Killed my Father, by Loung Ung [...] what happened in Cambodia between 1975 and 1979, and why it happened. It will make specific reference to the involvement of both Cambodian and international people/groups/forces, and it must draw specific evidence from the personal experience of the author. Loung Ung lived through four years of hell in Cambodia during the regime of the Communist Khmer ouge. Her survival is somewhat of a miracle - but what is more miraculous is how she has turned the experience into a commitment to helping others who suffer under the hand of vicious and evil regimes. Her book is at once chilling and inspiring, yet opens up many questions about what happened in Cambodia, and why the world stood by and watched while two million people died horrible deaths.
CAMBODIA UNDE THE KHME OUGE

The Khmer ouge was the name given to the Communist party in Cambodia.…...

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References

Ung, Loung. First They Killed my Father. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2000.

Therefore an indigenous accounting profession did not evolve in this period either and no accounting or audit rules were established" (2000, p. 16). In this free-for-all environment, it is difficult to discern any influence from the French accounting profession, except to the extent that its transactions involved the international community where certain documentary practices must be followed in order to conduct international commerce. For example, according to a contemporaneous analysis of the accounting profession in Cambodia by Steinberg (1959), the National Bank of Cambodia "still uses the French Union Stabilization Fund in Paris as a funnel for many of its foreign exchange transactions; the dollars Cambodia receives under the United States aid program are not kept in the Fund, but are controlled directly by the National Bank" (p. 191). At the time, the Cambodian National Bank's arrangements with the money market in France were administered by the Banque de…...

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References

Black's Law Dictionary. (1991). St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co.

'Cambodia.' (2012). U.S. Government: CIA World Factbook. [online] available: https://www.

cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cb.html.

Chafer, T., & Sackur, a. (2002). Promoting the colonial idea: Propaganda and visions of empire in France. New York: Palgrave.

Economic results will fail to show up if the government does not start keeping its promises to the donor countries. As Patrick Alley from Global Witness says "Donors should make it clear that continued assistance will depend on the Cambodian government keeping its promises. Otherwise, the whole exercise of setting benchmarks for reform is a sham." His declaration was sustained by Anselmo Lee from FORUM-ASIA: "There's a huge gap between reforms promised by the Cambodian government at each donor meeting and the ongoing hardships faced by Cambodian citizens every day. Donors must stop sending mixed messages to the Cambodian government by demanding reforms while increasing aid. This hypocrisy must end now." (Human Rights News, 2006)

ibliography

C News (2002). Cambodia May Compromise" on Genocide Trial." Retrieved March 18, 2007 from the C News online edition, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2081733.stm

Edralin, J.S. (n.d.) Human Security and Peace uilding: Focus on Local Capacity and Institutional Development. Retrieved March…...

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Bibliography

BBC News (2002). Cambodia May Compromise" on Genocide Trial." Retrieved March 18, 2007 from the BBC News online edition,  http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2081733.stm 

Edralin, J.S. (n.d.) Human Security and Peace Building: Focus on Local Capacity and Institutional Development. Retrieved March 17, 2007 at  http://www.uncrd.or.jp/res/hsp/resfocus.pdf 

Encarta Encyclopedia. (2007). Khmer Rouge. Retrieved March 17, 2007 from the Encarta Encyclopedia website,  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_Rouge 

Hendrickson, D. (2001) Globalisation, Insecurity and Post-war Reconstruction: Cambodia's Precarious Transition." IDS Bulletin.

The Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve

The Tonle Sap Lake is such a valuable resource it was nominated in October 1997 as a "Biosphere Reserve" under the Man and Biosphere Program of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (www.tsbr-ed.org). The Tonle Sap Lake supports a "huge population" because of its fisheries, the productivity of those fisheries, and the fresh water supply provided, the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve project (TSBR) explains. Indeed, Tonle Sap Lake provides "the last refuge for some of Asia's most globally significant biodiversity" (TSBR).

The management and funding, along with the conservation of Tonle Sap Lake is handled in large part by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), but also helping with funding: The United Nations Development Programme; the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and the Capacity 21 Program.

The Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve has as a goal the fulfillment of three important functions: a) conservation of landscapes, ecosystems and…...

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Works Cited

Cambodia National Mekong Committee. (2007). Policy and Strategy for The Tonle Sap

Biosphere Reserve. Retrieved Nov. 28, 2009, from  http://www.adb.org/Projects/tonle_sap/Speeches/environ-management-proj.pdf .

Fitzherbert, Virginia. (2007). Tipping the Scales: At Least Four Million Water Snakes

Are Caught from Tonle Sap Lake Every Year. Geographical, 79.1, 42-48.

Unfortunately, in a country so dependent on one industry, if there is a slow down in the industry, the entire country suffers, and that is happening as a result of the U.S. recession. People are not spending as much money on clothes, and so, the industry is facing a downturn, leading to difficulties throughout the country (Nette).
In conclusion, today, Cambodia is one of the poorest countries in the world, and it has been extremely difficult to shake off the memories of the brutal Pol Pot egime and its many victims. There are still trials going on against Khmer ouge leaders today, and many believe that the true number of victims, or all of their final burial grounds, will ever be found. Cambodia's two main strengths now are tourism and its textiles, and if these continue to grow, and the Cambodian government manages them wisely, they may be able to…...

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References

Editors. "Angkor Wat Information Pages." AngkorWat.org. 2008. 9 May 2008. http://www.angkorwat.org/

Nette, Andrew. "U.S. Recession May Hit Anti-Sweatshop Campaign." IPSNewsNet. 2008. 9 May 2008.  http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=42181 

Tully, John. A Short History of Cambodia: From Empire to Survival. Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, 2006.

The Cambodia-Thai conflict has had a negative impact on the relationship between the people in the area of the conflict. Furthermore, the two countries are members of ASEAN and this dispute has had a negative impact on the ASEAN's development.
The People's epublic of China (PC) has played a major role in Cambodia's foreign relations since the country attained independence in 1953. Since 1953, the PC has tried to limit United States, Thai -- and especially Vietnamese -- influence in Cambodia by acting as patron to a succession of Cambodian strongmen.

Today, Cambodia and the PC maintain strong relations -- especially when it comes to economy, politics, and military backing for Cambodia's leader Hun Sen. China is Cambodia's biggest donor and has offered funds for road construction and an irrigation project in Cambodia. China, of course, has also offered military aid. China maintains that it would like to see peaceful relations…...

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References

Weatherbee, D.E. (2008). International relations in Southeast Asia: The struggle for autonomy. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.; 2nd edition.

Xinhuanet. (2011). "China calls for calmness, restraint in Cambodian-Thai conflict."

Xinhuanet..com Accessed on March 24, 2011:

 http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-02/07/c_13721807.htm

Nixon Doctrine, declared by President ichard M. Nixon in the summer 1969 just a few months after taking office, represented a slight alteration of American policy during the Cold War. Nixon upheld the fundamentals of George Kennan's strategy of "containment" for the spread of Communism, insofar as he promised American support for any democratic third world nation in its fight against Communism. The shift came with the type of support America offered; the Nixon Doctrine promised that America would send military and financial assistance, but no troops. A quick glance at the prior history of American troop commitments during the Cold War gives some sense of Nixon's rationale. The American intervention in Korea under Truman had resulted in a stalemate, with a hostile Marxist North Korea separated from the U.S.-backed South Korea by a narrow demilitarized zone. Meanwhile in the Americas, oosevelt's "Good Neighbor" policy meant that Cold War…...

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References

Brinkley, J. (2011). Cambodia's curse: The modern history of a troubled land. Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs.

Nolan, K.W. (1990). Into Cambodia, spring campaign, summer offensive. New York: Presidio.

Shaw, J.M. (2005). The Cambodian campaign: The 1970 offensive and America's Vietnam War. Lawrence: Kansas University Press.

Shawcross, W. (2002). Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon, and the destruction of Cambodia. Revised edition. New York: Cooper Square Press.

This released the ACLEDA ank from its dependency upon the UN and others providing aid. The ACLEDA ank linked all of its branches resulting in increased convenience for customers.
III. SERVICES OFFERED & FINANCIAL RESULTS

ACLEDA ank offers the following loan products: (1) Microbusiness or group loan up to below U.S.$380; (2) Small business loan; and (3) Medium size business/small-scale industry loan. (Channy, 2003, p. 4) Other products and services include: (1) Savings; (2) Fixed Deposit; (3) Current Deposit; (4) Local fund transfer; (5) Cash Management service; and (6) in-house exchange. (Channy, 2003, p.5) Channy (2003) states that ACLEDA targets the lower segment of the market and provides both individual and group loans and specifically stated is: "Experience has shown that providing access to financial services to people raises income and creates employment, allows people to improve their liquidity management and increases the efficiency of the use of available capital." (p.…...

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Bibliography

Channy, in (2003) the Case Study of ACLEDA Bank - Rural Financial Institutions: Start-Ups. U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Agreement No. LAG-a-00-96-90016-00 through Broadening Access and Strengthening Input Market Systems Collaborative Research Support Program (BASIS-CRSP) and the World Council of Credit Unions, Inc. (WOCCU) Online available at http://www.basis.wisc.edu/live/rfc/cs_11c.pdf

ACLEDA Bank (2008) Online available at  http://www.bwtp.org/arcm/cambodia/II_Organisations/MF_Providers/ACLEDA.htm 

Cambodia's ACLEDA: From Microfinance to Banking (nd) 206-015-1

Accounting standards and IFS adoption in Cambodia and Thailand
The significance of accounting standards

Accounting may be considered as a business language through which the statistical results can be acquired which help in analyzing how well the firm is functioning. They give out timely statements of these statistics and help the stakeholders get all the information they need. Accounting is like a separate language which has its own grammar and these outlines and rules are referred to as the accounting standards. The main aim of the accounting standards is the threefold. This method is very useful when it comes to setting a certain standard for the various policies involved and diminishing the failure to compare the financial reports with the numerous entities involved. Another role they play is that of the facilitation of the depiction of the quality of the firm and its performance as the statements reveal the relevant data in…...

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References

Alali, F. And L. Cao. (2010). International financial reporting standards - credible and reliable? An overview. Advances in Accounting: Incorporating Advances in International Accounting 26(1): 79-86.

Baker, C.R. (2008). The inevitable move to IFRS? The CPA Journal (December): 6-9.

Ball, I. (2009). Serving the public interest: How the IFAC fulfills its mission in a globalized economy. Cost Management (January/February): 34-39.

Bolt-Lee, C. And L.M. Smith. (2009). Highlights of IFRS research. Journal of Accountancy (November): 48-53.

Cambodian Incursion represented a major turning point for American sentiment towards its participation in the Vietnam War (Nolan, 1990, p. xiii). Authorized by President Nixon, it was hoped that this offensive would secure the future of South Vietnam as a non-communist nation, but the strong negative reaction by the American public, towards what seemed to be an escalation, caught the administration off guard. However, many military strategists viewed the Cambodian Incursion to be a wise decision. This essay will examine the circumstances that led to this decision and whether the offensive was successful both politically and militarily.
Events that Set the Stage for the Cambodian Incursion

The Vietnam War (1954-1975), on a global scale, represented a political struggle between the major communist and western powers for ideological control of satellite nations (Shaw, 2005, p 3). Immediately adjacent to China were four countries, Laos, Cambodia, North Vietnam, and S. Vietnam, which Hanoi, the…...

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References

Coleman, J.D. (1991). Incursion: From America's Chokehold on the NVA Lifelines to the Sacking of the Cambodian Sanctuaries. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.

Nolan, Keith William. (1990). Into Cambodia: Spring Campaign, Summer Offensive, 1970. Novato, CA: Presidio Press.

Shaw, John M. (2005). The Cambodian Campaign: The 1970 Offensive and America's Vietnam War. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.

Tho, Tran Dinh. (1979). Indochina Monographs: The Cambodian Incursion. Washington, D.C: U.S. Army Center of Military History.

This new government pledged (in 1994) that education would received 15% of the nation's budget, but McNamara asserts that at least up to a few years ago, only 8% of the budget is targeted for education in Cambodia. That is clearly not enough, and while educational resources are scarce, the sex and child labor industry flourishes.
According to the U.S. Department of Labor report, "Incidence and Nature of Child Labor," published August 23, 2006, 44.8% of Cambodian children ages 5 to 14 years old were working in 2001 (notwithstanding the labor law sets the minimum age for employment at 15). The jobs held by children included agriculture (the "majority" of children work in the fields), "hazardous conditions on commercial rubber plantations, in salt production," in the fishing industry and in garbage collection. Not only are Cambodian children put into slavery for sexual services, the Labor report asserts that Cambodian children…...

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Works Cited

Ayers, David M. (1999). The Khmer rouge and education: beyond the discourse of Destruction. History of Education, 28(2), 205-218.

Ayers, David M. (2000). Tradition, Modernity, and the Development of Education in Cambodia. Comparative Education Review, 44(4), 440-463.

Derks, Annuska; Henke, Roger; & Vanna, Ly. (2006). Review of a Decade of Research on Trafficking in Persons, Cambodia. The Asia Foundation / Center for Advanced Study / U.S.

Agency for International Development (USAID).

Cambodia is currently experiencing something of an economic renaissance, in particular vs. where the country has been. In the late 1970s, Cambodia faced brutal government under the Pol Pot regime. The cities were emptied as the Khmer ouge mobilized the nation's entire workforce to produce rice, most of which was exported to China. As part of this reorganization of society, the Khmer ouge killed all dissidents, intellectuals or people of skill. The result was that, when the Vietnamese liberated the country, Cambodia had absolutely no functioning economy, and no people who could drive the economy and the country forward. The Khmer ouge lingered on as a force in the country for a long time, further stunting opportunity for economic development. Now today, Cambodia's economy is beginning to show signs of life.
Facts & Figures

The country's GDP has increased an average of more than 6% per year since 2004, including 6.5% in…...

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References

CIA World Factbook. (2013). Cambodia. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved December 16, 2013 from  

The new law has prosecuted 426 traffickers in 203 cases. These traffickers had 844 victims in that year alone. This law imposes penalties from 10 years imprisonment to life imprisonment (Kyodo).
Myanmar: Effective or Not?

The capacity of the national government in fighting the problem of human trafficking has been limited (UNODC 2007). It is particularly limited in implementing policy changes in remote areas where traffickers operate. Anti-trafficking groups are looking into the situation. The UNODC addresses the issue by implementing projects and participating in partnership initiatives in the country. These projects and initiatives include increasing public awareness of the problem, provision of technical assistance for the law enforcement sector and the judiciary, greater and easier access to service providers and enhancing their capabilities (UNODC).

Cambodia

Reports say that Cambodia is a source, transit and destination country for human trafficking (HumanTrafficking.org 2009). Human traffickers consist of organized crime syndicates, parents, relatives, friends, intimate…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

CIA. Russia. The World Fact Book: Central Intelligence Agency, 2009. Retrieved on April 23, 2009 from  http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/2732.htm 

Gekht, Anna. Shared but Differentiated Responsibility Integration of International

Obligations in Fight against Trafficking in Human Beings. Denver Journal

International Law and Policy: University of Denver, 2008. Retrieved on April

Laterite is a soft stone, easily cut, which dries to a very hard material. It was not easily carved, so it was used for foundations and walls.
During the 7th and 8th centuries, larger temples were built of sandstone, which was available from the Kingdom of Chenla, quarries. Sandstone is easily carved, so by the 7th century carvings of good quality and detail were found on the lintels of the doors of the temples. Towards the end of this century, some temples were made entirely of stone, some of these tall, single tower temples still survive in Indo-China and Cambodia.

Unfortunately, there were significant problems that the architects were not able to overcome when designing the great pyramids of Angkor at and Bayon. Sandstone may fit together very well, but vertical joints, running on top of one another, makes a wall very unstable. A whole wall would fall down if one…...

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Works Cited

Angkor.com, The Angkor Wat Portal. 2006.  http://www.angkor-planet.com/UK-hase.html .

Facts and Figures. Angkor Wat.com. 2006. (Website) http://www.angkorwat.org/.

Gilbert, Richard and Hang, Sovandy. Cambodian for Beginners. Bangkok: Paiboon Poomsan Publishing, 2004.

Jacobson, Matt. Adventure Cambodia: An Explorer's Travel Guide. London: Silkworm Books, 2005.

Khmer ouge
Bloody Aftermath of evolution: Did it Have to Happen?

evolutions have a tendency to gain a terrible momentum. The level of both organization an anger that is required to overturn an established government (especially one that is either of long standing or autocratic nature or both) can continue to build in intensity and force even after the previous government has fallen, thus making the revolution a success. The result of such revolutionary force tends to run in at least two directions and often both at once. The revolution may turn inward, destroying (and usually executing) its original leaders. And it may turn outward, destroying the nation that it sought to rescue. The most revolutionary governments are likely to do both.

This paper analyzes the purges of the Khmer ouge that followed its revolutionary takeover of the government of Cambodia, assessing whether such purges were necessary to maintain the revolutionary nature of…...

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References

Kiernan, B. (2004). How Pol Pot Came to Power: Colonialism, Nationalism, and Communism in Cambodia, 1930 -- 1975 (2nd Ed.) New Haven: Yale University Press.

The fall of the Khmer Rouge,  http://www.edwebproject.org/sideshow/khmeryears/fall.html 

Khmer Rouge,  http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/khmer-rouge 

Rinaldo, R. (1997). Revisiting the Killing Fields: The Khmer Rouge and Globalization.  http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/revisit.htm

Landslides are a recurring natural hazard affecting many regions around the world, causing significant damage to infrastructure, property, and sometimes loss of life. In recent years, there has been an increased emphasis on using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a tool for assessing landslide susceptibility and risk mapping. GIS allows researchers and planners to integrate various factors that contribute to landslide occurrence, such as topography, geology, land use, soil properties, and precipitation, to create spatial models that can identify areas at risk of landslides.
One of the key advantages of using GIS for landslide susceptibility mapping is its ability to analyze....

1. The Enduring Legacy of Gandhar: Exploring Its Contribution to Indian Art, Culture, and Society

Trace the origins and evolution of Gandhar art, highlighting its unique characteristics and influences.
Examine the role of Gandhar art in the development of Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism.
Discuss the impact of Gandhar art on regional and international artistic traditions.

2. Gandhar: A Crossroads of Civilizations - Art and Architecture as a Reflection of Cultural Exchange

Analyze the artistic influences of Greek, Persian, and Indian cultures on Gandhar art.
Explore the architectural innovations of Gandhar monasteries and stupas, drawing connections to other religious traditions.
Discuss the....