Business Research
Research into the legalization of marijuana will seek to determine what people's views on the issue are. The population is going to be the entire United States, as we are seeking to determine national views about the issue. The sampling will be done at random, using databases of phone numbers and computer-generated dialing. The operators will only know of and gather non-personal information such as age bracket, gender and state of residence. The major downside to this form of sampling is that many younger people will not be sampled because they often do not have landlines.

Random sampling is the "purest form" of probability sampling in that it is free from researcher bias and is more likely to accurately reflect the total population as a result (StatPac, 2012). Landline ownership is a reasonable proxy for the total population, with the caveat noted above. However, other sampling methods are less desirable…...

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Works Cited:

StatPac. (2012). Survey sampling methods. StatPac. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from  http://www.statpac.com/surveys/sampling.htm 

Statistics.com. (2012). Glossary of statistical terms: sampling frame. Institute for Statistics Education. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from  http://www.statistics.com/index.php?page=glossary&term_id=851 

CRS. (2012). Sample size calculator. Creative Research Systems. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from  http://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm

It is projected that at least 10% of the individuals receiving the survey will respond.
There are a variety of reasons for using qualitative methods in a study such as this one. Even though there are drawbacks to the qualitative method including (but not limited to) the fact that respondents are not known and could be lying, the responses are very subjective, and the questions themselves are quantitative in nature, it is still deemed that the expense and time necessary to employ other methods would be to exorbiant in nature.

It is also determined that there are a number of others studies currently available that can provide data that shows the effectiveness of direct mail advertising, therefore, the focus would be on the sports magazine aspect rather than direct mail per se. Qualitative methods are therefore deemed the most appropriate for this study.

eferences

De Chematony, L.; Cottam, S.; (2009) Interacting contributions of…...

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References

De Chematony, L.; Cottam, S.; (2009) Interacting contributions of different departments to brand success, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 62, Iss. 3, pg. 297

Payne, a.; Storbacka, K.; Frow, P.; Knox, S.; (2009) Co-creating brands: Diagnosing and designing the relationship experience, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 62, Iss. 3, pg. 379

Roderick, J.B.; Whittome, J.R.M.; Brush, G.J.; (2009) Investigating the service brand: A customer value perspective, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 62, Iss.3, pg. 345

Teddington; (2008) the innovative media offerings for a man's world, Campaign, Oct 10, 2008, pg. 17

0 applications. The survey also attempts to define the eturn on Investment from investing in social networking applications, and derives a figure of $1.9M by 2013, corroborating a figure from Forrester esearch.
Conclusion

Completing any research project designed to capture business-to-business (B2B) market data takes an approach to isolating respondents within each organization that have a role in evaluating the technology being studied. The survey methodology concentrates on the role of it staff in evaluating social media applications. It would have been more effective if the researchers had also concentrated on the line-of-business managers and those responsible for the performance of business units who could make use of social networking applications as well. The integration aspects of Enterprise 2.0, as the coordination point for legacy systems, are what the it staff most concentrated on. To make this a more effective study, the unmet needs of the line-of-business users also need to be…...

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References

Ashley Jones (2008, September). Studies Suggest That Enterprise Social Media Will Change the Face of Business. EContent, 31(7), 14-15. Retrieved October 11, 2008, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 1556481791).

Link:

-- Change-the-Face-of-Business-50353.htmhttp://www.econtentmag.com/Articles/News/News-Feature/Studies-Suggest-That-Enterprise-Social-Media-Will

Link to press release from Trampoline Systems:

Business Methods
In order to study career aspirations, a survey of fifteen students was conducted to determine what level the student expected to achieve as their highest level. The students polled were all business students. The unit of analysis was scalar, with the options reflecting hierarchical levels within a corporation. The results of the survey were as follows:

Executive

Upper Management

Middle Management

Lower Management

Non-Management

These results show that business students have a wide range of aspirations and expectations for their careers. While some see themselves on a path to executive-level leadership, others see themselves slotting into middle- or upper-level managerial positions as their apex. None of the business students surveyed felt that they were likely to end up in a non-management role. Because of the desire to create scalar units of measurement, the question did not distinguish between these levels and entrepreneurship. So the size of the company in question was open to the interpretation…...

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References

Lund Research (2012). Stratified random sampling. Lund Research. Retrieved April 3, 2014 from  http://dissertation.laerd.com/stratified-random-sampling.php 

No author (2014). Business research process: An overview. EIS.HU.EDU. Retrieved April 3, 2014 from  https://eis.hu.edu.jo/ACUploads/10643/Chapter%204.pdf

This introduces another theoretical and practical difference between business proposals and formal research, and that is the evaluation of their results. Typically business proposals have specific revenue and cost objectives associated with them, yet lack the precision of results that formal research has. Business proposals' variability is not as easily quantified and measured, and therefore potentially overcome as the more planned approach of formal research. Formal research methodologies can take into account potential sampling errors, respondent biases and also control for specific errors in completing the study. The finite and highly measured result of formal research is in contrast to the business proposal's multitudinous effects on people and groups in the company it is meant for. Formal research also can be longitudinal or focused on comparing the implications of a given research methodology over time, with no specific payback except for the creation of knowledge. For business proposals it is…...

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References

Jeffrey Jablonski (1999). Teaching the complexity of business proposals. Business Communication Quarterly, 62(3), 108-111. Retrieved January 6, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 44309653)

Judd, Larry R. (1990). Importance and Use of Formal Research and Evaluation. Public Relations Review, 16(4), 17. Retrieved January 7, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 9051599).

Luuk Lagerwerf, Ellis Bossers. (2002). Assessing business proposals: Genre conventions and audience response in document design. The Journal of Business Communication, 39(4), 437-460. Retrieved January 7, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 238607751).

Business Research
In need of research on a variety of items I approached the internet in search of what was needed. The information I was in need of included data concerning; 1) financial needs, 2) regulatory issues, 3) SBA information, 4) offices supplies and equipment, 5) print costs for literature, and 6) current tour offerings.

I discovered that the financial needs for my travel agency would be relative minimal based on the fact that (initially) the company only needed to support one employee (me). A small office space could be rented on a month to month basis for approximately $300 and the office would be supplied with a desk, a cabinet, chair, lamp and desk phone. The office is in a shared space building, which also provides a shared receptionist. A shared receptionist answers the phones for all the offices in order to make it seem as if smaller companies are not…...

Business Research
The unethical research behavior discussed was conducted by yeth, and is symptomatic of the systemic issues that the pharmaceutical industry has with respect to research. The article details a case involving yeth that resulted in class action litigation. The ethical issue in this case is fraudulent research. The allegation is that yeth fabricated research by using "vendors to produce ghostwritten manuscripts and place them into medical journals." The research produced was therefore entirely fraudulent, but passed off in medical journals as legitimate research. The objective of placing this research in the journals was to legitimize the new drug that yeth was about launch, Prempro, a menopausal hormone therapy.

The larger issue is publication planning, described by Fugh-Berman (2010) as "the process by which pharmaceutical, biotech and medical device companies produce and release articles in medical journals and posters at meetings to establish key marketing messages." These companies use academics to…...

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Works Cited:

Fugh-Berman, A. (2010). The haunting of medical journals: How ghostwriting sold "HRT." PLOS Medicine. Vol. 7 (9) Retrieved October 31, 2012 from  http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000335

Q7. The survey should be demographically balanced: in other words, it should be representative of the consumers whose behavior the survey was designed to assess in terms of gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The questions should be clear and simple, and free from misleading wording that could influence the results. The survey questions should be internally consistent -- in other words, responses that indicate wildly different views in the responses of the same individual raise questions about internal validity. There should be controls to prevent respondents from presenting themselves in an overly positive light. The survey should not draw overly broad conclusions, based upon what respondents were asked.

5a. The city should take public responsibility for its actions, stating that although it was trying to act in the best interests of the city, it crossed the line when it hired a private investigator to infiltrate the boating organization. Avoiding litigation would…...

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References

Basic vs. applied research. (2009). Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Retrieved January 12, 2009 at  http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/research-main.html 

ROI. (2009). Investopedia. Retrieved January 12, 2009 at  http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/returnoninvestment.asp 

Trochim, William. (2006). Variables. Social Research Methods.

hile the employees are generally satisfied, clearly there are specific aspects to their employment that reduce that satisfaction from time-to-time. Further statistical analysis of this survey would not yield better results, in part due to the nature of the survey question and in part due to the small sample size, but regardless the data provided by the survey can be useful for helping management to improve relations with employees.
Appendix a: Basic Tabulated Responses

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neither

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Our company is a leader in the industry.

8

12

Our company is a strong competitor in key growth areas.

20

Our company's leadership has a clear vision of the future.

20

Our company's leadership has made changes which are positive for the company.

10

10

Our company's leadership has made changes which are positive for me.

3

4

10

3

I receive appropriate recognition for my contributions.

5

11

4

My job give me a sense of personal accomplishment.

10

10

I am satisfied with my direct supervisor.

10

10

I am satisfied with my overall job security.

18

2

I am…...

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Works Cited:

No author. (2007). Ordinal, interval and ratio variables. GraphPad.com. Retrieved June 28, 2010 from  http://www.graphpad.com/help/prism5/the_different_kinds_of_variabl.htm

"Now we're coming over the top of the curve and heading down the wrong side of it" (Welsh-Huggins, 2008).
Among the numerous features, common to the cities in the analyzed sample, one could point out the following:

Throughout the past year, the city budgets have reduced the spendings in recreational programs and facilities; they reduced the working hours for the public libraries and laid off municipal workers; the agenda is likely to continue throughout 2009

The revenues generated from property taxes have decreased drastically throughout 2008 as a direct result of the devaluing of the houses; 2009 is likely to follow a similar trend

Sales and income taxes are also decreasing, posing even more difficulties in the background of increasing health care, employee, safety and fuel costs

For all cities analyzed, the general economic stability is being threatened and in this context, raising the taxes is not a recommendable course of action. "If you…...

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References

Welsh-Huggins, a., 2008, Financial Hardship for Most Cities to Grow in '09, Business Week,   Ast accessed on September 15, 2008http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D936UMV00.html .

Business esearch
Denial of Security Clearance: An Examination and Application of eal World Business Statistics

The purpose of this research is to identify the factors most relevant to decisions involving access to classified information and the denial of such security clearance. From an analysis of the commonly cited reasons for such denials, which range in official reports from sexual misconduct to the equally ambiguous and somehow more intriguing issue of "financial considerations," to acquiring specific information regarding the circumstances and considerations involved in particular incidents of either clearance approval or denial, this research would aim to develop an understanding of who might be granted clearance and who would be denied such clearance and access (Dice 2011). A broad and accurate understanding of current security clearance procedures and rationales would hopefully be developed as the ultimate objective and conclusion of the data analysis conducted in this research.

This research problem is highly important for…...

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References

Dice. (2011). Top reasons for security clearance denial. Accessed 21 February 2011.

 http://www.clearancejobs.com/news.php?articleID=65

For example, if Jason wants to know the locals' knowledge of classical music, or their tastes in concerts, then he needs to quantify these responses so that each individual response can be used to build an aggregate response. The content of the interview therefore should specifically reflect the interview's objectives. It should answer the questions that Jason wants answered.
Criterion-related validity should also be considered. Jason needs to ensure that the information he is trying to gather would be available and reliable. This can be difficult because he is trying to gauge reactions of his subjects. Construct validity also needs to be considered. Convergent validity is required -- he must understand how the attitudes of the townsfolk different from those of the general population. Thus, he must have a comparable. He may therefore need to conduct his survey with the general population to use as a comparable. Discriminant validity will…...

The interview setting was likely a poor choice because it not only reduces the perception of anonymity but it also gives the respondents more opportunity to be evasive. I would advise Mary conduct such research in a written format, which minimizes opportunities for evasion and maximizes the perception of anonymity.
3. I would suggest to Mary that part of the reason the HR manager is hostile is because part of the intent of the study is to question whether the Human Resources department is "aware of some of the gendered cultural processes at work in their companies." Thus, the research is attempting to show that HR is not doing its job, or not doing it well enough. That the research was not cleared with the HR Director first only exacerbates this problem. Mary's first step before conducting the surveys should have been to discuss the issue with the HR Director…...

In the context of the sleep/rest support systems the integration of patient monitoring systems is a major market opportunity. A second key technological development is the adoption of lean manufacturing techniques in this industry. The use of Kanban manufacturing, demand-driven manufacturing, and distributed order management and supply chain optimization systems are all fueling the level of innovation occurring in this market. In addition to all these factors, the medical products industry is experimenting with Six Sigma manufacturing practices with offshore manufacturing partners to further reduce costs. These cost reductions are significantly impacting the industry's ability to invest even more into R&D and speed up the product lifecycles that set the pace of the entire global medical products industry. A third factor of technological innovation is the investment manufacturers are making in virtual instrumentation and its use to create combined monitoring and preventative assessment analysis. For medical products manufacturers of…...

This comes as a dramatic turnaround from Chang's statements to the Economist only six months ago, in which he indicated that the company was preparing to scrap part of its large fleet in addition to halting orders for new ships (2009, pp. 57). The reason for this turnaround, according to Shen, is the rather rapid return to profitability that the company has seen in its Asia-European shipping routes, and an expected similar return to profits in the Asia-American routs in the coming quarters (2010). As trade once again increases, the new ships will lead to a more modern and more environmentally sound and economically efficient fleet for the Evergreen Group.
The Future of Shipping

The internal analyses of the Evergreen Group are not the only reasons for the company -- and the shipping industry as a whole -- to take heart about future prospects. Current plans underway in the United States…...

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References

Dean, J. (2003). "Evergreen Group Plans to Expand Its Shipping Fleet." Wall Street Journal 242(49), pp. A2

Drobetz, W.; Schilling, D. & Tegtmeiler, L. (2010). "Common risk factors in the returns of shipping stocks." Maritime policy & management 37(2), pp. 93-120.

Economist, the. (2009). "Sea of troubles." Economist 392(8642), pp. 55-7.

Shen, B. (2010). "Evergreen Group of Taiwan builds new ships." China economic news service. Accessed 17 March 2010.  http://news.cens.com/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_31624.html

Impact of Valuation Methods and Concepts on Essay Conclusions
Introduction:
In academic essays, drawing sound conclusions requires a thorough analysis of the presented arguments and evidence. Valuation methods and concepts play a crucial role in shaping essay conclusions by providing a framework for evaluating the worth or significance of different perspectives. By understanding the principles underlying these methods and concepts, essayists can draw well-supported and persuasive conclusions.
1. Determining Value and Significance:
Valuation methods help determine the relative value or significance of different arguments or ideas. Comparative valuation, for example, involves weighing the strengths and weaknesses of multiple options to identify the preferred choice.....

Digitization has become a dominant trend in the restaurant industry, with digital menus playing a significant role in transforming the dining experience. According to a study by Lin, Chen, and Lin (2018), the integration of digital technologies in restaurants has led to increased operational efficiency and improved customer satisfaction. The study highlights how digital menus allow for faster ordering, reduce wait times, and enable real-time updates of menu items and pricing.
One of the key advantages of digital menus is the ability to enhance the customer experience. Research by Kim and Mattila (2018) suggests that interactive digital menus can engage customers,....

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the concept of responsible leadership and its impact on organizational outcomes. Responsible leadership is defined as a leadership approach that emphasizes ethical decision-making, social responsibility, and sustainability. This type of leadership is characterized by a focus on creating value for all stakeholders, including employees, customers, communities, and the environment. Numerous studies have highlighted the positive impact of responsible leadership behavior on organizational performance. One key finding is that responsible leaders are more likely to foster a culture of trust and ethical behavior within their organizations. This can lead to higher....

Storytelling through Packaging: A Literature Review

Introduction

In today's competitive cosmetic industry, brands are constantly seeking innovative ways to differentiate themselves and capture consumer attention. One effective approach that has gained prominence is the use of storytelling through packaging. By incorporating short, compelling narratives into their packaging designs, brands can engage consumers on an emotional level, enhance brand recall, and ultimately drive purchase intention. This literature review investigates the effectiveness of short brand stories on packaging, focusing on natural cosmetics.

The Impact of Storytelling on Consumer Behavior

Storytelling is a powerful tool that can influence perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. By creating narratives....