Cardinal Health and Industry Competition
The pharmaceutical and generic drug industries are highly competitive and, simultaneously, tremendously risk oriented. Both of these characteristics are significantly present in the current outlook for Cardinal Health. The producer of generic drugs is a Fortune 500 company which, according to Leger (2012), pulls in roughly $103 billion in revenue on an annual basis. However, the company is also the target of fierce competition from fellow pharmaceutical giants such as the McKesson Corporation and Amerisource Bergen and is the target of troubling legal charges that threaten to impact both its reputation and its profitability. As the discussion here will demonstrate, the above-noted competitors have seized a relative competitive advantage over Cardinal Health. The discussion assesses the nature of the challenges thereby imposed upon Cardinal Health.

First and foremost among the challenges facing Cardinal Health is its own internal and legal crisis. At present, the company is facing…...

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Works Cited:

Alexander, S. (2010). Why Cardinal Health Is the Best of the Bunch. Seeking Alpha.

Leger, D.L. (2012). DEA Aims Big in Cardinal Health Painkiller Case. USA Today.

Zirnbibl, M. & Jordan, G. (2012). Cardinal Health (CAH). Wikinvest.com.

All of these factors taken together assisted the company in attaining tis objectives of implementing an advanced by and analytics platform.
Do you have any experience with your company succeeding in embracing advanced BI techniques?

While working for a company that specialized in distribution sales and service, a large-scale analytics and BI platform was implemented. The goals of the new system were to better manage pricing, price optimization, inventory levels, credit levels by resellers, and analyze reseller and large account customer data to better predict product requirements. It was also being used for forecast analysis of the emerging channel assembly business, which is where the distributor was offering to build systems to order for larger customers. The amount of data for all these strategies had been in over 40 different systems, and often pricing levels were wrong in the legacy ERP system. The result of these shortcoming was the company earned…...

Cardinal Health
The first project is for Micron Technology. The net present value analysis will be used to evaluate this project. The net present value (NPV) technique involves discounting future cash flows to present dollars, to take into account the firm's opportunity cost of capital. As a basic rule, projects that have a positive net present value will add value to the company above and beyond existing operations. All such projects with a positive NPV should be accepted, while projects with a negative NPV should be rejected.

There are a few different approaches to calculating the net present value, but they are all fundamentally the same, based on the principle of discounted cash flow analysis. The first flow is the initial cash outlay. Because this particular cash flow is made today, it is not discounted. This is because payments made today are already in present value format. Future cash flows, however, must…...

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Works Cited:

Investopedia. (2012). Net present value. Investopedia. Retrieved December 15, 2012 from  http://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/npv.asp#axzz2F8IJvZ1U 

Reynolds, I., Kubo, N., Fuse, T., & Shiraki, M. (2012). Elpida in talks to merge with Micron, Nanya: Report. Retrieved August, 2012 from  http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/24/us-elpida-idUSTRE80M2IZ20120124 

Yahoo! Finance. (2012). Competitors. Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved December 15, 2012 from  http://finance.yahoo.com/q/co?s=CAH+Competitors

The paradox for Cardinal Health was the need to reign in the intellectual curiosity that BI and analytics applications can generate while staying focused just on the most critical aspects of automating and adding insight into their core businesses. The goals Cardinal Health defined prior to the implementation were to consolidate 20 different enterprise systems, improve user interfaces of their enterprise systems and resolve 2K issues. The three success factors of the implementation centered on the use of a common data model, limiting the variety of end user tools to keep the overall scope of analysis within the boundaries of strategic goals, and most important, the development and continual investment in a robust support environment. ll these of factors combined to drive up the level of adoption and utilization of the BI and analytics systems.
What also accelerated adoption was the level of trust across the entire social fabric of…...

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Analysis of the Cardinal Health Case

The implementation of any ERP system can take months to years of effort within an enterprise and often will only deliver a portion of the total information expected. With millions spent many enterprises fail to gain the insights and intelligence they need to make full use of all the features in an ERP systems as well. Add in the complexity of BI, analytics and reporting tools, and the potential for confusion and the proliferation of reports, some of interest yet marginally valuable to a business, can easily happen. The paradox for Cardinal Health was the need to reign in the intellectual curiosity that BI and analytics applications can generate while staying focused just on the most critical aspects of automating and adding insight into their core businesses. The goals Cardinal Health defined prior to the implementation were to consolidate 20 different enterprise systems, improve user interfaces of their enterprise systems and resolve 2K issues. The three success factors of the implementation centered on the use of a common data model, limiting the variety of end user tools to keep the overall scope of analysis within the boundaries of strategic goals, and most important, the development and continual investment in a robust support environment. All these of factors combined to drive up the level of adoption and utilization of the BI and analytics systems.

What also accelerated adoption was the level of trust across the entire social fabric of the company; many of those using the systems had been working together for decades. One of the greatest inhibitors of new enterprise system development and implementation is the lack of trust that often exists across departments and divisions of a business (Aladwani, 2001). This is especially the case where data is financial and production-centric in nature, concentrating on the areas of profitability as well, as bonuses and compensation are often tied to these metrics (Francoise, Bourgault, Pellerin, 2009). For Cardinal Health, the tightness of their social networks internally, the social fabric of the company was so strong that people trusted and relied on each other well before the ERP R/3 instance was implemented. The BI tools and analytics applications were seen as valuable and useful as the system architects had taken the time

Cardinal Health, its mission and its current situation. An environmental analysis is presented to analyze the current environment in which the company operates. A SWOT analysis summarizes the company's internal strengths, weaknesses, potential opportunities, and potential threats. The issue in the case study is overviewed, and supporting facts and significant factors are presented that support the problem. Three potential alternative solutions are given, with an evaluation of each solution's strengths and weaknesses. Lastly, a potential solution will be presented, as well as how Cardinal Health can monitor the solution for its effectiveness.
Cardinal Health

Cardinal Health is a primarily American health care services organization. Headquartered in Dublin, Ohio. The company provides services and products to hospitals, pharmacies, physician offices, and ambulatory surgery center. Cardinal distributes a wide range of products including over-the-counter products, pharmaceutical, radiopharmaceutical, surgical, medical, and laboratory products. With approximately 31,200 employees, the company reported revenues of $98,502.8 million…...

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References

Company profile: Cardinal Health, Inc. (2010). Retrieved December 16, 2010, from  http://360.datamonitor.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/Product?pid=61924892-3CF6-4FDE-8BD6-8724F97D0200 .

Fei-Yuan, H. & Weng-Foung, H. (2010). "Price regulation, new entry, and information shock on pharmaceutical market in Taiwan." BMC Health Services Research, 10. p. 218-225.

Golec, J., Hegde, S., & Vernon, J. (Feb 2010). "Pharmaceutical R&D spending and threats of price regulation." Journal of Financial & Quantitative Analysis, 45(1). p. 239-264.

Pearce, J., & Robinson, R. (2004). Strategic Management: Formulation, Implementation, and Control (12th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Advertising Case Study
Cardinal health advertising

This is a firm that is based in Dublin, Ohio. The main preoccupation of the firm is focused on distribution of pharmaceuticals as well as medical products with coverage of more than 60,000 locations. Cardinal health also manufactures medical and surgical products ranging from surgical apparels, gloves, fluid management products among others (Cardinal health Facebook Profile, 2012).

Advertising

The target of the advertisements by cardinal health would be retailers and distributors of the pharmaceuticals and the medical products that they manufacture. They will also target the medical institutions like the hospitals as well as medical training institutions. The other target group is the medical or biological laboratories that make frequent use of the products that they produce.

The best media to use in passing this kind of advertisement that will reach such am diverse target audience is the use of internet as well as through mobile phone contact. The…...

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References

Cardinal health Facebook Profile, (2012). Cardinal Health. Retrieved November 29, 2012 from  http://www.facebook.com/pages/Cardinal-Health/109556449069756?fref=ts 

Erick Clemons, (2009). Why Advertising Is Failing On The Internet. Retrieved November 29, 2012 from  http://techcrunch.com/2009/03/22/why-advertising-is-failing-on-the-internet/

Health Care
The developed worlds are becoming older. America's population is approaching retirement age due in large part to the baby boomer generation. Those individuals born between 1946 and 1964 will be eligible for more social security and retirement benefits as time passes. As such, pharmaceutical companies, health services, and the medical industry at large will benefit from this influx of older individuals. As competition for new patents, facilities, drugs and more becomes more intense, companies will undoubtedly go bankrupt. Those companies that can continually innovate and provide products that are demanded will eventually prosper as our population ages. Cardinal Health, McKesson Corporation and Amerisource Bergen are at the forefront of this innovation. They continually push the existing boundaries of science to provide better products for society. How they accomplish this task however is very distinct to each company. By delving into the annual reports of each company an individual gains…...

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References

1) "Businessweek." MCKESSON CORP (MCK:New York): Financial Ratios -. Web. 05 Apr. 2012. .

2) "Cardinal Health Plans $90 Million in China Acquisitions - ChinaBio® Today." Cardinal Health Plans $90 Million in China Acquisitions. Web. 05 Apr. 2012. .

Culture's Impact On Healthcare
Culture: Midwestern, (White Female)

The following are the top 5 characteristics of my culture:

Conservative political values. May cause a closed mine and limit the imagination. Political lines are dogmatic and prevent free thinking.

Family orientated. This bias may cause the individual to be too loyal on one's family. It is very difficult to see our families for who they truly are.

Open minded: Too much open-mindedness may lead to foolish mistakes and jumping on any bandwagon that may come along.

Love of the outdoors and social activities. Too much of this behavior, may lead to not refining the indoor skills that are important in life.

Trusting to new experiences. Too many new experiences may lead to becoming ungrounded.

Part

Question 1

The Midwestern culture is very conservative and many within the culture base their decisions on popular notions and ideas. Health care to Midwestern culture is seen as a valued resource and the only barriers…...

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References

Arterberry, K. (nd). Cultural Competence. Provided by customer.

Hearnden, M. (2008). Coping with differences in culture and communication in health care. Nursing Standard, 23, 11, 49-57.

This internal reflection may reveal a problematic absence of ethical orientation, a core lack of accountability, a flawed set of procedures or a misapprehension of the company's best competitive advantages. Naturally, the scale and scope of the company will determine how much media attention a given crisis receives. For instance, a company such as retail-giant Walmart has faced constant speculation over its unethical labor practices and, as a result, has worked to improve the internal culture within which store employees are frequently mistreated.
In contexts where broad organizational growth, as opposed to crisis, has prompted the need for a reexamination of internal culture, time is usually needed to observe patterns requiring change. In other words, in the face of rapid company growth, consistency and procedure are often lost in the shuffle. A period of leveling out from growth is required, within which the company's culture may be refined and redefined.…...

This is discussed at length by Fusick and ordeau (2004) "...school-based counselors need to be aware of the disturbing inequities that exist in predominantly Afro-American urban school districts, where nearly 40% of Afro-American students attend school in the United States" (Fusick and ordeau, 2004) This again places emphasis on the need for mental health programs in these areas of concern. This is also related to findings from a study by McDavis et al. (1995) Counseling African-Americans, which refers to research that stresses the "...widening achievement gap between Afro-American and Euro-American students." (McDavis, et al. 1995)
An important study Laura a. Nabors, Evaluation of Outcomes for Adolescents Receiving School-ased Mental Health Services (2002) refers to the particular issue and problems experience at inner-city schools. The author states that, "School mental health (SMH) programs are an important setting for providing mental health services to adolescents, especially urban youth who typically face in-…...

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Bibliography.aspx www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001042308

Smith, P.B., Buzi, R.S., & Weinman, M.L. (2001). Mental Health Problems and Symptoms among Male Adolescents Attending a Teen Health Clinic. Adolescence, 36(142), 323. Retrieved December 9, 2008, from Questia database:   www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001243622http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001042308 

Stern, S.B., Smith, C.A., & Jang, S.J. (1999). Urban Families and Adolescent Mental Health. Social Work Research, 23(1), 15. Retrieved December 9, 2008, from Questia database:   www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77001228http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001243622 

Sternberg, R.J., & Dennis, M.J. (1997). Elaborating Cognitive Psychology through Linkages to Psychology as a Helping Profession. Teaching of Psychology, 24(3), 246-249. Retrieved December 9, 2008, from Questia database:   www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000581383http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77001228 

Stock, M.R., Morse, E.V., Simon, P.M., Zeanah, P.D., Pratt, J.M., & Sterne, S. (1997). Barriers to School-Based Health Care Programs. Health and Social Work, 22(4), 274+. Retrieved December 9, 2008, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000581383

The FDA also, amongst others, has recommended that clinical trials used to support advertising claims be approved by the FDA and to institute stiff fines against those found gaily of deceptive tactics. (Turning Medicine Into Snake Oil...) There is little doubt from the research that pharmaceutical companies have to be made more accountable for their products and advertising promises.
eferences

Borden Anne. Vioxx Stroke isk could last for Years. 2007. etrieved June 1, 2007 at http://www.lawyersandsettlements.com/articles/00888/vioxx-stroke-risk.html

Deceptive Prescription Drug Marketing Tactics 'Common and Dangerous'. 2006.

etrieved June 1,2007, at http://www.uspirg.org/newsroom/health-care/health-care-news/deceptive-prescription-drug-marketing-tactics-common-and-dangerous

Introduction to the Health Care Industry: Health Expenditures and Services in the U.S. etrieved June 1, 2007, at http://www.plunkettresearch.com/HealthCare/HealthCareTrends/tabid/294/Default.aspx

O'Connor K. x for prescription drugs. etrieved June 1, 2007, at http://www.oconnorhealthanalyst.com/pgs/rx.html

Oxycontin Manufacturer Agrees to Plead Guilty and Pay Fine of $600,000,000.

etrieved June 1, 2007, at http://tyler.injuryboard.com/defective-products/oxycontin-manufacturer-agrees-to-plead-guilty-and-pay-fine-of-600000000.php?googleid=8636

Prescription Meds Changing Health Care. etrieved June 1, 2007, from Spending http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=60788

Silberner J. Common Diabetes Drug Found to Have Heart…...

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References

Borden Anne. Vioxx Stroke Risk could last for Years. 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2007 at  http://www.lawyersandsettlements.com/articles/00888/vioxx-stroke-risk.html 

Deceptive Prescription Drug Marketing Tactics 'Common and Dangerous'. 2006.

Retrieved June 1,2007, at  http://www.uspirg.org/newsroom/health-care/health-care-news/deceptive-prescription-drug-marketing-tactics-common-and-dangerous 

Introduction to the Health Care Industry: Health Expenditures and Services in the U.S. Retrieved June 1, 2007, at http://www.plunkettresearch.com/HealthCare/HealthCareTrends/tabid/294/Default.aspx

Boldly Go Case StudySection 1 Introduction to the Organization Providence Healthcare is a leader in rehabilitation, palliative care, long-term care, and community programs, providing inpatient and outpatient care to more than 5,000 individuals annually. The organization includes six rehabilitation units, one palliative care unit, outpatient clinics, the Cardinal Ambrozic Houses of Providence with 288 residents needing long-term care, and an Adult Day Program. Providence Healthcare was established by the Sisters of St. Joseph in 1857 and has a strong value of compassionate care and responsive innovation. The organization has 1,100 employees and physicians, 350 volunteers, and an annual income of $88.5 million as of 2013/14. Key leaders include CEO Josie Walsh, who is recognized for her courage, collaboration, accountability, and integrity, and Chief Communications Officer Beth Johnson, who manages the communications and engagement strategy. Other key leaders include Lean Corporate Lead Thelma Horwitz, now Director of Quality and Process…...

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ReferencesClack, L. (2021). Employee engagement: Keys to organizational success. The Palgrave handbook of workplace well-being, 1001-1028.Debono, B., Corniola, M. V., Pietton, R., Sabatier, P., Hamel, O., & Tessitore, E. (2019). Benefits of enhanced recovery after surgery for fusion in degenerative spine surgery: impact on outcome, length of stay, and patient satisfaction. Neurosurgical focus, 46(4), E6.Dicuonzo, G., Donofrio, F., Fusco, A., & Shini, M. (2023). Healthcare system: Moving forward with artificial intelligence. Technovation, 120, 102510.Oikonomou, E., Page, B., Lawton, R., Murray, J., Higham, H., & Vincent, C. (2020). Validation of the Partners at Care Transitions Measure (PACT-M): assessing the quality and safety of care transitions for older people in the UK. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 1-13.Weil, M., & Reddin, C. P. (2017). Boldly Go: Character Drives Leadership at Providence Healthcare. In Leadership in Practice (pp. 188-202). Routledge.

McKesson Corporation (Mckesson) is an American pharmaceutical distributor with operations mainly in the U.S. The firm has been in operation since 1833, and boasts extensive market share, robust financial strength, and strong market power. The firm has built strong relationships with its key stakeholders, which adds to its strengths. Nonetheless, limited diversification and market focus as well as the threats of competition, unfavourable regulatory changes, and counterfeits present significant concerns for the company. To enhance its competitive advantage in the rigorously competitive pharmaceutical landscape, it is imperative for the firm to take advantage of consolidation, strategic partnerships, increased healthcare expenditure, and emerging markets.
Introduction

McKesson Corporation (Mckesson) is an American health care company involved in the distribution of pharmaceutical productions as well as provision of health information technologies and care management tools majorly in the U.S. With a history that stretches back to close to two centuries, the organisation has grown to…...

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References

Amabile, T., & Kramer, S. (2011, October 10). Valuing your most valuable assets. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from:  https://hbr.org/2011/10/valuing-your-most-valuable 

Benn, S., Abratt, R., & O'Leary, B. (2016). Defining and identifying stakeholders: views from management and stakeholders. South African Journal of Business Management, 47(2), 1-11.

Buente, M., Danner, S., Weissbacker, S., & Ramme, C. (2013). Pharma emerging markets 2.0: how emerging markets are driving the transformation of the pharmaceutical industry. Retrieved from:   2.0.pdfhttp://www.strategyand.pwc.com/media/file/Strategyand_Pharma-Emerging-Markets -

Chae, B., Olson, D., & Sheu, C. (2014). The impact of supply chain analytics on operational performance: a resource-based view. International Journal of Production Research, 52(16), 4695-4710.

" (Allen 2008) This means that nursing educators are also a key stakeholder.
Other stakeholders include healthcare facility administrators, corporate trustees and public office holders, who will often have entangled or competing interests relating to the profitability of operations and the political expediency of policy orientation. This will also be true of the various professional advocacy groups, nursing associations and lobby groups that will vie for influence in the discussion on any legislation relating to the nursing shortage.

Policy Objective:

A primary policy objective is to endorse any legislation that would aggressively enforce better recruitment of nursing students, better training of existing nurses, improvements in working conditions for nurses and mandated nurse-to-patient ratios. These objectives are underscored by evidence of the opportunities to save lives facilitated by mandated ratios. According to the text by Health Services Research (HSR) (2010), "key findings of the study reportedly include that 10-13% 'fewer surgical patients in New…...

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Works Cited:

Allan, L. (2008). The nursing shortage continues as faculty shortage grows. Nursing Economics, 26(1), 35-40.

Berkowitz, B. (2012). The Policy Process. .

Cullen, E.; Ranji, U. & Salganicoff, A. (2010). Addressing the Nursing Shortage. Kaiseredu.org.

GovTrack. (2010). S. 1031: National Nursing Shortage Reform and Patient Advocacy Act. govTrack.us.

Nursing Assessment
Taking the history of a patient is a crucial aspect of patient assessment and treatment. A good history can mean the difference between a successful patient outcome and unsatisfactory outcomes. However, taking a complete and useful history is a skill that is developed by means of training and practice; it is not some talent that is innate (Bickley & Szilagyi, 2007; McKenna et al., 2011). According to Craig (2007) nurses are increasingly being asked to take patient histories. Given these growing responsibilities nurses need training and guidelines to taking an adequate patient history. The following is a summary and critique of Craig, L. H, (2007), A "Guide to Taking a Patient's History" in Nursing Standard, volume 22, issue 13, pages 42-48.

Craig (2007) takes a comprehensive approach to explaining the interview and history taking process. This approach is applicable for most any patient population; however, Craig does not address certain…...

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References

Alarcon, R.D. (2009). Culture, cultural factors and psychiatric diagnosis: Review and projections. World Psychiatry, 8, 131 -- 139.

Bickley, L.S. & Szilagyi, P.G. (2007). Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History

Taking. 9th ed. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Craig, L.H. (2007). A guide to taking a patient's history. Nursing Standard, 22 (13), 42-48.