The Role of Family Presence in Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationAnnotated BibliographyDe Stefano, C., Normand, D., Jabre, P., Azoulay, E., Kentish-Barnes, N., Lapostolle, F., Baubet, T., Reuter, P.-G., Javaud, N., Borron, S. W., Vicaut, E., & Adnet, F. (2016). Family Presence during Resuscitation: A Qualitative Analysis from a National Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial. PLoS ONE, 11(6), 112.The purpose of this qualitative study was to analyze a series of interviews to characterize experiences of family members offered the choice to observe CPR on a loved one, within a multicenter randomized trial. Researchers interviewed 30 relatives at home 3 months after the cardiac arrest to understand their perspective. Analysis identified four main themes: 1) opting for active involvement; 2) communication with providers; 3) perceiving reality of death; 4) reactions based on witnessing or not. Twelve sub-themes provided further details. Findings highlighted communication's pivotal role in facilitating acceptance. Witnessing helped support the patients passage and gain…...

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References

De Stefano, C., Normand, D., Jabre, P., Azoulay, E., Kentish-Barnes, N., Lapostolle, F., Baubet, T., Reuter, P.-G., Javaud, N., Borron, S. W., Vicaut, E., & Adnet, F. (2016). Family Presence during Resuscitation: A Qualitative Analysis from a National Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial. PLoS ONE, 11(6), 1–12.

Mureau-Haines, R. M., Boes-Rossi, M., & Casperson, S. C. (2017). Family Support During Resuscitation: A Quality Improvement Initiative. Critical Care Nurse, 37(6), 14–23.

Powers, K., Duncan, J. M. & Twibell, R. K. (2023). Family support person role during resuscitation: A qualitative exploration. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 32, 409-421.

Of the new consults 23 were transferred to ICU and 43 remained on the wards. The transfer of these patients was greatly facilitated and the inpatient ward staff was greatly satisfied with the interaction with the Outreach Team. edside education, expert resources and better patient-family communication were the most valued features of the team when the in-patient ward staff was surveyed. We noted a tremendous increase in the accessibility of the ICU to the hospital population. We did not, however, notice a decrease in the number of cardiac arrests in the hospital." (Simone, et al., 2007)
It was reported in the work entitled: "Pilot Project at TGH Shows that Critical Care Response Teams Can Significantly Reduce Cardiac and Respiratory Arrests and Hospital Deaths" in 2007 that data gathered between May 2005 and May 2006 "on the impact of the critical care response teams on 342 patients in Toronto General Hospital,…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Smith GB, Poplett N. (2004) Impact of attending a 1-day multi-professional course (ALERT) on the knowledge of acute care in trainee doctors. Resuscitation 2004; 61: 117-122.

Smith, Gary B. And Nolan, Jerry (2002) Medical Emergency Teams and Cardiac Arrests in Hospital: Results May Have Been Due to Education of Ward Staff. BMJ 2002 May 18; 324(7347): 1215.

White RJ, Garrioch MA.(2002) Time to train all doctors to look after seriously ill patients -- CCRiSP and IMPACT. Scot Med J. 2002; 47: 127.

Simone, Carmine, et al. (2007) the Introduction of a Critical Care Rapid Response Team in a Canadian Community Hospital. Critical Care: ICU Organization. 22 Oct. 2007. Online available at: http://meeting.chestpubs.org/cgi/reprint/132/4/445.pdf

Heart Disease
elationship between cardiac arrest and coronary cardiac disease

The heart is an essential organ in the human body, it keeps the individual alive. Understanding how the heart operates and functions is essential to help protect your heart from heart disease. Cardiac arrest and coronary heart disease are significant heart related illness that has a high mortality rate. It is important for individuals with pre-existing heart disease to understand the symptoms of cardiac arrest and coronary heart disease, since these are both leading causes of fatality in the United States. Understanding how the heart works, the individuals risk for heart disease, and how to prevent or delay heart disease is essential. In this paper I will address the relationship between cardiac arrest and coronary heart disease. I will also explain how the heart functions and discuss some ways of preventing cardiac arrest and coronary heart disease.

Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest is a condition…...

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References

Antonini-Canterin et. al. (2009). Association between carotid and coronary artery disease in patients with aortic valve stenosis: an angiographic study. Angiology 60 (5) 596-600

CDC. (2010). Heart disease. Retrieved from  http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/ 

Dewey et. al. (2004). Coronary artery disease: new insights and their implications for radiology. European Radiology. 14 (6) 1048-1054

Escolar et. al. (2006). New imaging techniques for diagnosing coronary artery disease. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 174 (4) 487-495

ole of ALS in EMS
ALS (Advanced Life Support) represents a complex collection of rules and procedures extending beyond elementary life support, for further aiding ailing or injured individuals in clearing their windpipe, breathing and ensuring air circulates throughout their body, thus supporting blood circulation under emergency circumstances (Advanced Life Support (Definition and Explanation), 2016). The following individuals commonly need ALS transport (Lifeline: Basic and Advanced Life Support, 2016):

A surgical or medical patient with ongoing intravenous medicine but not requiring any egistered Nurse, in keeping with state regulation.

Individuals with Cardiac Monitor attached

Urgent care center patients

Patients suffering from a possible compromise of the airway

Obstetrical Patients

Patients regarded as having a possible complication in the course of transport, as indicated by a report forwarded by the sending healthcare facility.

Whiteman, C., Shaver, E., Doerr, ., Davis, S., Blum, F., Davidov, D., & Lander, O. (2014). Trauma patient access: the role of the emergency medical services…...

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References

Advanced Life Support (Definition And Explanation). (2016, February 19). Retrieved from Nurse Frontier:  http://www.nursefrontier.com/advanced-life-support/ 

Al-Shaqsi, S. (2010). Models of International Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Systems. Oman Medical Journal, 320-323.

Anest, T., Ramirez, S., Balhara, K., Hodkinson, P., Wallis, L., & Hansoti, B. (2016). Defining and improving the role of emergency medical services in Cape Town, South Africa. Emergency Medical Journal.

Gordon, E., & Ornato, J. (2000). Emergency cardiac care: introduction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

, 2008).
Known Flaws & Potential Dangers:

One issue which became apparent with this device in particular was the possibility for the lights which indicate the length and frequency of ventilation were prone to malfunctions. This issue has been addressed by the manufacturer and has been reasonably rectified to a standard of being able to be used confidently in emergency situations (Thayne et al., 2005). The potential danger of such a malfunction is apparent in a high risk situation. Though emergency personnel are trained in the correct technique of CP method, in such high stress situations it is not uncommon for the adrenaline of the situation to result in over ventilation leading to a significant decrease not only in blood pressure but also in the efficacy of CP itself.

The device since the manufacturing adjustment has been implemented in a number of real world emergency services. It has functioned since without fail and…...

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References

1. Cooper, J. & Cooper, J. (2008). New stragtegies for cardio pulmonary resuscitation. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10, 49 -- 58.

2. Rea, T., Eisenberg, S., Sinibaldi G, & White, D. (2004) Incidence of EMS-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States. Resuscitation, 63, 17 -- 24.

3. Thayne RC, Thomas DC, Neville JD, Van Dellen A. (2005). Use of an impedance threshold device improves short-term outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation,67, 103-108

4. Wiggington, J. (2005). The inspiratory impedance threshold device for treatment of patients in cardiac arrest. Business Briefing: Long-Term Healthcare, 1-5.

Implantable Cardiac Devices
Heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death in the United States but there are a number of different implantable cardiac devices (ICDs) available today, including pacemakers, defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization devices, that can help people with heart disease or failure go on to lead normal lives by regulating their heart beats through a series of electric shocks. To determine the facts about these devices, this paper provides a review of the literature to explain the respective indications for these devices as well as their differences. Finally, a summary of the research and important findings concerning these implantable cardiac devices are provided in the conclusion.

eview and Discussion

Indications for each of the following: Pacemaker, ICD (defibrillator) & Cardiac esynchronization Devices

Pacemaker. According to Gregoratos et al. (1), this type of ICD is indicated for patients suffering from abnormalities of atrioventricular (AV) conduction which may be asymptomatic; however,…...

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References

1. Gregoratos, G et al. American Heart Association [Internet] ACC/AHA Practice Guidelines 2016 [cited 2016 April 26] Available from  http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/97/13/1325.full .

2. American Heart Association. [Internet] What is a pacemaker. 2016 [cited 2016 April 26] Available from   / downloadable/ucm_300451.pdf.https://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@hcm/documents 

3. Perry, P ICD -- The Beat Goes On: Experts Call for Expanded Coverage of ICDs, the Most Effective Method to Date for Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death in High-Risk Coronary Patients. The Saturday Evening Post 2004, March-April 276(2): 28-29.

4. Medtronic [Internet] 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS Guidelines for Implantable Defibrillator and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities. 2012. [cited 2016 April 26] Available from   / documents/2012-accf-aha-hrs-guidelines.pdf.http://www.medtronic.com/content/dam/medtronic-com-m/mdt/crdm 

Therapeutic Hypothermia Review
Annotated Bibliography

Lucero, Catherine (2010) Therapeutic Hypothermia. Clinical Correlations. Retrieved from: http://www.clinicalcorrelations.org/?p=2032

Lucero (2010) writes of therapeutic hypothermia "resumption of spontaneous circulation after prolonged ischemia due to cardiac arrest carries significant morbidity and mortality and much effort has been directed toward reducing the debilitating consequences." Lucero reviews the studies that demonstrate an association between therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest patients and improved neurological outcomes.

Tran, Bau P., et al. (2010) Use of Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia to Treat Cardiac Arrest. Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants. 1 Mar 2010. Retrieved from: http://www.jaapa.com/use-of-mild-therapeutic-hypothermia-to-treat-cardiac-arrest/article/164767/

Tran, et al. (2010) reviews the key findings of research studies on the usefulness of therapeutic hypothermia following cardiac arrest.

3. Lutes, Michael and Larsen, Nathan (2007) Focus on: Therapeutic Hypothermia. Clinical Practice and Management March 2007. Retrieved from: http://www.acep.org/content.aspx?id=26776

Lutes and Larsen (2007) reviews recent studies that examine the use of therapeutic hypothermia, its purpose and goals as well as…...

Nursing Educator and the AED
Personal Experience of Teaching and Helping Other Nurses to be More Ready in the Use of a Phillips Heart Start Defibrillator (AED)

Children and young adults as well as other adults can and do have cardiac arrest. Estimations state that undiagnosed heart conditions cause the deaths of one individual every three days in organized youth sports in the United States. (AED Universe, 2012, paraphrased) The Survivor's Foundation states that 460,000 deaths occur each year in the U.S. from sudden cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is reported to occur "when the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) suddenly stop beating normally and develop what is called ventricular fibrillation (VF). VF is a chaotic heart rhythm that is similar where the heart muscle begins quivering which prevents the heart from effectively pumping blood. If this condition is not corrected immediately, death will follow within ten minutes.

The AED

The…...

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Bibliography

Automated External Defibrillators Reviewed (2003) Survivor's Foundation. Retrieved from:  http://firstaidcoach.com/AED_comparison.pdf 

Deakin C. et al. (2010) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010. Section 3. Electrical therapies: Automated external defibrillators, defibrillation, cardioversion and pacing. Resuscitation; 81: 1293-1304.

Jevon, Phil (2011) Defibrillation 1: Using an AED Outside Hospital. Nursing Times. 23 Sept 2011. Retrieved from:  http://www.nursingtimes.net/5035495.article 

Philips Announces 8-year warranty on Heartstart Onsite and FRx AED's (2012) AED Universe. Retrieved from:  http://aeduniverse.blogspot.com/

Brugada Syndrome is a hereditary illness that is categorized by irregular electrocardiogram (ECG) results (efer to Appendix 1) and an augmented danger of unexpected cardiac arrest. It is titled after the Spanish cardiologists Josep and Pedro Brugada. It is counted amongst one of the key (Nademanee, 1997) reasons for "Sudden Unexplained Death Syndrome" (SUDS), and is the most regularly occurring reason of unexpected expiration amongst young men without knowing the fundamental cardiac ailment. This holds particularly true for Laos and Thailand.
The purpose of this research essay is to talk about the Brugada Syndrome by focusing on its epidemiology, pathophysiology, pharmacology and implications for advanced nursing techniques. It also discusses the disease itself in tremendous detail and makes thorough used of secondary research to validate statements wherever required.

Even though, if the ECG results of Brugada Syndrome were initially found amongst survivors of cardiac arrest in the year 1989 (Martini, 1989). Furthermore,…...

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References

Antzelevitch C, Brugada P, Borggrefe M, Brugada J, Brugada R, Corrado D, et al. (2005). Brugada syndrome: report of the second consensus conference: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the European Heart Rhythm Association. Circulation; 111: 659-70

Antzelevitch C (2007). "Genetic basis of Brugada syndrome." Heart rhythm: the official journal of the Heart Rhythm Society 4 (6): 756 -- 7. DOI:10.1016/j.hrthm.2007.03.015. PMC 1989771. PMID 17556198

Belhassen B, Glick A, Viskin S (2004). "Efficacy of quinidine in high-risk patients with Brugada syndrome." Circulation 110 (13): f1731 -- 7. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000143159.30585.90. PMID 15381640

Brugada J, Brugada P, Brugada R (July 1999). "The syndrome of right bundle branch blocks ST segment elevation in V1 to V3 and sudden death -- the Brugada syndrome." Europace 1 (3): 156 -- 66. DOI:10.1053/eupc.1999.0033. PMID 11225790.

Nursing Case Study
Managing a possible Case of Gastroenteritis: A Nursing Case Study

The effective delivery of optimal nursing care requires a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses both the patient's symptoms and the security of the immediate environment. This report presents a case study of appropriate evidence-based nursing practices in treating an elderly female patient presenting with abdominal discomfort in a residential care setting.

The client presents with new onset faecal incontinence, diarrhoea and increasing abdominal discomfort and cramps. These symptoms suggest a possible gastrointestinal disturbance (Crisp & Taylor, 2009) and present a number of possible diagnoses. While the client's nursing care plan indicates that she is normally continent, her confidential disclosure to the nurse suggests that her symptoms may be more prolonged. Another relevant client characteristic is her advanced age of 85 years.

The client's proximity to the dirty utility room in the aged care facility and the report of similar symptoms from…...

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References:

1. Crisp J, Taylor C. (2010). Potter & Perry's fundaments of nursing (3rd ed.). Chatswood, N.S.W.: Elsevier, Australia.

2. Kirk MD, Hall GV, Veitch MGK, Becker N. (2010). Assessing the ?incidence of gastroenteritis among elderly people living in long-term care facilities. Journal of Hospital Infection, 76, 12.

3. Australian Government: Department of Health and Ageing. (2007). Retrieved from- http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/icg-guidelinesindex.htm .

4. Andrew E, Simor MVD. (2010). Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Clostridium difficile Infection in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Review. The-Americans Geriatric Societ, 58(8), 1557-1593.

working with a diverse population of Native Americans, Hispanics, and other individuals in the prison systems and public clinics of this country, I have come to two, crucial conclusions. Firstly, that the currently cost-strapped environment of the national health care system cries out for innovative financial and sociological solutions. Secondly, I believe I require further education in the field of public health to accomplish my goals in seeking to remedy the systemic abuses I have personally witnessed in my own, current capacity as a physician's assistant. These two crucial reasons combine and fuse in my desire to pursue a PhD at Walden in the field of public health.
"Physician, heal thyself," goes the famous quotation -- and indeed, I have sought to heal my own gaps of knowledge through continually educating myself in the technical innovations of the medical field and of the current state of public health in America.…...

Aunt Hattie and Chester
hat might Chester have done to avoid this tragic outcome?

Relatives like Chester want the best for their family and loved ones. However, when Aunt Hattie was no longer able to live completely independently, Chester had little choice but to seek some kind of care or assistance. For people like Hattie who are still capable of caring for themselves to a certain degree, assisted living facilities are often the most appealing option. These facilities offer constant care and supervision, while allowing the individuals to live in the independent and self-sufficient manner that they are used to.

Many assisted living centers lure clients in with things like fireplaces and big-screen television, giving the impression that they are a much better alternative to bare-bones nursing homes. However, the facilities are often less safe than they seem. It is things like staff shortages and insufficient training that place elderly residents at…...

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Works Cited

Assisted Living and Shared Housing Act Title 210 ILCS 9.

Brent Adams And Associates. (2005). Assisted Living Neglect. Retrieved from the Internet at: http://www.ncpersonalinjurylaw.com/assisted-living-neglect.html.

DeBruhl, Rick. (June 13, 2005). How to choose an assisted living facility. Call 12 For Action.

Downey, Jeffrey. (August, 2004). Increased Safety in Assisted Living. Trial Lawyers of America Journal.

Therefore, it is very crucial for all the nurses examining the athletes to carefully differentiate the murmurs of the behaviors of athletes and recommend if it is safe for them to continue sports behaviour.
Discussion 2: Anaphylactic Shock

Anaphylaxis shock is a very dangerous and life threatening allergy reaction that needs right, quick and aggressive treatment on time. Due to lack of recognition, the exact evidence of this condition is difficult to know. There are also no laboratory markers or any particular tests that can be used in the emergency to diagnose this situation.

According to the Canadian Pediatric Surveillance Program it is "a severe allergic reaction to any stimulus, having sudden onset and generally lasting less than 24 hours, involving one or more body systems and producing one or more symptoms such as hives, flushing, itching, angioedema, stridor, wheezing, shortness of breath, vomiting, diarrhea or shock" (Simons, Chad and Gold, 2002,…...

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References

Bille, K., Figueiras, D., Schamasch, P., Kappenberger, L., Brenner, J., Meijboom, J and Meijboom J. (2006). 'Sudden cardiac death in athletes: the Lausanne Recommendations'.

Eur Journal Cardiovascular Rehabilitation. 2006 Dec; 13(6):859-75.

Maron, B.(2003). Sudden death in young athletes. N Engl J. Med. 2003;349: 1064 -- 75

Simons FER, Chad, ZH and Gold M. (2002). Real-time reporting of anaphylaxis in infants,

Although the severities of congestive signs may be similar, medical evaluation should be instructed to determine whether there is accompanying proof of cardiovascular disease. Physical proof of cardiovascular disease contains the narrow pulse pressure, cool arms, and legs, and sometimes changed mentation, with supporting proof sometimes provided by reducing serum sodium level and deteriorating renal function. Cardiovascular disease is frequently difficult to recognize through phone contact but may be suspected when previously effective diuretic increases fail, nurses report lower blood pressure, or patients explain improved lethargy.
Facilitators and barriers to optimal disorder management and outcomes

Environmental factors and cultural beliefs; motivators and hinders

In this case, the client thought he was suffering from a heart attack and feared to come to the hospital. The symptoms had presented for four days before the patient sought help. The patient had been suffering from similar symptoms for the past six months, but thought that he…...

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References

American Association of Cardiovascular (2013). Guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs. John Wiley & Sons.

Bunting-Perry, L.K., & Vernon, G.M. (2007). Comprehensive nursing care for Parkinson's disease. New York: Springer Pub.

Holloway, N.M. (2014). Medical-surgical care planning. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Gulanick, M. (2007). Nursing care plans: Nursing diagnosis and intervention. St. Louis: Mosby.

Staffing shortages in nursing are a consequence of poor nurse retention and nurse satisfaction. Being a nurse requires a lot of dedication, patience, and ability to keep updated in a constantly evolving world. When hospitals and other medical facilities have staffing shortages or shortages in qualified nurses, the healthcare delivery of that particular place dwindles. Nurses are the backbone of any healthcare facility.
Especially in recent times, nurses provide prescriptions, treatment protocols, and diagnosis when doctors are away or busy. This literature review is meant to explain such a phenomena and how it relates directly to nurse satisfaction and nursing retention. From here, the connection crosses over to nursing care and healthcare delivery as standards of practice. Things like arrhythmias will be viewed to understand how nursing shortages attribute to lower quality of care. Utilizing Polk's theory of esilience, this review will allow a look into performance improvement concerns and practice…...

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References

Bosch, R., Kirch, W., Theuer, J., Pittrow, D., Kohlhaussen, A., Willich, S., & Bonnemeier, H. (2013). Atrial fibrillation management, outcomes and predictors of stable disease in daily practice: Prospective non-interventional study. International Journal Of Cardiology, 167(3), 750-756. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.053

GIANFERMI, R., & BUCHHOLZ, S. (2011). Exploring the relationship between job satisfaction and nursing group outcome attainment capability in nurse administrators. Journal Of Nursing Management, 19(8), 1012-1019. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2011.01328.x

Hudgins, T. (2015). Resilience, job satisfaction and anticipated turnover in nurse leaders. Journal Of Nursing Management, n/a-n/a. doi:10.1111/jonm.12289

Minhas, R., Vogelaar, G., Wang, D., Almansoori, W., Lang, E., & Blanchard, I. et al. (2015). A prehospital treat-and-release protocol for supraventricular tachycardia. CJEM, 1-8. doi:10.1017/cem.2014.53

Basic life support (BLS) is a critical skill that every individual should possess. It involves simple yet effective techniques that can be used to save lives in emergency situations. In this essay, we will explore the importance of BLS training, the key principles of BLS, and how to properly administer BLS techniques to someone in need. By the end of this essay, readers will have a better understanding of the fundamental concepts of basic life support and its significance in emergency medical care.
One of the key ways that basic life support training can impact emergency response in critical situations is....

Impact of Basic Life Support Training on Emergency Response in Critical Situations
Basic life support (BLS) training plays a crucial role in improving emergency response effectiveness during critical situations, providing the foundation for swift and potentially life-saving interventions. This training equips individuals with essential knowledge and skills to recognize and respond to life-threatening emergencies, such as cardiac arrest, choking, and airway emergencies.
Enhanced Recognition of Cardiac Arrest and Prompt Response:
BLS training teaches individuals how to identify the signs of cardiac arrest, a condition where the heart suddenly stops beating. It emphasizes the importance of calling for emergency services (e.g., 911) immediately and....