhtml 

Fedrick, LM 2002, British Airways Company Information, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville:

 http://www.siue.edu/Business/depart/econfin/courses/gba489/CompanyPapers/British%20Airways.doc 

Grugulis, I. And Wilkinson, A. 2001, British Airways: Culture and Structure, Research Series, Paper 2001: 4, No. 10. At  http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/bs/research/2001-4.doc

" (Qantas Airways Limited and Controlled Entities - Preliminary Final Report, 2008)
In July, 2008 Qantas reported that it intends to "eliminate 1,500 jobs world-wide and it shed plans to increase flying capacity as it continues to battle high jet-fuel costs." (the Wall Street Journal, 2008) in addition, the plans to hire 1,200 people have been canceled. Qantas will also be retiring 22 aircraft from its fleet and call centers in Arizona and London will be closed as well. (Thurlow and McFarland, 2008)

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

Quantas Airways, Ltd. is the number one domestic airline industry in Australia and is a leader in the Asia-Pacific region. In fact, Quantas is among the ten largest airlines in the world and connects Australia in approximately 81 destinations and forty countries throughout the world. The company operates several regional airlines in the country of Australia and carries in excess of thirty million passengers each year. When…...

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Bibliography

Thurlow, R. And McFarland, L. (2008) Corporate News Qantas Plans to Cut Jobs, Scraps Capacity Increase. Wall Street Journal. 18 Jul 2008.

Qantas Airways Limited and Controlled Entities (2008) Preliminary Final Report. 20 June 2008. Online available at:

Qantas Airways Ltd. (2008) Financial Times. Online available at  http://markets.ft.com/tearsheets/businessProfile.asp?s=QAN%3AASX

The incident occurred when Aer Lingus said it would suspend pilots who refused to willingly help train and recruit pilots for the airline's base at Aldergrove (Tilson 2007). The management set the deadline at 1:00 PM that day. Any pilot who would refuse would be suspended. The previous week, the airline company suspended seven pilots who refused to comply. It also warned that there would be more suspensions for the refusal. The pilots adopted a non-compliance and non-cooperation policy with the elfast base on account of its terms and conditions they deemed unfair (Tilson).

reakthrough

Hope could have motivated Aer Lingus chief executive Dermot Mannion to invite the members of IALPA to a dialogue. It was aimed at settling or reducing the troubles hounding the new elfast base (RTE 2007). ut IALPA president Evan Cullen said that the invitation was too late to make as some of the executive members were away.…...

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Bibliography

Airline Industry Information. Aer Lingus Pilots Endorse Settlement Plan. M2

Communications, Ltd.: Gale Group, 2002

Aer Lingus Could Break Even by 2003., 2002

Aer Lingus Staff Suspend Strike Threat as New Pay Talks

Why does GE finance poorly-rated airlines with its aircraft financing? GE benefits in three ways: (1) its lower cost of capital than the airlines means that it can charge a risk premium, and make more money on the airline debt, (2) it sells aircraft engines and, more critically, spare parts, which are the biggest long-term source of revenue for the company, and (3) the loans are well-collateralized. Even in a bankruptcy procedure, the airlines have relatively little recourse to the assets, and GE would be free to sell or lease the airlines to others. Other leasing companies, while they don't have GE's aircraft engine business, are able to lure tax-advantaged investors (offshore, those receiving tax credits, others) who also give them a lower cost of capital; their expertise in leasing and selling planes, as well as their leverage in pricing negotiations with the major airframe manufacturers gives them an…...

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Bibliography

Business Week. "Why GE Is Keeping Loser Airlines Aloft." Business Week 7 February 2005: n.p.

Francisco, Federal Reserve Bank of San. Competition and Regulation in the Airline Industry. Economic Report. San Francisco: Federal Reserve, 2002.

Gittell, JH, Cameron, K, Lim, S and Rivas, V. "Relationships, Layoffs and Organizational REsiliance." The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science (2006): 300-329.

Mackinac. Price Elasticity of Demand. Economic. Mackinac: Mackinac Center for Public Policy, 1997.

However, during that time, the car sales industry was experiencing a recession and Virgin Cars was caught up in the midst of this recession. Therefore, even though through franchise agreements with manufacturers they could stock many cars without paying for them, car sales slumped considerably thus the company was not able to turn a profit.
Among the actions that could have been taken by Virgin Cars to make it successful was taking time to design the business plan and site their stores in order to make sure they gain the most competitive advantage. Secondly, by researching the car sales industry and profile the market before starting the business. By so doing, they would have been able to set more realistic expectations for car sales and device strategies to improve sales despite the recession.

Conclusion

Diversification as a strategy for business growth usually gives rise to successful companies. The strategy of diversification must…...

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References

Ansoff, I. (1957). Strategies for Diversification. Harvard Business Review, 35(5), 113-124.

Balmforth, J. (2009). Virgin Atlantic. London: Midland Publishing Limited.

Branson, R. (2006). Virgin Atlantic Airways. [Article]. Aviation Week & Space Technology, 165(13), 20-20.

Dominic, O.C. (2006). End of the road for Virgin Cars as Branson gets out, Sunday Times, the.

Ad Description:
The color ad chosen from People Magazine advertises Thai Airways Southeast Asia Silk Express, the "fastest service from New York to Bangkok." The headline reads, "Less time flying, More time exploring Asia." What catches the attention is the very strange, actually laughable, juxtaposition between the photograph of the ancient spires of what appears to be the Grand Palace on the left frame and an attractive Caucasian woman with her palms pressed together in Asian form and a gold headdress on the right. Whether or not the marketing department wanted this to appear straight or humorous, it draws the viewer. There is very little white space, with the photographs and copy covering most of the page. The signature THAI: Smooth as silk, runs at the end of the page.

TARGET AUDIENCE:

The 30-year-old People magazine claims 9.8 readers for every issue printed. Circulation is over 3,600,000, and readership is 66% female and…...